ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) technique may improve the diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions allowing acquisition of high-resolution in vivo images at the cellular and microvascular levels. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of pCLE for the differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric lesions. METHODS: Twenty gastric mucosal lesions from 10 patients were evaluated during endoscopic procedure and were examined by pCLE. Diagnostic pCLE was followed by biopsies or endoscopic resection of suspected lesions. A senior pathologist evaluated the specimens and was blinded to the pCLE results. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 68.3 (range, 42-83) years and six were men. Thirteen suspicious flat or elevated lesions (classified as 0-Is, 0-IIa or 0-IIa + IIc) and seven pre-malignant lesions (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia) were evaluated. One patient was studied during his long-term follow-up after partial gastrectomy and presented severe atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and xanthomas at the stump mucosa. The location of gastric lesions was in the body (n=10 lesions), the antrum (n=9) and the incisura angularis (n=1). All neoplastic lesions and all but one benign lesion were properly diagnosed by pCLE. pCLE incorrectly diagnosed one small antrum lesion as adenoma, however the final diagnosis was intestinal metaplasia. The final histological diagnosis was neoplastic in 9 and benign lesions in 11. In this small case series, pCLE accuracy was 95% (19/20 lesions). CONCLUSIONS: pCLE is accurate for real time histology of gastric lesions. pCLE may change the management of patients with gastric mucosal lesions, guiding biopsies and endoscopic resection, and avoiding further diagnostic workup or unnecessary therapy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gastric polyps varies around the world reflecting regional associations. We describe demographic features of patients with gastric polyp diagnosis treated between 1980 and 2016 at a referral center in Mexico City and analyzed trends of polyp subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a blind review of archival slides of gastric biopsies with polyp diagnosis from the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016. Initial diagnosis; patient's gender, age and symptoms; and number and location of lesions were recorded. Blind slide review and trend analysis were performed. RESULTS: In 3887 gastric biopsies, 192 patients (4.93%) with epithelial polyps were identified. The median age of patients was 58 years; 73% were female. Polyps were single in 143/192 cases (74.4%), almost 67% in the oxyntic mucosa, and 85% were associated with dyspepsia. The prevalence was 0.5%, 1.6%, 1.9%, 4.6%, and 9.6% for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016, respectively, resulting in a rising trend in the prevalence of epithelial polyps of 380% in 46 years. Fundic gland polyps (FGPs) had a global frequency of 66.6% (128/192). They were identified for the first time in the third period of the study, with a frequency of 28.6% (6/21), 66.6% (35/53), and 78.3% (87/111) for the years 2000, 2010, and 2016, respectively. Contrary, hyperplastic polyps (HPs) decreased 20%. A relative prevalence of 3.29%, 0.97%, and 0.15% was observed for FGP, HP, and gastric adenoma, respectively. DISCUSSION: The 1400% change of FGP explains the increased prevalence of gastric polyps. Chronic treatment with proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori eradication are possible explanations.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/epidemiology , Gastric Fundus/pathology , Polyps/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenoma/diagnosis , Adenoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Dyspepsia/epidemiology , Dyspepsia/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Polyps/diagnosis , Polyps/pathology , Prevalence , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
We report a case of a 59 year-old male presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by epigastric pain. Endoscopic biopsies were diagnostic of adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and focal mucosal invasion by well-differentiated intestinal type adenocarcinoma, which is successfully treated with mucosectomy. We discuss indications for this technique and prognostic factors associated with the macroscopic classification, histological type, size and depth of cancer invasion.
Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 59 años con sintomatología digestiva alta caracterizada epigastralgia. Las biopsias endoscópicas son diagnósticas de lesión de tipo adenoma con displasia de alto grado y foco de invasión mucosa por Adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado de tipo intestinal, el cual es tratado exitosamente con mucosectomía. Se discuten indicaciones de ésta técnica y factores pronóstico asociados con la clasificación macroscópica, tipo histológico, diámetro de la lesión y profundidad de invasión cancerosa.