Between a Rock and a Short Place-The Impact of Nephrolithiasis on Skeletal Growth and Development Across the Lifespan.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The impact of nephrolithiasis on skeletal growth and bone health across the life span of kidney stone formers is reviewed. MAIN FINDINGS: Bone disease is an early event among kidney stone formers (SF), with distinct phenotypes according to each age, sex, menopausal status, dietary, hormonal and genetic factors. Nephrolithiasis-associated bone disorder is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and histologically discloses low bone formation, high bone resorption and abnormal mineralization. Although hypercalciuria has been presumed to be pathogenic for bone loss in SF, the association of BMD with urinary calcium is not uniform in all studies. Hypocitraturia, metabolic disturbances, cytokines and receptors, growth factors and acid-base status may all influence skeletal outcomes. The potential link of bone disease with vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease among SF is discussed. The unique vulnerability of the younger skeleton to the effects of nephrolithiasis on attainment of peak bone mass and strength is highlighted and the association of bone loss with kidney stone formation early in life indicate the opportunity for intervention to reduce the risk of future bone fractures.

Percepção de estudantes universitários acerca das ações regulatórias dos nutrientes no sistema imune / University students perception about nutrient regulatory actions in the immune system / Percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre las acciones reguladoras de los nutrientes en el sistema inmunitario

O sistema imunológico é formado por um conjunto de células que protege o organismo contra patógenos e outros agentes estranhos. A imunidade pode atuar de maneira correta e eficaz, entretanto é necessário o consumo adequado de alimentos que têm como função fortalecer e regular o sistema imunológico. Dessa forma, questiona-se: qual o conhecimento dos estudantes universitários de uma faculdade em Sete Lagoas/MG acerca dos alimentos, fontes de vitaminas A, C, D, zinco, glutamina e ômega-3, como nutrientes reguladores na manutenção do sistema imune? Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva e exploratória, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, realizada com 50 acadêmicos matriculados em uma faculdade localizada em Sete Lagoas/MG. Dos entrevistados, a maioria reconheceu os grupos de alimentos que possuíam os nutrientes estudados: vitamina A (76%), vitamina C e D (70%), zinco (52%), glutamina e ômega-3 (76%). Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos estudantes universitários (84%) apresentou conhecimento acerca da relação entre os nutrientes e suas ações regulatórias no sistema imune. Conclui-se que é importante a pesquisa de temáticas como esta, no sentido de informar e conscientizar os indivíduos sobre os benefícios da ingestão de vitaminas e minerais e sua relação com a manutenção do sistema imune, a fim de influenciar em melhores escolhas alimentares.

The immune system is made up of a set of cells that protect the body against pathogens and other foreign agents. Immunity can act correctly and effectively, however, adequate consumption of foods that have the function of strengthening and regulating the immune system is necessary. Thus, the question is: what is the knowledge of academics from a college in Minas Gerais about food, sources of vitamins A, C, D, zinc, glutamine and omega-3 as regulatory nutrients in the maintenance of the immune system? This is a descriptive and exploratory study, through field research, carried out with 50 academics enrolled in a college located in a municipality of Minas Gerais. Of the respondents, most recognized the food groups that had the nutrients studied: vitamin A (76%), vitamin C and D (70%), zinc (52%), glutamine and omega-3 (76%). The results showed that most academics (84%) had accurate knowledge of the relationship between nutrients and their regulatory actions in the immune system. It is concluded that it is important to research topics such as these, in order to inform and make individuals aware of the benefits of the intake of vitamins and minerals and their relationship with the maintenance of the immune system, in order to influence better food choices.

El sistema inmunológico está formado por un conjunto de células que protegen al organismo contra patógenos y otros agentes extraños. La inmunidad puede actuar de forma correcta y efectiva, sin embargo, es necesario consumir alimentos adecuados cuya función sea fortalecer y regular el sistema inmunológico. Por lo tanto, surge la pregunta: ¿qué conocimiento tienen los estudiantes universitarios de una facultad de Sete Lagoas/MG sobre alimentos, fuentes de vitaminas A, C, D, zinc, glutamina y omega-3, como nutrientes reguladores en el mantenimiento del sistema inmunológico? Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, a través de investigación de campo, realizado con 50 académicos matriculados en una facultad ubicada en Sete Lagoas/MG. De los entrevistados, la mayoría reconoció los grupos de alimentos que contenían los nutrientes estudiados: vitamina A (76%), vitamina C y D (70%), zinc (52%), glutamina y omega-3 (76%). Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios (84%) tenía conocimiento sobre la relación entre los nutrientes y sus acciones reguladoras sobre el sistema inmunológico. Se concluye que es importante investigar temas como este, con el fin de informar y concientizar a los individuos sobre los beneficios de la ingesta de vitaminas y minerales y su relación con el mantenimiento del sistema inmunológico, para incidir en mejores elecciones alimentarias.

Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatites From Horse Humerus Bones of Different Ages (1, 3, 6, and 8 Years old) Calcined at Low Temperature.

The aim of this work is to investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp) extracted from horse humerus bones of different ages (1, 3, 6, and 8 years) subjected to low temperature calcination (600°C). Thermal analysis revealed significant mass loss due to water, collagen, organic compounds, carbonates, and age-related magnesium out-diffusion. Higher fat content in older bones contributed to increased mass loss. Phosphorus content remained constant across age groups, while calcium and sodium showed age-related fluctuations. Magnesium levels decreased with age, emphasizing its importance for early bone development. The Ca/P ratio deviated from the stoichiometric values due to additional ions from biogenic sources. Infrared spectroscopy identified functional groups in carbonated HAp, with changes observed before and after calcination. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 961 cm-1 band decreased with age, indicating improved crystalline quality. The molar absorption coefficients provided information on the changes in molecular concentration and emphasized the differences between the age groups. X-ray analysis revealed nanocrystalline HAp in all samples, with crystallite size increasing with age. Rietveld analysis showed that the lattice parameters were affected by the presence of organic material, but the lattice constants remained stable, confirming high crystallinity independent of age. TEM analysis confirmed nanocrystalline structures, with crystallite size increasing with age. SEM images showed the characteristic porosity of calcined HAp, with particle size correlating positively with age. Calcination at 600°C preserved the nanoscale properties and microcrystal formation. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the identity of HAp, with FWHM variations indicating age-related changes in crystalline quality. EHAp1 showed increased FWHM, indicating lower crystalline quality and increased trace element content.

Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis.

Mineral bone disease (MBD) is common in dialysis patients. Genetics and the hormonal environment influence the clinical picture and outcomes of women. This study aimed to determine how these factors affect mortality. In 234 female dialysis patients on Continuous Ambulatory (48%) or Automated (29%) Peritoneal Dialysis or Hemodialysis (23%), MBD biochemical variables, as well as bone density and genetic Bsm1 polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) were performed at baseline. The cohort was followed-up by 17 (IQ range 15-31) months. According to VDR polymorphism, the distribution of patients was bb: 64% and BB+Bb: 36%. Fifty-five patients died from all-cause mortality; the hs-C-reactive protein level was the most significant risk in multivariate Cox analysis. Nineteen died from cardiovascular mortality. None of the variables were significant for cardiovascular mortality. Patients with bb plus inflammation had the highest risk in the analysis; the significance persisted after adjustment for age, diabetes, and parathyroid hormone levels HR 2.33 (95% CI, 1.01-8.33) and after further adjustment for time on dialysis, albumin, and Osteoprotegerin levels HR 3.49 (95% CI, 1.20-10.9). The presence of the bb genotype from VDR and inflammation had the highest risk of death from all-cause mortality in females on CAPD, APD, and HD patient.

Successful retreatment of a maxillary central incisor with a wide-open apex using MTA to fill the entire canal: 24-year follow-up.

Managing teeth with open apices can be a challenging scenario for clinicians. This case report describes the 24-year follow-up of a maxillary central incisor that failed to develop after a traumatic injury resulting in a wide-open apex. A 10-year-old girl presented complaining of discomfort in her upper teeth. Tooth #9 had received a traumatic blow several years before and was discoloured with a resin composite restoration on the mesio-incisal edge. The tooth was painful to percussion and palpation. An inadequate root canal filling and incomplete root formation were observed on the initial periapical radiograph. Root canal retreatment was initiated, and the canal filled entirely with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) because of the extremely wide canal and open apex. The patient was asymptomatic at the 24-year follow-up with the cone beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs demonstrating the stability of the MTA.

Bone aluminum accumulation in the current era / Acúmulo de alumínio no tecido ósseo na era atual

In the last few years, evidence from the Brazilian Registry of Bone Biopsy (REBRABO) has pointed out a high incidence of aluminum (Al) accumulation in the bones of patients with CKD under dialysis. This surprising finding does not appear to be merely a passive metal accumulation, as prospective data from REBRABO suggest that the presence of Al in bone may be independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. This information contrasts with the perception of epidemiologic control of this condition around the world. In this opinion paper, we discussed why the diagnosis of Al accumulation in bone is not reported in other parts of the world. We also discuss a range of possibilities to understand why bone Al accumulation still occurs, not as a classical syndrome with systemic signs of intoxication, as occurred it has in the past.

Nos últimos anos, evidências do Registro Brasileiro de Biópsia óssea (REBRABO) apontaram uma alta incidência de intoxicação por alumínio (Al) no tecido ósseo de pacientes com DRC em diálise. Essa surpreendente informação parece representar não apenas um acúmulo passivo deste metal, visto que dados prospectivos do REBRABO sugerem que a presença de Al no tecido ósseo pode estar independentemente relacionada a eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores. Essas informações contrastam com a percepção mundial do controle epidemiológico dessa condição. Neste artigo de opinião, discutimos por que o diagnóstico de acúmulo ósseo de Al não é relatado em outras partes do mundo, e também discutimos uma gama de possibilidades para entender por que nós acreditamos que o acúmulo de Al no tecido ósseo ainda ocorre, não como se apresentava no passado, ou seja, como uma síndrome com sinais e sintomas sistêmicos de intoxicação.

Analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as inflammatory biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: impact of parathyroidectomy / Análise das relações neutrófilo/linfócito e plaqueta/linfócito como marcadores inflamatórios na doença renal crônica: impacto da paratireoidectomia

Abstract Introduction: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the causes for inflammation in CKD. We assessed the impact of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (P/L) ratios in SHPT patients. Methods: A total of 118 patients [hemodialysis (HD, n = 81), and transplant recipients (TX, n = 37)] undergoing PTX between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. Results: There was a significant reduction in calcium and PTH levels in both groups, in addition to an increase in vitamin D. In the HD group, PTX did not alter N/L and P/L ratios. In the TX group, there was a reduction in N/L and P/L ratios followed by a significant increase in total lymphocyte count. Conclusion: N/L and P/L ratios are not reliable biomarkers of inflammation in SHPT patients undergoing PTX. Uremia, which induces a state of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients, and the use of immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients are some of the confounding factors that prevent the use of this tool in clinical practice.

Resumo Introdução: O hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) é uma das causas de inflamação na DRC. Avaliamos o impacto da paratireoidectomia (PTX) nas relações neutrófilo/linfócito (N/L) e plaqueta/linfócito (P/L) em pacientes com HPTS. Métodos: Foram analisados 118 pacientes [hemodiálise (HD, n = 81) e transplantados (TX, n = 37)] submetidos à PTX entre 2015 e 2021. Resultados: Houve redução significativa de cálcio e PTH nos dois grupos, além de elevação de vitamina D. No grupo HD, a PTX não mudou as relações N/L e P/L. Já no grupo TX, houve redução nas relações N/L e P/L acompanhadas de elevação significativa do número de linfócitos totais. Conclusão: As relações N/L e P/L não são marcadores fidedignos de inflamação em pacientes com HPTS submetidos à PTX. A uremia, que induz um estado de inflamação crônica em pacientes dialíticos, e o uso de imunossupressão em pacientes transplantados renais são alguns dos fatores de confusão que impedem o uso dessa ferramenta na prática clínica.

Effects of a benzalkonium chloride surfactant-sodium hypochlorite combination on microhardness and mineral content of dentin / Efectos de una combinación de tensioactivo de cloruro de benzalconio e hipoclorito de sodio en la microdureza y el contenido mineral de la dentina

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combination of Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) and its application after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in root canal irrigation procedures on the microhardness and mineral content of dentin. Distal roots of mandibular third molars were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin, sectioned coronally to apically resulting in fifty-four root sections. Thirty sections underwent microhardness evaluation, and twenty-four sections were randomly chosen for mineral analysis. The microhardness assessment comprised three groups: Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl), Group 2 (2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC), and Group 3 (2.5% NaOCl with 0.084 BAC post-17% EDTA). Initial and post-irrigation microhardness values were measured for each group. For mineral analysis, samples were categorized into four groups: distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC, and 17% EDTA+2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy immediately measured magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium mineral contents on dentin surfaces post-irrigation. Results indicated a significant reduction in root dentin microhardness for all solutions (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference in the percentage of reduction was observed among the groups (p>0.05). XPS analysis revealed no significant disparity in dentin surface mineral content among the groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of Benzalkonium chloride to sodium hypochloride, either alone or after EDTA, did not induce a significant alteration in dentin microhardness or mineral content. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of dental irrigation protocols and their effects on dentin properties during endodontic procedures.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el impacto de la combinación de cloruro de benzalconio (BAC) e hipocloruro de sodio (NaOCl) y su aplicación después del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) en procedimientos de irrigación del conducto radicular sobre la microdureza y el contenido mineral de la dentina. Las raíces distales de los terceros molares mandibulares se incluyeron en resina acrílica autopolimerizable y se seccionaron de coronal a apical, lo que dió como resultado cincuenta y cuatro secciones de raíz. Treinta secciones se sometieron a una evaluación de microdureza y veinticuatro secciones fueron elegidas al azar para el análisis mineral. La evaluación de la microdureza comprendió tres grupos: Grupo 1 (2,5% NaOCl), Grupo 2 (2,5% NaOCl con 0,084% BAC) y Grupo 3 (2,5% NaOCl con 0,084 BAC post-17% EDTA). Para cada grupo se midieron los valores de microdureza inicial y post- irrigación. Para el análisis mineral, las muestras se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: agua destilada, 2,5% NaOCl, 2,5% NaOCl con 0,084% BAC y 17% EDTA+2,5% NaOCl con 0,084% BAC. La espectroscopía fotoelectrónica de rayos X midió inmediatamente el contenido de minerales de magnesio, fósforo y calcio en las superficies de la dentina después de la irrigación. Los resultados indicaron una reducción significativa en la microdureza de la dentina radicular para todas las soluciones (p<0,05). Sin embargo, no se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de reducción entre los grupos (p>0,05). El análisis XPS no reveló ninguna disparidad significativa en el contenido mineral de la superficie de la dentina entre los grupos (p>0,05). En conclusión, la adición de cloruro de benzalconio al hipocloruro de sodio, solo o después de EDTA, no indujo una alteración significativa en la microdureza o el contenido mineral de la dentina. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a una comprensión matizada de los protocolos de irrigación dental y sus efectos sobre las propiedades de la dentina durante los procedimientos de endodoncia.

Incorporación de Tecnología Tridimensional mediante Tomografía Microcomputarizada en el Estudio de la Anatomía de Salmónidos: Una Evaluación de Utilidad / Integration of Three-Dimensional Technology through Microcomputed Tomography in the Study of Salmonid Anatomy: A Utility Evaluation

Los salmónidos, durante su desarrollo, pueden experimentar ocasionalmente deformaciones esqueléticas. Para su diagnóstico se emplean diversas metodologías, entre las que se incluyen radiografías, técnicas histológicas, diafanización con tinciones de alizarina y azul de alcián, así como el uso del microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), cada una con sus inherentes ventajas y desventajas. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad evaluar y comparar la eficacia de la tomografía microcomputarizada (Micro-CT) para el análisis anatómico, reconstruyendo tridimensionalmente las imágenes y contrastándolas con los resultados obtenidos mediante la técnica de diafanización. Se analizaron las aletas caudales de cinco ejemplares de salmón Oncorhynchus kisutch: dos sujetos a diafanización y tres procesados para análisis mediante Micro-CT utilizando el equipo BRUKER SkyScan 1272. La técnica de Micro-CT demostró superioridad en la resolución de las estructuras óseas, facilitando una exploración detallada de las variaciones morfológicas y la distribución de la densidad mineral. Este enfoque permitió identificar anomalías en la morfología y crecimiento de las últimas vértebras y lepidotriquias dorsales, así como una densidad incrementada en lepidotriquias dorsales malformadas. La mayor resolución proporcionada por la Micro-CT no solo potencia nuestra comprensión de la ontogenia piscícola y su adaptación a ambientes diversos, sino que además inaugura perspectivas innovadoras para el estudio de la evolución de las estrategias locomotoras y las respuestas adaptativas frente a cambios ambientales a través del tiempo.

SUMMARY: During their development, some species of salmonids may occasionally experience skeletal deformations. Several methodologies are currently being used for the diagnosis of such malformations, among which X-rays, histological techniques, diaphanization coupled either with Alizarin Red or Alcian Blue stains, as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) can be mentioned. Each one of those methods presents inherent advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly, to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) technology for anatomical analysis, three-dimensionally reconstructing the obtained images; and secondly, to contrast those images with the results obtained through the diaphanization technique. The caudal fins of five specimens of the Oncorhynchus kisutch salmon were analyzed: Two specimens were subjected to diaphanization and three were processed for Micro-CT analysis, using the BRUKER SkyScan 1272 equipment. The Micro-CT technology demonstrated superiority in the resolution of bone structures, facilitating a detailed exploration of morphological variations, as well as the distribution of mineral density. This experimental approach allowed us to identify anomalies in the morphology and growth of the last vertebrae and dorsal lepidotrichiae, as well as an increased mineral density in the malformed dorsal lepidotrichiae. The higher resolution provided by Micro-CT not only enhances our understanding of the fish ontogeny and its adaptation to diverse environments, but also opens innovative perspectives for the study of the evolution of locomotor strategies and adaptive responses to environmental changes.

Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit (HU) Value of the Chinese Proximal Humerus on Routine Chest CT: A Study on Opportunistically Screening for Low Bone Density / Valor de Unidad Hounsfield (HU) de Corte Único del Húmero Proximal Chino en una Tomografía Computarizada de Tórax de Rutina: Un Estudio sobre la Detección Oportunista de Baja Densidad Ósea

SUMMARY: A Study on Relationship between Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit(HU) value of the Chinese proximal humerus and Bone Mineral Density(BMD) Using Routine Chest CT and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) was performed. Data were collected from 240 individuals who underwent DEXA and routine chest CT scans (including full images of the proximal humerus) on the same day at 967 Hospitals between January 2019 and December 2021. The method of measuring single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus on routine chest CT scans exhibited high reliability and repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.961, P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus and DEXA results, with the 20-mm HU value demonstrating the highest correlation. Across different BMI groups, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for the 20-mm HU value was consistently the largest (AUC=0.701- 0.813, P< 0.05). Therefore, the 20-mm HU value can be considered a reliable reference for the opportunistic screening of low BMD, with reference values of -4HU for underweight individuals, -13HU for normal weight individuals, -7HU for overweight individuals, and -16HU for obese individuals. Values below these thresholds indicate a risk of low BMD. This study enriches the Chinese BMD data and offers a swift and effective approach for opportunistically screening low BMD.

Se realizó un estudio sobre la relación entre el valor de la Unidad Hounsfield (HU) de corte único del húmero proximal chino y la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) mediante TC de tórax de rutina y absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA). Se recopilaron datos de 240 personas que se sometieron a DEXA y tomografías computarizadas de rutina de tórax (incluidas imágenes completas del húmero proximal) el mismo día en 967 hospitales entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021. El método para medir los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal en las tomografías computarizadas de tórax mostraron alta confiabilidad y repetibilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase > 0,961, P < 0,001). Se observó una fuerte correlación positiva entre los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal y los resultados de DEXA, demostrando el valor de HU de 20 mm la correlación más alta. En diferentes grupos de IMC, el área bajo la curva (AUC) para el valor HU de 20 mm fue consistentemente el más grande (AUC = 0,701-0,813, P <0,05). Por lo tanto, el valor de HU de 20 mm puede considerarse una referencia fiable para el cribado oportunista de DMO baja, con valores de referencia de -4 HU para personas con bajo peso, -13 HU para personas con peso normal, -7 HU para personas con sobrepeso y -16 HU para personas obesas. Los valores por debajo de estos umbrales indican un riesgo de DMO baja. Este estudio es un aporte para los datos chinos sobre la DMO y ofrece un enfoque rápido y eficaz para detectar de forma oportunista la DMO baja.

A brief review on computer simulations of chalcopyrite surfaces: structure and reactivity.

Chalcopyrite, the world's primary copper ore mineral, is abundant in Latin America. Copper extraction offers significant economic and social benefits due to its strategic importance across various industries. However, the hydrometallurgical route, considered more environmentally friendly for processing low-grade chalcopyrite ores, remains challenging, as does its concentration by froth flotation. This limited understanding stems from the poorly understood structure and reactivity of chalcopyrite surfaces. This study reviews recent contributions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with periodic boundary conditions and slab models to elucidate chalcopyrite surface properties. Our analysis reveals that reconstructed surfaces preferentially expose S atoms at the topmost layer. Furthermore, some studies report the formation of disulfide groups (S22-) on pristine sulfur-terminated surfaces, accompanied by the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, likely due to surface oxidation. Additionally, Fe sites are consistently identified as favourable adsorption locations for both oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) molecules. Finally, the potential of computer modelling for investigating collector-chalcopyrite surface interactions in the context of selective froth flotation is discussed, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Effects of Selective and Nonselective Beta Blockers on Bone Mineral Density in Mexican Patients with Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BCa) is related to chronic stress and can reduce the bone mineral density (BMD) through neurochemicals related to beta-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) 1 and 2. Selective beta blockers (sBBs) and nonselective beta blockers (nsBBs) are used to treat systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and may have osteoprotective effects, as they inhibit ADRBs. To evaluate the effects of sBBs and nsBBs on the BMD of Mexican patients with BCa. A retrospective study was conducted. We included 191 Mexican women with BCa without SAH and with SAH treated with nsBBs, sBBs, and diuretics. BMD was evaluated using a bone density scan (DEX scan). A greater average BMD (p < 0.05) was observed in patients with prior treatment with both nsBBs and sBBs (0.54 ± 0.94 and -0.44 ± 1.22, respectively) compared to patients treated with diuretics or without SAH (-1.73 ± 0.83 and -1.22 ± 0.98, respectively). Regarding the diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia, no cases were observed in patients treated with nsBBs, whereas 5.6% of the patients treated with sBBs presented osteopenia. A total of 23.1% and 10.6% patients managed with diuretics or without treatment presented with osteoporosis and 61.5% and 48% patients managed with loop diuretics and without treatment presented with osteopenia, respectively (p < 0.05). Treatment with nsBBs is a promising option for the prevention and management of osteoporosis/osteopenia in Mexican patients with BCa; however, further prospective studies are needed.

Quinoa snack elaborated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964 sourdough increases the mineral bioavailability in mice.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of pseudocereal-based foods decreased in phytate concentration can provide better nutrition concerning mineral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the mineral bioavailability of quinoa sourdough-based snacks in a murine model. The mice were divided into five groups. One group was fed with basal snacks; three control groups received quinoa-based snacks made from non-fermented dough, dough without inoculum, and chemically acidified dough; and the test group (GF) received quinoa snacks elaborated from sourdough fermented by a phytase-positive strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964. Food intake, body weight, and mineral concentration in blood and organs (liver, kidney, and femur) were determined. RESULTS: Food consumption increased during the feeding period and had the highest (16.2-24.5%) consumption in the GF group. Body weight also increased during the 6-weeks of trial. The GF group showed higher (6.0-10.2%) body weight compared with the other groups from the fifth week. The concentrations of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood, iron and phosphorus in the liver, manganese and magnesium in the kidney, and calcium and phosphorus in the femur increased significantly (1.1-2.7-fold) in the GF group compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION: The diet that includes quinoa snacks elaborated with sourdough fermented by phytase-positive strain L. plantarum CRL 1964 increased the concentrations of minerals in the blood, liver, kidney, and femur of mice, counteracting the antinutritional effects of phytate. This study demonstrates that the diminution in phytate content and the consequent biofortification in minerals are a suitable tool for producing novel foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of supplementation of grazing Nellore cows with ß-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on follicle diameter, oestrus, establishment of pregnancy, and foetal morphometry.

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with ß-carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), oestrus, pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497) from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251)-supplementation with a mineral supplement; and SUP (n = 246)-supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + ß-carotene (150 mg/day) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/day) + vitamin D3 (5000 IU/day) + vitamin E (300 mg/day) + biotin (20 mg/day). Cows were supplemented from Days -30 to 30 (Day 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after TAI and foetal crown-rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 days of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥3.0 on Day 0 (63.0 ± 3.1 vs. 60.2 ± 3.1; p < .01) and were more likely to gain BCS from Days -30 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%; p < .01). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in oestrus at the time of the first TAI (Control: LC: 75.4 ± 4.4 vs. SUP: LC: 64.0 ± 5.2 vs. Control: EC: 65.3 ± 4.0 vs. SUP: EC: 71.8 ± 3.7; p = .04). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%; p = .08). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in oestrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%; p = .01). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (SUP: LC: 75.9 ± 8.0% vs. Control: LC: 50.0 ± 8.3% vs. Control: EC: 52.0 ± 5.9% vs. SUP: EC: 41.4 ± 6.5%; p = .02). The SUP treatment increased foetal size (crown-rump; p = .04 and thoracic diameter; p < .01) at 30 days of gestation and, despite decreasing crow-rump length at 77 days after the first TAI among EC cows (p < .01), it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 days after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and foetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with ß-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Organic Silicon on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Digestive Enzymes, Morphohistology, Intestinal Microbiota and Stress Resistance in Juvenile Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus).

In recent decades, interest has been aroused worldwide in the use of silicon in nutrition; however, information on its effect on nutrition and metabolism of fish is limited. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with organic silicon on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, digestive enzymes, morphohistology and intestinal microbiota and stress resistance in hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). Methodologically, six levels of organic silicon (DOS) [control (0), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg·kg-1] were used to feed juvenile fish (initial weight 7.51 ± 0.25 g) grown for eight weeks in 18 aquariums (15 fish/aquarium). The results indicated that growth performance showed differences (p < 0.05) for specific growth rate, feed conversion and survival. Triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose, transaminases and digestive enzymes were significantly influenced by DOS levels. The histological study confirmed that the administered diets did not cause damage and induced significant morphological changes in the proximal intestine. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota showed a high diversity and richness of OTU/Chao-1, with Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria predominating in the DOS treatments compared to the control (p < 0.05). Induction of hypoxia stress after the feeding period showed a significant relative survival rate of 83.33% in fish fed 50 mg·kg-1. It is concluded that the DOS treatments performed better than the control treatment in most of the variables analysed. DOS had no negative effects on the fish. The results showed that up to 50 mg·kg-1 DOS improved digestive, metabolic and growth performance in hybrid Tilapia.

Performance of the Brazilian Fracture Assessment Risk Tool (FRAX) model and the age-dependent intervention thresholds according to National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) guidelines on fracture prediction in community-dwelling older adults: the São Paulo Ageing and Health (SPAH) Study.

The SPAH study is a population-based prospective cohort of Brazilian community-dwelling elderlies with higher fracture risk than observed in the studies used to construct the Brazilian FRAX model. In this study, the FRAX tool was a good fracture predictor within this high-risk elderly cohort, especially when calculated without bone density. PURPOSE: To determine the performances of FRAX and age-dependent intervention thresholds according to National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) guidelines with and without bone mineral density (BMD) regarding fracture prediction in community-dwelling elderly Brazilians. METHODS: Seven hundred and five older adults (447 women; 258 men) were followed for 4.3 ± 0.8 years. FRAX risk for hip and major osteoporotic fractures with and without BMD was calculated at baseline. The bivariate analysis investigated the associations between the absolute probability of fracture (FRAX), as well as the age-dependent intervention thresholds (NOGG), and the incidence of vertebral fracture (VF), non-vertebral fracture (NVF), and major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), segregated by sex. Age-adjusted Poisson's multiple regression and ROC curves were constructed to determine FRAX and NOGG's accuracies as fracture predictors. RESULTS: Fractures occurred in 22% of women and 15% of men. FRAX with and without BMD was higher in women with all types of fractures (p < 0.001). Only NOGG risk classification without BMD was associated with NVF (p = 0.047) and MOF (p = 0.024). FRAX was associated with NVF in the multiple regression, regardless of BMD. ROC curves of FRAX with and without BMD had AUCs of 0.74, 0.64, and 0.61 for NVF, VF, and MOF, respectively. The most accurate risk cutoffs for FRAX were 8% for MOF and 3% for hip fractures. No statistically significant associations were found in men. CONCLUSION: FRAX predicted NVF more accurately than VF or MOF in elderlies, regardless of BMD. These results reiterate that FRAX may be used without BMD, even considering that Brazilian elderlies have known higher fracture risk.

Proteomic Biomarkers Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density: A Systematic Review.

Osteoporosis is a globally relevant public health issue. Our study aimed to summarize the knowledge on the proteomic biomarkers for low bone mineral density over the last years. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines; the scoured databases were PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EBSCO, from inception to 2 June 2023. A total of 610 relevant studies were identified and 33 were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 29 studies met the criteria for this systematic review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tool. From the studies selected, 154 proteins were associated with changes of bone mineral density, from which only 10 were reported in at least two articles. The protein-protein network analysis indicated potential biomarkers involved in the skeletal system, immune system process, regulation of protein metabolic process, regulation of signaling, transport, cellular component assembly, cell differentiation, hemostasis, and extracellular matrix organization. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling has allowed the discovery of new biomarkers with diagnostic potential. However, it is necessary to compare and validate the potential biomarkers in different populations to determine their association with bone metabolism and evaluate their translation to the clinical management of osteoporosis.

Dietary supplementation of mineral nanoparticles for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

This study evaluated the supplementation of iron and copper nanoparticles in channel catfish diets and their influences on growth and health. A comparative feeding trial was carried out for 9 weeks to evaluate combinations of iron and copper nanoparticles: only iron nanoparticles (IronNP), only copper nanoparticles (CopperNP), CopperNP + IronNP, and a control diet supplemented with inorganic iron and copper (FeSO4 and CuSO4). After a 9-week feeding trial, growth performance, hematological parameters, whole-body proximate composition, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated, and fish were subjected to a bacterial challenge against Edwardsiella ictaluri to evaluate the contribution of the experimental treatments to fish health status. No statistical differences were detected for catfish fed the various diets in terms of production performance or survival after bacterial challenge. The hematocrit and RBC counts from fish fed the diet containing copper nanoparticles were significantly lower than the control group. A higher relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria was found in the digesta of catfish fed diets containing copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, in the context of hematology, iron nanoparticles did not impact the blood parameters of channel catfish; however, reduced hematocrits were observed in fish fed the copper nanoparticle diet, which lacked supplemental dietary iron, thus reinforcing the importance of dietary iron to catfish hematopoiesis. Nonetheless, additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of dietary copper nanoparticle supplementation in catfish diets to better illuminate its effects on the intestinal microbiota.

Exploring the association between hypocretin-1 levels and bone mineral content in patients with narcolepsy: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggest the existence of a physiologic basis for bone rarefaction and increased risk for fractures. This study aimed to address anthropometric differences between patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and type 2 (NT2) and discrepancies in bone mineral content (BMC) as a function of hypocretin-1 (Hcrt-1) measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: We have evaluated 31 adult patients (aged 18-65 years) with NT1 and 18 patients with NT2, comparing the groups in terms of anthropometric variables - body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) - and percentage of bone mineral content (%BMC), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis assessed the effects of Hcrt-1 levels on CSF, dietary intake, and medication use over these variables. Statistical significance was achieved with a confidence interval of 95 % and p < 0.05. RESULTS: Patients with NT1 presented with higher BMI (32.04 ± 6.95 vs. 25.38 ± 4.26 kg/m2; p < 0.01) and WHR (0.89 ± 0.09 vs. 0.83 ± 0.09; p = 0.02) compared to NT2, in detriment of %BMC, which was lower for NT1 (4.1 ± 1.02 vs. 4.89 ± 0.59; p < 0.01). Hcrt-1 in CSF showed a positive correlation with %BMC (r = +0.48, p < 0.01) and a negative correlation with anthropometric features (BMI: r = -0.54, p < 0.01; WHR: r = -0.37, p = 0.01). There was a correlation between WHR and diary caloric intake (r = +0.42, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of patients with narcolepsy presupposes a syndromic approach comprising symptoms that go far beyond excessive daytime sleepiness. The integrated follow-up, including nutritional profile and anthropometric features, should add value in reducing morbidity in this population.

Ectopic fat in muscle and poor glycemic control are negatively associated with trabecular bone score in type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. METHODS: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. CONCLUSION: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.