Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Medically Underserved Area , AIDS Vaccines/economics , AIDS Vaccines/supply & distribution , AIDS Vaccines/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/economics , Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/economics , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Trials as Topic/economics , Clinical Trials as Topic/standards , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/ethnology , Haiti/ethnology , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Poverty AreasABSTRACT
The private demand for a hypothetical vaccine that would provide lifetime protection against HIV/AIDS to an uninfected adult was measured in Guadalajara, Mexico, using the concept of willingness to pay (WTP). A 91-question survey instrument was administered by trained enumerators employing contingent valuation techniques to 234 adults, aged 18-60. Our estimates of private demand indicate that individuals anticipate sizable personal benefits from such a vaccine, and that they would be willing to allocate a substantial portion of their income to be protected in this way from HIV infection. A conservative estimate of the mean WTP of adults in the Guadalajara sample is 6358 pesos (669 US dollars) and the median is 3000 pesos (316 US dollars). A multivariate statistical analysis of the determinants of individuals' WTP shows that individuals with higher incomes, with spouses or partners, and with higher perceived risks of becoming infected with HIV are willing to pay more for the vaccine. Older respondents are willing to pay less. These results suggest that there is likely to be a potentially large private market for a HIV/AIDS vaccine in the middle-income developing countries such as Mexico. These findings have important implications both for the level of R&D effort that is devoted to a vaccine and, assuming these efforts are successful, for future policies to make the vaccine available to the public.
Subject(s)
AIDS Vaccines , Health Services Needs and Demand , AIDS Vaccines/economics , Adolescent , Adult , Data Collection , Financing, Personal , Humans , Mexico , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Hantavirus Infections , Opportunistic Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , AIDS Vaccines/economics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Communicable Disease ControlABSTRACT
Os TESTES CLINICOS DE VACINAS ANTI-HIV no Brasil nÝo terÝo sucesso pela falta de homologia entre as preparaçSes vacinais e as cepas de HIV em circulaçÝo no Brasil. Além do mais, as vacinas anti-HIV podem tornar o sistema imune mais vulnerável à infecçÝo pelo HIV, provocar desregulaçÝo imune, auto-imunidade ou apoptose. As vacinas mais promissoras nÝo oferecem proteçÝo contra cepas de vírus que sÝo mais provavelmente encontradas no mundo real. uma vacina com 90 por cento de eficácia deveria cobrir 75por cento da populaçÝo de adolescentes e adultos de um país em desenvolvimento, para estabilizar a prevalência da infecçÝo pelo HIV, portanto vacinas eficientes para estarem disponíveis apresentarÝo incontáveis problemas de disponibilidade e custo. É preciso que se leve em consideraçÝo os aspectos sociais, éticos e políticos antes que se inicie testes preventivos com vacinas anti-HIV nos países em desenvolvimento, particularmente no Brasil