Distinguishing Protein Corona from Nanoparticle Aggregate Formation in Complex Biological Media Using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy.

In biological systems, nanoparticles interact with biomolecules, which may undergo protein corona formation that can result in noncontrolled aggregation. Therefore, comprehending the behavior and evolution of nanoparticles in the presence of biological fluids is paramount in nanomedicine. However, traditional lab-based colloid methods characterize diluted suspensions in low-complexity media, which hinders in-depth studies in complex biological environments. Here, we apply X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) to investigate silica nanoparticles (SiO2) in various environments, ranging from low to high complex biological media. Interestingly, SiO2 revealed Brownian motion behavior, irrespective of the complexity of the chosen media. Moreover, the SiO2 surface and media composition were tailored to underline the differences between a corona-free system from protein corona and aggregates formation. Our results highlighted XPCS potential for real-time nanoparticle analysis in biological media, surpassing the limitations of conventional techniques and offering deeper insights into colloidal behavior in complex environments.

Risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 / Fatores de risco para lesão renal aguda em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19

Abstract Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in COVID-19 patients and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Knowing the risks of AKI allows for identification, prevention, and timely treatment. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with AKI in hospitalized patients. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical component study of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 1 to December 31, 2020 was carried out. AKI was defined by the creatinine criteria of the KDIGO-AKI guidelines. Information, regarding risk factors, was obtained from electronic medical records. Results: Out of the 934 patients, 42.93% developed AKI, 60.59% KDIGO-1, and 9.9% required renal replacement therapy. Patients with AKI had longer hospital stay, higher mortality, and required more intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.04), male sex (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.49-3.04), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.04-2.32), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.06-4.04), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.03), ICU admission (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.04-3.16), and vasopressor support (OR 7.46; 95% CI 3.34-16.64) were risk factors for AKI, and that bicarbonate (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.84-0.94) and partial pressure arterial oxygen/inspired oxygen fraction index (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.99) could be protective factors. Conclusions: A high frequency of AKI was documented in COVID-19 patients, with several predictors: age, male sex, DM, CKD, CRP, ICU admission, and vasopressor support. AKI occurred more frequently in patients with higher disease severity and was associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Lesão renal aguda (LRA) ocorre frequentemente em pacientes com COVID-19 e associa-se a maior morbidade e mortalidade. Conhecer riscos da LRA permite a identificação, prevenção e tratamento oportuno. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores de risco associados à LRA em pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal e de componente analítico de pacientes adultos hospitalizados com COVID-19 de 1º de março a 31 de dezembro, 2020. Definiu-se a LRA pelos critérios de creatinina das diretrizes KDIGO-LRA. Informações sobre fatores de risco foram obtidas de prontuários eletrônicos. Resultados: Dos 934 pacientes, 42,93% desenvolveram LRA, 60,59% KDIGO-1 e 9,9% necessitaram de terapia renal substitutiva. Pacientes com LRA apresentaram maior tempo de internação, maior mortalidade e necessitaram de mais internações em UTIs, ventilação mecânica e suporte vasopressor. A análise multivariada mostrou que idade (OR 1,03; IC 95% 1,02-1,04), sexo masculino (OR 2,13; IC 95% 1,49-3,04), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 1,55; IC 95% 1,04-2,32), doença renal crônica (DRC) (OR 2,07; IC 95% 1,06-4,04), proteína C reativa (PCR) (OR 1,02; IC 95% 1,00-1,03), admissão em UTI (OR 1,81; IC 95% 1,04-3,16) e suporte vasopressor (OR 7,46; IC 95% 3,34-16,64) foram fatores de risco para LRA, e que bicarbonato (OR 0,89; IC 95% 0,84-0,94) e índice de pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial/fração inspirada de oxigênio (OR 0,99; IC 95% 0,98-0,99) poderiam ser fatores de proteção. Conclusões: Documentou-se alta frequência de LRA em pacientes com COVID-19, com diversos preditores: idade, sexo masculino, DM, DRC, PCR, admissão em UTI e suporte vasopressor. LRA ocorreu mais frequentemente em pacientes com maior gravidade da doença e associou-se a maior mortalidade e piores desfechos.

Tratamiento de Sonrisa Gingival. Informe de Caso

El recontorneo estético es una cirugía plástica periodontal que tiene como objetivo restablecer una sonrisa más armoniosa de acuerdo al aspecto facial del paciente, el principal motivo para realizar este procedimiento es cuando existe un diagnóstico de una erupción pasiva alterada o sonrisa gingival. La sonrisa gingival es una de las principales preocupaciones de acuerdo a la estética cuando existe una exposición gingival de más de 3 mm en lo cual es justificable realizar el recontorneo estético. Paciente femenino de 28 años de edad, con diagnóstico de erupción pasiva alterada 1B con un seguimiento de 4 meses. El tratamiento consistió en realizar el recontorneo estético para corregir la sonrisa gingival. El recontorneo estético es un procedimiento quirúrgico que se realiza con el objetivo de mejorar la estética del paciente cuando existe una exposición gingival excesiva y para facilitar la armonía de acuerdo a su aspecto facial.

Esthetic recontouring is a periodontal plastic surgery that aims to restore a more harmonious smile according to the patient's facial appearance, since the main reason to perform this procedure is when there is a diagnosis of an altered passive eruption or gingival smile. The gingival smile is one of the main concerns according to aesthetics when there is a gingival exposure of more than 3 mm in which it is justifiable to perform the aesthetic recontouring. 28-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of altered passive eruption 1B with a 4-month follow-up. Treatment consisted of esthetic recontouring to correct the gingival smile. Esthetic recontouring is a surgical procedure performed with the aim of improving the patient's esthetics when there is excessive gingival exposure and to facilitate harmony according to facial appearance.

Aesthetic Crown Lengthening: Case Reports

The crown lengthening is indicated for aesthetic purposes, exposure of subgingival caries, crown fractures or a combination of these, which can be characterized as aesthetic or functional, related to restorative indications, and restoration of biological width. Several factors need to be evaluated in the aesthetic planning for optimizing the smile, with the inclusion of an increase in the clinical crown, emphasizing the quality of the thin or thick periodontal phenotype, an adequate band of keratinized tissue and the size of the biological width. A correct diagnosis of the gummy smile etiology, as well as an assessment of clinical characteristics and anatomical dimensions, is of fundamental importance prior to the patient's approach. It determines and guide decisions regarding the possibilities of treatment and prognosis of cases. The aim of this study was to report two cases of cosmetic periodontal surgery with techniques commonly used for this purpose: gingivectomy and flap surgery with osteotomy.

El alargamiento clínico de corona está indicado con fines estéticos, exposición de caries subgingivales, fracturas coronarias o alguna combinación de estas, y puede caracterizarse como estético o funcional, relacionado con indicaciones restaurativas y restauración del espacio biológico. Varios factores deben ser evaluados en la planificación estética para optimizar la sonrisa, con la inclusión del aumento clínico de coronas, destacando la calidad del fenotipo periodontal delgado o grueso, la gama adecuada de tejido queratinizado y la dimensión del espacio biológico. Un diagnóstico correcto de las causas asociadas a la sonrisa gingival, así como una valoración de las características clínicas y dimensiones anatómicas, son de fundamental importancia antes de abordar al paciente, para determinar y orientar decisiones respecto a las posibilidades de tratamiento y pronóstico de los casos. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar dos casos de cirugía periodontal estética con técnicas comúnmente utilizadas para este fin: gingivectomía y cirugía de colgajo con osteotomía.

Restablecimiento de guía anterior con restauraciones adhesivas / Reestablishing of anterior guidance with adhesive restorations

La estética ha llegado a formar una parte muy importante en la odontología actual. Sin embargo, no debemos sobreponer las necesidades estéticas sobre las necesidades funcionales. La pérdida de estructura dental asociada a bruxismo puede ser considerada patológica cuando compromete la guía anterior, la cual es la influencia en los movimientos mandibulares que proveen las superficies contactantes de los dientes maxilares anteriores con los mandibulares anteriores y evita contactos excéntricos dañinos en los dientes posteriores. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presentar una alternativa conservadora para restablecer tanto la estética como la funcionalidad de una paciente de 34 años de edad que acudió a la Clínica de Prostodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara en busca de rehabilitación estética de dientes anteriores. Una vez realizada su evaluación inicial se llegó al diagnóstico de pérdida de guía anterior por desgaste patológico asociado a bruxismo. El tratamiento incluyó tratamientos de conductos, remoción de caries y restauraciones mal ajustadas, coronas y carillas para restablecer la guía anterior. Se cumplieron con las expectativas estéticas que tenía la paciente al igual que con las necesidades funcionales que fueron objetivo desde el inicio, logrando un restablecimiento de la guía anterior de manera conservadora (AU)

Esthetics has become a very important part of dentistry today. However, we should not superimpose esthetic needs over functional needs. The loss of tooth structure associated with bruxism can be considered pathologic when it compromises the anterior guidance, which is the influence on mandibular movements that provides the contacting surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth with the mandibular anterior teeth and avoids damaging eccentric contacts in the posterior teeth. The aim of this case report is to present a conservative way to restore both esthetics and function in a 34-year-old patient who came to the Prosthodontics Clinic of the Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara in search of an esthetic appearance of her anterior teeth. After her initial evaluation, a diagnosis of anterior guide loss due to pathological wear associated with bruxism was made. Treatment included root canal treatment, removal of caries, and ill-fitting restorations, crowns, and veneers to reestablish the anterior guidance. The aesthetic expectations of the patient have met as well as the functional needs that were aimed from the beginning, achieving a conservative reestablishment of the anterior guidance system (AU)

Doxorubicin Conjugated γ-Globulin Functionalised Gold Nanoparticles: A pH-Responsive Bioinspired Nanoconjugate Approach for Advanced Chemotherapeutics.

Developing successful nanomedicine hinges on regulating nanoparticle surface interactions within biological systems, particularly in intravenous nanotherapeutics. We harnessed the surface interactions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with serum proteins, incorporating a γ-globulin (γG) hard surface corona and chemically conjugating Doxorubicin to create an innovative hybrid anticancer nanobioconjugate, Dox-γG-AuNPs. γG (with an isoelectric point of ~7.2) enhances cellular uptake and exhibits pH-sensitive behaviour, favouring targeted cancer cell drug delivery. In cell line studies, Dox-γG-AuNPs demonstrated a 10-fold higher cytotoxic potency compared to equivalent doxorubicin concentrations, with drug release favoured at pH 5.5 due to the γ-globulin corona's inherent pH sensitivity. This bioinspired approach presents a novel strategy for designing hybrid anticancer therapeutics. Our study also explored the intricacies of the p53-mediated ROS pathway's role in regulating cell fate, including apoptosis and necrosis, in response to these treatments. The pathway's delicate balance of ROS emerged as a critical determinant, warranting further investigation to elucidate its mechanisms and implications. Overall, leveraging the robust γ-globulin protein corona on AuNPs enhances biostability in harsh serum conditions, augments anticancer potential within pH-sensitive environments, and opens promising avenues for bioinspired drug delivery and the design of novel anticancer hybrids with precise targeting capabilities.

Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Cassava Starch Modified by Corona Treatment.

Corona treatment (CT), a surface treatment widely used in the plastic industry, can be used to alter the properties of cassava starch. In the present work, CT was performed on dry granular starch (DS), water-suspended humid granular starch (HS), and gelatinized starch (GS). Different properties and structural characteristics of treated starches were studied. A lowering in pH was generally observed after CT and the rheological properties depended on the starch presentation. A reinforcement of DS and HS samples after CT was deduced from higher viscosity values in flow assays and viscoelastic moduli, but weak gels were obtained when CT was applied to GS. Changes in the A-type polymorphic structure, as well as a drop in relative crystallinity, were produced by CT for DS and HS. Additionally, changes in O-H and C-O-C FTIR bands were observed. Therefore, CT can be applied for starch modification, producing predominantly cross-linking in the DS and de-polymerization in the HS. Casting films made from the modified DS showed higher tensile strength and lower hydrophilicity, solubility, water absorption capacity, and water vapor permeability. Thus, the DS cross-linking induced by CT improved mechanical characteristics and hydrophobicity in edible films, which can be better used as packaging materials.

Effect of Protein Corona on the Specificity and Efficacy of Nanobioconjugates to Treat Intracellular Infections.

Encapsulating drugs into functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) is an alternative to reach the specific therapeutic target with lower doses. However, when the NPs are in contact with physiological media, proteins adsorb on their surfaces, forming a protein corona (PC) biomolecular layer, acquiring a distinct biological identity that alters their interactions with cells. Itraconazole (ITZ), an antifungal agent, is encapsulated into PEGylated and/or functionalized NPs with high specificity for macrophages. It is evaluated how the PC impacts their cell uptake and antifungal effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration and colony-forming unit assays demonstrate that encapsulated ITZ into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) NPs improves the antifungal effect compared with NPs lacking PEGylation. The improvement can be related to the synergistic effect of the encapsulated ITZ and NPs composition and the reduction of PC formation in PEG NPs. Functionalized NPs with anti-F4/80 and anti-MARCO antibodies, or mannose without PEG and treated with PC, show an improved uptake but, in the presence of PEG, significantly reduce the endocytosis, dominating the stealth effect from PEG. Therefore, the PC plays a crucial role in the nanosystem uptake and antifungal effects, which suggests the need for in vivo model studies to evaluate the effect of PC in the specificity and biodistribution.

Stealth and biocompatible gold nanoparticles through surface coating with a zwitterionic derivative of glutathione

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) hold promise in biomedi-cine, but challenges like aggregation, protein corona formation, andinsufficient biocompatibility must be thoroughly addressed beforeadvancing their clinical applications. Designing AuNPs with specificprotein corona compositions is challenging, and strategies for coronaelimination, such as coating with polyethylene glycol (PEG), havelimitations. In this study, we introduce a commercially availablezwitterionic derivative of glutathione, glutathione monoethyl ester(GSHzwt), for the surface coating of colloidal AuNPs. Particles coatedwith GSHzwt were investigated alongside four other AuNPs coated withvarious ligands, including citrate ions, tiopronin, glutathione, cysteine,and PEG. We then undertook a head-to-head comparison of theseAuNPs to assess their behavior in biological fluid. GSHzwt-coated AuNPsexhibited exceptional resistance to aggregation and protein adsorption. The particles could also be readily functionalized with biotinand interact with streptavidin receptors in human plasma. Additionally, they exhibited significant blood compatibility andnoncytotoxicity. In conclusion, GSHzwt provides a practical and easy method for the surface passivation of AuNPs, creating “stealth”particles for potential clinical applications.

Reposicionamiento Labial. Caso Clínico

El reposicionamiento labial es un procedimiento quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo que se utiliza para tratar una sonrisa gingival, la cual, es una afección en la que una cantidad significativa de la encía queda expuesta cuando una persona sonríe y puede deberse a una variedad de factores, como un exceso de tejido gingival, un labio superior corto o músculos hiperactivos del labio superior, entre otros. El alargamiento clínico de la corona, por otro lado, consiste en eliminar el exceso de tejido gingival y, si es necesario, el tejido óseo para exponer una mayor parte de la corona natural del diente. Se reporta un caso clínico de paciente femenino de 31 años que presentó una sonrisa gingival provocada por hipermovilidad de labio superior y un exceso de tejido gingival localizado. El plan de tratamiento involucró una combinación de reposicionamiento labial y alargamiento de corona. Los resultados estéticos fueron significativos, con la sonrisa del paciente más equilibrada y proporcionada. Se redujo la cantidad de tejido gingival expuesto cuando la paciente sonreía y la longitud de los dientes fue más visible, lo que dio como resultado una sonrisa de aspecto más natural, además de aumentar su aceptación al sonreír.

SUMMARY: Lip repositioning is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat a gummy smile, which is a condition in which a significant amount of the gum is exposed when a person smiles and may be due to a variety of factors, such as excess gum tissue, a short upper lip or overactive muscles of the upper lip, among others. Clinical crown lengthening, on the other hand, involves removing excess gingival tissue and, if necessary, bone tissue to expose more of the natural crown of the tooth. Clinical case: A clinical case of a 31-year-old female patient who presented a gummy smile caused by hypermobility of the upper lip and an excess of localized gingival tissue is reported. The treatment plan involved a combination of lip repositioning and crown lengthening. The aesthetic results were significant, with the patient's smile more balanced and displayed. The amount of the patient's exposed gum tissue when smiled was reduced and the length of the teeth was more visible, resulting in a more natural-looking smile, as well as increasing their acceptance of smiling.

Adaptación marginal e interna de cofias fabricadas por métodos convencionales, CAD/CAM de fresado y sinterizado por láser / Marginal and internal adaptation of copings manufactured by conventional methods, CAD/CAM milling and laser sintering

Introducción: la adaptación marginal e interna de nuestras restauraciones fabricadas por fundición sistemas de fresado y sinterización láser es uno de los factores clínicos más importantes para el éxito de las prótesis fijas, previniendo el riesgo de microfiltración y enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo: evaluar la adaptación marginal e interna de cofias metálicas en aleación Cr-Co confeccionadas por técnicas convencionales, CAD/ CAM de fresado y sinterizado por láser. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo experimental, comparativo e in vitro. Se imprimió un modelo maestro en Cr-Co, proveniente del escaneo de un premolar preparado para corona completa, sobre el cual se diseñaron 30 cofias divididas en tres grupos: el primero que corresponde al grupo cofias fundidas fresadas en disco de cera A (A = 10), el segundo grupo cofias fresadas en disco de metal presinterizado B (B = 10) y el tercer grupo cofias impresas por sinterización láser C (C = 10). Se empleó la réplica de silicona, colocando silicona al interior de cada cofia, sobre el modelo maestro, simulando al cemento, mediante una máquina de ensayo universal se realizó una compresión de 50 N. Luego de retirar cada cofia se rellenaron con silicona pesada de adición, obteniendo una réplica de silicona. Se efectuaron dos cortes transversales en sentido vestíbulolingual y mesiodistal. Se observó el espesor de silicona VPS (vinil poliéter silicona) mediante un estereomicroscopio (Nikon SMZ745T), obteniendo valores en micrómetros. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS 25 con el fin de realizar la prueba de normalidad y ANOVA de dos vías bajo un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: el menor gap lo obtuvo el grupo de fresadas, seguido de las impresas y por último las fundidas por métodos convencionales. ANOVA de dos vías reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: se encontró que el gap varía con cada método de fabricación, la técnica convencional de fundido mostró un mayor gap, ninguna excediendo el rango clínicamente aceptable (AU)

Introduction: the marginal and internal adaptation of our restorations manufactured by casting, milling systems and laser sintering is one of the most important clinical factors for the success of fixed prostheses, preventing the risk of microleakage and periodontal disease. Objective: evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of metal copings in Cr-Co alloy made by conventional techniques, CAD/CAM milling and laser sintering. Material and methods: an experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown. An experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown, on which 30 caps divided into three groups were designed; the first group corresponds to the cast copings milled on a wax disc A (A = 10), the second group milled copings on a presintered metal disc B (B = 10) and the third group printed by laser sintering copings C (C = 10). The silicone replica was used, placing silicone inside each coping, on the master model, simulating cement, using a universal testing machine, a 50 N compression was performed. After removing each coping, they were filled with heavy addition silicone, obtaining a silicone replica. Two cross-sections were made in the buccolingual and mesiodistal direction., observing the thickness of the VPS (vinyl polyeter silicone) silicone using a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ745T), obtaining values in micrometers. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS 25 software was used in order to perform the normality and two-way ANOVA tests under a 95% confidence level. Results: the smallest gap was obtained by the milled group, followed by the printed ones and finally those cast by conventional methods. Two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: the gap was found to vary with each fabrication method, the conventional casting technique showed a larger gap, none exceeding the clinically acceptable range (AU)

Could a Non-Cellular Molecular Interactome in the Blood Circulation Influence Pathogens' Infectivity?

We advance the notion that much like artificial nanoparticles, relatively more complex biological entities with nanometric dimensions such as pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms) may also acquire a biomolecular corona upon entering the blood circulation of an organism. We view this biomolecular corona as a component of a much broader non-cellular blood interactome that can be highly specific to the organism, akin to components of the innate immune response to an invading pathogen. We review published supporting data and generalize these notions from artificial nanoparticles to viruses and bacteria. Characterization of the non-cellular blood interactome of an organism may help explain apparent differences in the susceptibility to pathogens among individuals. The non-cellular blood interactome is a candidate therapeutic target to treat infectious and non-infectious conditions.

Resorción intracoronal preeruptiva: una revisión de la literatura / Preeruptive intracoronal resorption: a review of the literature / Reabsorção intracoronária pré-eruptiva: uma revisão da literatura

RESUMEN La resorción intracoronal preeruptiva (RIPE) es un hallazgo radiográfico que consiste en la presencia de un área radiolúcida ubicada en la dentina coronal próxima a la unión amelodentinaria en el germen de una pieza dentaria; es usualmente singular y poco profunda (menor de 1/3 de la dentina cameral). La frecuencia reportada en la literatura varía entre 0,85 % y 27,3 %; no se ha encontrado asociación con el sexo; y afecta usualmente a las piezas posteriores. Su etiología no ha sido determinada, pero evidencias histológicas apuntan a que se trataría de secuelas de resorción dentinaria. Los defectos de la RIPE deben ser considerados como lesiones de caries una vez que la pieza erupcione en boca; y aunque no se han desarrollado esquemas de tratamiento o guías de práctica clínica, los tratamientos reportados dependen de la profundidad de los defectos y son frecuentemente conservadores. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar los estudios descriptivos y los reportes de casos publicados acerca de la RIPE para que estos defectos sean también considerados en la práctica clínica diaria.

ABSTRACT Preeruptive intracoronal resorption (PIRR) is a radiographic phenomenon characterized by the presence of a radiolucent area situated in the coronal dentin near the amelodentine junction within the tooth's germ. Typically, this radiolucent area is singular and shallow, encompassing less than one-third of the chambered dentin. The reported frequency in the literature varies between 0.85% and 27.3%. No association with gender has been identified, and it predominantly affects posterior teeth. While its precise etiology remains undetermined, histological evidence suggests that it results from a sequelae of dentin resorption. RIPE Defects as Caries Lesions: Once the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, RIPE defects should be regarded in a manner similar to caries lesions. Despite the absence of established treatment schemes or clinical practice guidelines, reported treatments are contingent upon the depth of the defects and frequently lean towards conservative approaches. The primary aim of this study was to comprehensively review descriptive studies and published case reports focusing on RIPE defects. This effort is directed towards integrating these defects into routine clinical practice considerations.

RESUMO A reabsorção intracoronária pré-eruptiva (RIPE) é um achado radiográfico que consiste na presença de uma área radiolúcida localizada na dentina coronária próxima à junção amelodentinária no germe de um dente. Geralmente, é singular e rasa, envolvendo menos de 1/3 da dentina da câmara. A frequência relatada na literatura varia entre 0,85% e 27,3%. Não foi encontrada associação significativa com o sexo, e a RIPE tende a afetar mais comumente os dentes posteriores. Sua etiologia ainda não foi totalmente determinada, mas evidências histológicas sugerem que pode ser consequência de reabsorção da dentina. Os defeitos de RIPE devem ser considerados como lesões de cárie quando o dente irrompe na cavidade bucal. Embora não tenham sido desenvolvidos esquemas de tratamento ou diretrizes de prática clínica específicas, os tratamentos relatados para RIPE são geralmente conservadores e baseiam-se na profundidade dos defeitos. Concluindo, a revisão dos estudos descritivos e dos relatos de casos de RIPE destaca a importância de considerar esses defeitos durante a prática clínica rotineira.

Técnicas para prática de escultura dental / Techniques for the practice of dental sculpture / Técnicas para la práctica de la escultura dental

Objetivo: Caracterizar e diferenciar as técnicas de escultura dental, bem como descrever as etapas da ceroplastia de dentes. Revisão Bibliográfica: As principais técnicas encontradas foram: Técnica de escultura regressiva de dentes isolados em cera; técnica progressiva; técnica de ceroplastia em dentes articulados no manequim; enceramento progressivo em molde de gesso; enceramento progressivo com a oclusão dente-a-dente, cúspide-fossa; técnica de escultura de dentes articulados (restaurações unitárias); técnica de escultura de dentes articulados (restaurações múltiplas). No geral, o material e instrumental utilizados nas práticas de escultura são definidos pelo corpo docente do componente curricular Escultura Dental, e alguns desses diferem de uma universidade para outra, assim como o passo a passo seguido. Para o alcance da completa e correta escultura, faz-se necessário seguir a sequência evitando ultrapassar uma etapa sem antes haver cumprido com plena observância dos detalhes o passo imediatamente anterior. Considerações finais: Não houve uma técnica de escultura dental padrão a ser aplicada, entretanto acredita-se que a técnica de ceroplastia em dentes articulados no manequim destaca-se na prática laboratorial, pois os dentes a serem esculpidos precisaram respeitar o tamanho, a relação de oclusão, a relação interdental e o alinhamento, de forma a simular um procedimento clínico.

Objective: To characterize and differentiate dental carving techniques, as well as describe the stages of wax-up of teeth. Bibliographic Review: The main techniques found were: Technique of regressive sculpture of isolated teeth in wax; progressive technique; wax-up technique on articulated teeth on the dummy; progressive waxing in plaster mold; progressive waxing with tooth-to-tooth, cusp-fossa occlusion; articulated teeth sculpting technique (single restorations); articulated teeth sculpting technique (multiple restorations). In general, the material and instruments used in sculpting practices are defined by the faculty of the Dental Sculpture curricular component, and some of these differ from one university to another, as well as the step by step followed. In order to achieve a complete and correct sculpture, it is necessary to follow the sequence, avoiding going beyond a stage without first having completed the immediately preceding step in full observance of the details. Final considerations: There was no standard dental sculpting technique to be applied, however, it is believed that the wax-up technique on articulated teeth on the dummy stands out in laboratory practice, as the teeth to be sculpted needed to respect the size, the relationship of occlusion, interdental relationship and alignment, in order to simulate a clinical procedure.

Objetivo: Caracterizar y diferenciar las técnicas de tallado dental, así como describir las etapas del encerado de los dientes. Revisión Bibliográfica: Las principales técnicas encontradas fueron: Técnica de escultura regresiva de dientes aislados en cera; técnica progresiva; técnica de encerado en dientes articulados en el maniquí; encerado progresivo en molde de yeso; encerado progresivo con oclusión cúspide-fosa diente a diente; técnica de esculpido de dientes articulados (restauraciones individuales); Técnica de esculpido de dientes articulados (restauraciones múltiples). En general, los materiales e instrumentos utilizados en las prácticas de escultura son definidos por la facultad del componente curricular de Escultura Dental, y algunos de estos difieren de una universidad a otra, así como el paso a paso seguido. Para lograr una escultura completa y correcta, es necesario seguir la secuencia, evitando pasar de una etapa sin haber completado antes el paso inmediatamente anterior con total atención a los detalles. Consideraciones finales: No existía una técnica de esculpido dental estándar a aplicar, sin embargo, se cree que la técnica de encerado sobre dientes articulados sobre el maniquí se destaca en la práctica de laboratorio, ya que los dientes a esculpir debían respetar el tamaño, la relación de oclusión, relación interdental y alineación, con el fin de simular un procedimiento clínico. PALABRAS CLAVE: Corona del Diente; Escultura; Anatomía Artística.

Protein coronas coating polymer-stabilized silver nanocolloids attenuate cytotoxicity with minor effects on antimicrobial performance.

Silver nanoparticles are versatile platforms with a variety of applications in the biomedical field. In this framework, their presence in biological media inevitably leads to the interaction with proteins thus conducting to the formation of biomolecular coronas. This feature alters the identity of the nanomaterial and may affect many biological events. These considerations motivated the investigation of protein adsorption onto the surface of polymer-stabilized AgNPs. The metallic colloids were coated by polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-b-P2VP), and nanoparticle-protein interaction was probed by using a library of analytical techniques. The experimental data revealed a higher extent of protein adsorption at the surface of AgNPs@PVP whereas PEO-b-P2VP coating conducted to the least amount. The main component of the protein coronas was evidenced to be bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is indeed the protein at the highest abundancy in the model biological media. We have further demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity of the silver colloids coated by biomolecular coronas as compared to the pristine counterparts. Nevertheless, the protein coatings did not notably reduce the antimicrobial performance of the polymer-stabilized AgNPs. Accordingly, although the protein-repelling property is frequently targeted towards longer in vivo circulation of nanoparticles, we herein underline that protein coatings, which are commonly treated as artifacts to be avoided, may indeed enhance the biological performance of nanomaterials. These findings are expected to be highly relevant in the design of polymer-stabilized metallic colloids intended to be used in healthcare.

Seroincidencia de anticuerpos IgG del SARS-CoV-2 y factores de riesgo en trabajadores sanitarios asintomáticos del hospital Departamental de Villavicencio

Objetivo: Estimar la seroincidencia acumulada de inmunoglobulinas (Ig) clase G (IgG) anti-SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de la salud asintomáticos y su asociación epidemiológica dentro de las áreas funcionales del Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio (HDV). Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional analítico longitudinal de una cohorte de trabajadores, donde cada 21 días, en tres oportunidades, se midieron IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 en suero sanguíneo, a través de ELISA indirecto, en una muestra representativa aleatoria (n= 105) de trabajadores sanitarios del hospital (N= 756). Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizó una encuesta, donde cada trabajador sanitario declaró no haber sido diagnosticado con COVID-19, e igualmente registró la información sobre las variables independientes: sexo, edad, condición laboral, área funcional y comorbilidades. Resultados: La prevalencia inicial para SARS-CoV-2 entre los trabajadores sanitarios asintomáticos del HDV fue de 9,52 % (IC 95 % 5,25-16,65). La seroincidencia acumulada durante 42 días fue de 12,38 % (IC 95 % 7,38-20,04). El riesgo relativo (RR) se utilizó para establecer los factores de riesgo asociados a las variables independientes. El sexo masculino (RR ajustado = 3,34, IC 95 % 1,98-5,86), obesidad (RR ajustado = 10,98, IC 95 % 1,41-85,98) y sexo femenino (RR ajustado = 2,15, IC 95 % 1,12-4,31) en las áreas funcionales de Hospitalización, Medicina Crítica y Urgencias, respectivamente, son factores de riesgo en el HDV. Conclusión: Un total de 13 de 105 trabajadores sanitarios del hospital seroconvirtieron positivamente para SARS-CoV-2 y fueron asintomáticos durante 42 días de seguimiento epidemiológico. Además, existen factores de riesgo importantes en su exposición a este virus en el HDV.

Objective: To estimate the cumulative seroincidence of antisars-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) class G (IgG) in asymptomatic health care workers and its epidemiological association within the functional areas of the Villavicencio Departmental Hospital (HDV). Methodology: A longitudinal analytical observational study of a cohort of workers was conducted in which anti- SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in blood serum were measured every 21 days on three occasions using an indirect ELISA in a random representative sample (n = 105) of hospital health workers (N = 756). The data collection tool was a survey in which each healthcare worker indicated that they had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and provided information on the independent variables: sex, age, job status, functional area, and comorbidities. Results: The baseline prevalence for SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic HDV healthcare workers was 9.52% (CI 95% 5.25-16.65). Cumulative seroincidence over 42 days was 12.38% (CI 95% 7.38-20.04). Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the risk factors associated with the independent variables. Male sex (adjusted RR 3.34, CI 95% 1.98-5.86), obesity (adjusted RR 10.98, CI 95% 1.41- 85.98) and female sex (adjusted RR 2.15, CI 95% 1.12-4.31) in the functional areas of Hospitalization, Critical Medicine and Emergency, respectively, are risk factors in the HDV. Conclusion: During 42 days of epidemiological follow-up, 13 out of 105 hospital healthcare workers seroconverted positively for SARS-CoV-2 and remained asymptomatic. Additionally, significant risk factors are associated with their exposure to this virus in the HDV.

Objetivo: Estimar a incidência zero acumulada de imunoglobulinas (Ig) classe G (IgG) anti-SARS-CoV-2 em profissionais de saúde assintomáticos e sua associação epidemiológica dentro das áreas funcionais do Hospital Estadual de Villavicencio (HDV). Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico longitudinal de uma coorte de profissionais, no qual a cada 21 dias, em três ocasiões mediram-se IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 em soro sanguíneo, através de ELISA indireto, em uma amostra representativa aleatória (n = 105) de profissionais de saúde do hospital (N =756). Como instrumento de recolecção de dados foi usada uma pesquisa, onde cada profissional de saúde declarou não ter sido diagnosticado com COVID-19, e igualmente registrou a informação sobre as variáveis independentes: sexo, idade, condições de trabalho, área de atuação e comorbidades. Resultados: A prevalência inicial para SARS-CoV-2 entre os profissionais de saúde assintomáticos do HDV foi de 9,52% (IC 95% 5,25-16,65). A incidência zero acumulada durante 42 dias foi de 12,38% (IC 95% 7,38-20,04). O risco relativo (RR) foi utilizado para estabelecer os fatores de risco associados às variáveis independentes. O sexo masculino (RR ajustado 3,34, IC 95% 1,98-5,86), obesidade (RR ajustado 10,98, IC 95% 1,41-85,98) e sexo feminino (RR ajustado 2,15, IC 95% 1,12-4,31) nas áreas funcionais de Internação, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Urgências, respectivamente, são fatores de risco no HDV. Conclusão: Um total de 13 de 105 profissionais de saúde do hospital foram detectados positivamente para SARS-CoV-2 e foram assintomáticos durante 42 dias de seguimento epidemiológico. Além disso, existem importantes fatores de risco na sua exposição a este vírus no HDV.

Plasma-Saline Water Interaction: A Systematic Review.

Plasma-liquid interaction research has developed substantially in recent years due, mostly, to the numerous applications of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Plasma-liquid interactions are influenced by the concentrations of the ionic species present in the liquid environment, and few studies have paid attention to saline water, which generally mediates the reactions in many plasma applications. Therefore, the present review aims to explore the main results and the influence of variables on the modification of properties of saline water by CAP sources following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The searches were carried out in the Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, resulting in the inclusion of 37 studies. The main effects of the interaction between CAP and saline water are (i) the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS); (ii) the increase in conductivity and decrease in pH, directly proportional to the increase in discharge voltage; (iii) and the effective area of interaction and the shortest distance between electrode and solution. Other effects are the localized evaporation and crystallization of salts, which make the interaction between plasma and saline water a promising field in the development of technologies for desalination and improvement of liquid properties.

Nanoparticle-Protein Interaction: Demystifying the Correlation between Protein Corona and Aggregation Phenomena.

Protein corona formation and nanoparticles' aggregation have been heavily discussed over the past years since the lack of fine-mapping of these two combined effects has hindered the targeted delivery evolution and the personalized nanomedicine development. We present a multitechnique approach that combines dynamic light and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques with cryotransmission electron microscopy in a given fashion that efficiently distinguishes protein corona from aggregates formation. This methodology was tested using ∼25 nm model silica nanoparticles incubated with either model proteins or biologically relevant proteomes (such as fetal bovine serum and human plasma) in low and high ionic strength buffers to precisely tune particle-to-protein interactions. In this work, we were able to differentiate protein corona, small aggregates formation, and massive aggregation, as well as obtain fractal information on the aggregates reliably and straightforwardly. The strategy presented here can be expanded to other particle-to-protein mixtures and might be employed as a quality control platform for samples that undergo biological tests.

Do diagnóstico institucional ao apoio interdisciplinar: a psicologia hospitalar durante a Covid-19 / From institutional diagnosis to interdisciplinary support: hospital psychology during the Covid-19 / Del diagnóstico institucional al apoyo interdisciplinario: la psicología hospitalaria frente a Covid-19

The crisis generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic changed health care routines and the dynamics of hospitals and impacted health professionals. This experience report presents an interdisciplinary institutional support intervention, led by the psychology service of a pediatric hospital. Based on the hospital management's demand for the care of the employees' mental health, an institutional diagnosis was made and an interdisciplinary action of guidance, support and reception to employees was structured, which collected and organized into 11 categories concerns and obstacles to the functioning of the hospital during the pandemic. Hence, it was possible to realign care flows and offer psychological support to professionals, highlighting the interdisciplinary quality of mental health care. We verified emotional rebalancing, strengthening of professional identity, and better occupational performance. The transformation process that was fostered helped to overcome difficulties and promote an environment of resilience and better coping with the situation, indicating the need to maintain the attention that the crisis demanded.

A pandemia provocada pela Covid-19 alterou as rotinas assistenciais hospitalares e impactou os profissionais de saúde. Este relato de experiência apresenta uma intervenção interdisciplinar de apoio institucional, liderada pelo Serviço de Psicologia de um hospital pediátrico, e a constatação da possibilidade de encontrar soluções inovadoras, sistematizadas e fundamentadas para novos problemas. A partir da demanda da direção da instituição de cuidado destinado à saúde mental dos colaboradores, realizou-se um diagnóstico institucional e estruturou-se a ação interdisciplinar de orientação, apoio e acolhimento aos colaboradores, revelando preocupações e entraves do hospital durante a pandemia. A partir daí, foi possível realinhar a ação, ressaltando a qualidade interdisciplinar do cuidado com a saúde mental. Constataram-se reequilíbrio emocional, fortalecimento da identidade profissional e melhor desempenho ocupacional. Esse resgate fomentou um processo de transformação que consistiu em colaborar para a superação de dificuldades, promover um ambiente de resiliência e melhor enfrentamento da situação, e indicar a necessidade de manutenção da atenção que a crise oportunizou.

La crisis generada por la pandemia de la coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cambió las rutinas de atención médica y la dinámica de los hospitales y impactó los profesionales de la salud. Presenta-se una intervención interdisciplinaria de apoyo institucional, dirigida por el servicio de psicología de un hospital pediátrico. Con base en las demandas de la administración del hospital para el cuidado de la salud de los empleados, se realizó un diagnóstico institucional y se estructuró una acción interdisciplinaria de orientación, apoyo y acogida a los empleados que recopiló y organizó en 11 categorías inquietudes y obstáculos para el funcionamiento del hospital durante la pandemia. Los flujos de atención han sido reordenados, destacando la calidad interdisciplinaria de la atención en salud mental. Verificamos reequilibrio emocional, fortalecimiento de la identidad profesional y mejor desempeño ocupacional. El proceso de transformación que se impulsó ayudó a superar las dificultades y promover un ambiente de resiliencia y mejor enfrentamiento a la situación, indicando la necesidad de mantener la atención que demandaba la crisis.