ABSTRACT
The present work deals with the family Siparunaceae in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The family comprises 53 species in two genera, Siparuna Aubl. of Neotropical distribution and Glossocalyx Benth (monotypic) occurring in Western Africa. In Brazil, Siparunaceae is represented by the genus Siparuna with 20 species, with the Amazon as its center of diversity with 19 species, followed by the Atlantic Forest with seven species, and Cerrado with six. In Ceará, two species are mentioned in the Flora of Brazil 2020, namely, Siparuna guianensis and Siparuna reginae. This work was based on the examination of physical and virtual herbarium material, types and bibliographies. Two species of Siparuna were recorded for the state of Ceará, S. guianensis and S. brasiliensis, the second being a new occurrence for the state. A geographic distribution map of the species, an identification key, photographs, taxonomic descriptions, and taxonomic comments are provided.
O presente trabalho trata da família Siparunaceae no estado do Ceará, Brasil. A família compreende 53 espécies distribuídas em dois gêneros, Siparuna Aubl. de distribuição Neotropical e Glossocalyx Benth (monotípico) com ocorrência na África ocidental. No Brasil, Siparunaceae é representada pelo gênero Siparuna em 20 espécies, seu centro de diversidade está na Amazônia com 19 espécies, seguido pela Mata Atlântica com sete espécies e Cerrado com seis. No Ceará são citadas duas espécies na Flora do Brasil 2020, Siparuna guianensis e Siparuna reginae. Este trabalho foi baseado em herbários físicos e virtuais, materiais tipo e bibliografias. Foram registradas duas espécies de Siparuna para o estado do Ceará, S. guianensis e Siparuna brasiliensis, com destaque para a segunda, que trata-se de uma nova ocorrência para o estado. Além disso, é fornecido mapa de distribuição geográfica das espécies, chave de identificação, fotografias, descrições taxonômicas e comentários taxonômicos.
ABSTRACT
Siparuna guianensis Aubl., Siparunaceae, is used as anxiolytic plants in folk medicine by South-American indians, "caboclos" and river-dwellers. This work focused the evaluation of phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extract of S. guianensis through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS. The constituents exhibited protonated, deprotonated and sodiated molecules and the MS/MS fragmentation of protonated, deprotonated and sodiated molecules provided product ions with rich structural information. Vicenin-2 (apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside) was the main constituent found in S. guianensis together quercetin-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3,7di-O-rhamnoside. A commercial extract of Passiflora incarnata (Phytomedicine) was used as surrogate standard and also was analyzed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/ MS/MS, showing flavones C-glycosides as constituents, among them, vicenin-2 and vitexin. The main constituent was vitexin. Flavonols triglycosides was also found in low content in S. guianensis and were tentatively characterized as quercetin-3O-rutinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-pentosyl-pentoside-7-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-pentosyl-pentoside-7-O-rhamnoside. Apigenin and kaempferol derivatives had been reported as anxiolytic agents. Flavonoids present in this extract were correlated with flavonoids reported as anxiolytics.
ABSTRACT
Chemical study of three medicinal plants: from leaves of Piper renitens (Miq.) Yunck, Piperaceae, and Siparuna guianensis Aubl., Siparunaceae, and from flowers of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, Amaranthaceae, resulted in isolation of nine compounds: three steroids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol from P. renitens and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from A. brasiliana, the diterpene kaurane ent-kauran-16α,17-diol from P. renitens, two derivatives kaempferol-methylether, kumatakenine (kaempferol-3,7-dimethylether) and kaempferol-3,7,3'-trimethylether from S. guianensis and three flavones, crysoeriol (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone), tricin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-5,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone from A. brasiliana. Compounds structures were determinate using 1D and 2D ¹H NMR and 13C spectral data, mass and IR spectra, comparing with literature data.