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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e264324, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1529206

ABSTRACT

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os argumentos da estratégia de persuasão dos discursos apresentados na audiência pública sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental-ADPF 442, realizada em 2018, cujo propósito era discutir sobre a interrupção voluntária da gravidez até a 12ª semana. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, analítico-descritiva e documental. O objeto de análise foi o registro da audiência, apresentado em vídeo, disponibilizado na plataforma digital YouTube, e em ata lavrada pelo STF, ambos de acesso público. A partir de uma análise do discurso, identificou-se os argumentos utilizados na estratégia de persuasão, que foram sistematizados em quatro categorias de argumentos para cada um dos dois grupos identificados: o grupo pró e o grupo contra a descriminalização do aborto. As três primeiras categorias, Saúde mental, Direito e Saúde pública, mesmo com diferenças na forma de apresentar o argumento, se repetem nos dois grupos. Todavia, a quarta categoria, Pressupostos, se diferenciou. No grupo pró descriminalização do aborto, apresentou-se como Pressupostos filosóficos e científicos, e no grupo contra, como Pressupostos morais. Por fim, a defesa da saúde mental das mulheres foi o principal argumento numa forma de humanizar o sofrimento vivido pelas que desejam abortar e não encontram o suporte do Estado para assegurar sua dignidade, cidadania e efetiva igualdade, garantidas constitucionalmente.(AU)


The study aimed to identify the arguments of the persuasion strategy of the speeches presented at the public hearing on the Action Against the Violation of Constitutional Fundamental Rights -ADPF 442, held in 2018, whose purpose was to discuss the voluntary interruption of pregnancy until the 12th week. To this end, a qualitative, analytical-descriptive, and documentary research was carried out. The object of analysis was the video recording of the hearing available on the YouTube platform, and in minutes drawn up by the STF, both of which are public. Based on a discourse analysis, the arguments used in the persuasion strategy were identified, which were systematized into four categories of arguments for each of the two identified groups: the group for and the group against the decriminalization of abortion. The first three categories, Mental Health, Law and Public Health, even with differences in the way of presenting the argument, are repeated in both groups. However, the fourth category, Assumptions, differed. In the group for the decriminalization of abortion, it was presented as Philosophical and Scientific Assumptions, whereas the group against, as Moral Assumptions. Finally, the defense of women's mental health was the main argument in a way of humanizing the suffering experienced by those who wish to have an abortion and do not find the support of the State to guarantee their dignity, citizenship, and effective equality, constitutionally guaranteed.(AU)


El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los argumentos de la estrategia de persuasión de los discursos presentados en la audiencia pública sobre el Argumento por Incumplimiento de un Percepto Fundamental -ADPF 442, realizada en 2018, con el objetivo de discutir la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo hasta la 12.ª semana. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, analítico-descriptiva y documental. El objeto de análisis fue la grabación de la audiencia, que está disponible en la plataforma digital YouTube, y actas levantadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal -STF, ambas de acceso público. A partir de un análisis del discurso se identificaron los argumentos utilizados en la estrategia de persuasión, los cuales se sistematizaron en cuatro categorías de argumentos para cada uno de los dos grupos identificados: el grupo pro y el grupo en contra de la despenalización del aborto. Las tres primeras categorías ("salud mental", "derecho" y "salud pública") aún con diferencias en la forma de presentar el argumento se repiten en ambos grupos. Pero difiere la cuarta categoría "supuestos". En el grupo a favor de la despenalización del aborto se presentó como "supuestos filosóficos y científicos", y en el grupo en contra, como "supuestos morales". Finalmente, la defensa de la salud mental de las mujeres fue el principal argumento en un intento por humanizar el sufrimiento que viven aquellas que desean abortar y no encuentran el apoyo del Estado para garantizar su dignidad, ciudadanía e igualdad efectiva, preconizadas por la Constitución.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Criminal , Mental Health , Abortion , Anxiety , Pain , Parity , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Prejudice , Psychology , Public Policy , Rape , Religion , Reproduction , Safety , Audiovisual Aids , Sex , Sex Education , Sex Offenses , Social Behavior , Suicide , Obstetric Surgical Procedures , Torture , Violence , Public Administration , Unified Health System , Brazil , Pregnancy , Bereavement , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Abortion, Eugenic , Christianity , Women's Health , Patient Compliance , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Abortion, Induced , Condoms , Abortion, Legal , Communications Media , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal , Contraceptive Devices , Contraceptive Devices, Male , Feminism , Life , Advertising , Crime , Personal Autonomy , Patient Rights , Legal Intervention , Death , Information Dissemination , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Wedge Argument , Beginning of Human Life , Sexology , Depression , Reproductive Rights , Disease Prevention , Family Development Planning , Health of Specific Groups , Violence Against Women , Control and Sanitary Supervision of Equipment and Supplies , Cerebrum , Family Planning Services , Fertilization , Fetal Distress , Health Communication , Fetus , Social Networking , Reproductive Health , Sexual Health , Sexism , Social Discrimination , Help-Seeking Behavior , Public Service Announcements as Topic , Political Activism , Freedom , Sadness , Psychological Distress , Internet Use , Gender Equity , Citizenship , Document Analysis , Guilt , Human Rights , Anencephaly , Love , Mental Disorders , Morale
2.
Cien Saude Colet ; 25(2): 429-438, 2020 Feb.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32022184

ABSTRACT

Anencephaly is a malformation characterized by the total or partial absence of the brain, and Brazil records the fourth largest number of births of anencephalic fetuses in the world. Fetal anencephaly is associated with a more significant number of maternal complications. As of 2012, women with anencephalic gestation were empowered with the right to carry the pregnancy to term or terminate it, if they so desired, without any judicial authorization. Objectives: to understand the experiences of women with fetal anencephaly and to identify the determinant factors for interrupting the gestation or not. This is a qualitative study using the Life Narratives method with 12 women over 18 years old diagnosed with an anencephalic fetus, who interrupted gestation or delivery in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected between June and November 2016, and the process was finalized when the narrative patterns reached progressive saturation from the recurrences. The statements that emerged following floating and in-depth reading were articulated in Narrative Nuclei, and data comparative and comprehensive analysis was performed. The reports brought to light the intense experiences of these women, as well as the weaknesses existing concerning care and the pregnancy termination issue.


A anencefalia é uma malformação caracterizada pela ausência total ou parcial do encéfalo e o Brasil é o quarto colocado em número de nascimentos de fetos anencéfalos no mundo. Existe associação entre anencefalia fetal e maior número de complicações maternas. A partir de 2012 a mulher com gestação de anencéfalo poderá manter ou interromper a gestação, se assim o desejar, sem necessidade de autorização judicial. Objetivos: compreender as vivências das mulheres de fetos com anencefalia e identificar os fatores determinantes para a escolha de interromper ou não interromper a gestação. Estudo qualitativo e método das narrativas de vida, com 12 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico de feto anencéfalo, que realizaram a interrupção da gestação ou o parto em uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados foi entre junho e novembro de 2016 e encerrada quando os padrões narrativos alcançaram a saturação progressiva, a partir das recorrências. Os enunciados emergidos após leitura flutuante e aprofundada foram articulados em Núcleos Narrativos e realizada análise comparativa e compreensiva dos dados. Os relatos trouxeram à tona as vivências intensas dessas mulheres, como também as fragilidades existentes em relação ao cuidado e a problemática da interrupção da gestação.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Eugenic/statistics & numerical data , Anencephaly , Abortion, Eugenic/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Eugenic/psychology , Abortion, Legal/psychology , Abortion, Legal/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);25(2): 429-438, Feb. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055819

ABSTRACT

Resumo A anencefalia é uma malformação caracterizada pela ausência total ou parcial do encéfalo e o Brasil é o quarto colocado em número de nascimentos de fetos anencéfalos no mundo. Existe associação entre anencefalia fetal e maior número de complicações maternas. A partir de 2012 a mulher com gestação de anencéfalo poderá manter ou interromper a gestação, se assim o desejar, sem necessidade de autorização judicial. Objetivos: compreender as vivências das mulheres de fetos com anencefalia e identificar os fatores determinantes para a escolha de interromper ou não interromper a gestação. Estudo qualitativo e método das narrativas de vida, com 12 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico de feto anencéfalo, que realizaram a interrupção da gestação ou o parto em uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados foi entre junho e novembro de 2016 e encerrada quando os padrões narrativos alcançaram a saturação progressiva, a partir das recorrências. Os enunciados emergidos após leitura flutuante e aprofundada foram articulados em Núcleos Narrativos e realizada análise comparativa e compreensiva dos dados. Os relatos trouxeram à tona as vivências intensas dessas mulheres, como também as fragilidades existentes em relação ao cuidado e a problemática da interrupção da gestação.


Abstract Anencephaly is a malformation characterized by the total or partial absence of the brain, and Brazil records the fourth largest number of births of anencephalic fetuses in the world. Fetal anencephaly is associated with a more significant number of maternal complications. As of 2012, women with anencephalic gestation were empowered with the right to carry the pregnancy to term or terminate it, if they so desired, without any judicial authorization. Objectives: to understand the experiences of women with fetal anencephaly and to identify the determinant factors for interrupting the gestation or not. This is a qualitative study using the Life Narratives method with 12 women over 18 years old diagnosed with an anencephalic fetus, who interrupted gestation or delivery in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected between June and November 2016, and the process was finalized when the narrative patterns reached progressive saturation from the recurrences. The statements that emerged following floating and in-depth reading were articulated in Narrative Nuclei, and data comparative and comprehensive analysis was performed. The reports brought to light the intense experiences of these women, as well as the weaknesses existing concerning care and the pregnancy termination issue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Abortion, Eugenic/statistics & numerical data , Anencephaly , Brazil , Abortion, Eugenic/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Eugenic/psychology , Abortion, Legal/psychology , Abortion, Legal/statistics & numerical data
4.
J Ultrasound Med ; 39(4): 829-832, 2020 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31705673

ABSTRACT

A previously unrecognized first-trimester presentation of the acrania-anencephaly sequence is described. Ultrasound features included a constriction ring around the external base of the developing skull and an enlarged globular head, resembling a Turkish turban, with large cystic spaces replacing the brain. This constellation of findings was noted in 3 first-trimester fetuses. In 2 of them, it was possible to identify the amniotic membrane attached to the constriction ring. One case presented with anencephaly and fetal demise at 16 weeks. The other 2 women terminated the pregnancies and aborted anencephalic fetuses. This subtype of the acrania-anencephaly sequence could represent an earlier segmental rupture of the amnion, which subsequently entraps the developing fetal skull.


Subject(s)
Anencephaly/diagnostic imaging , Anencephaly/embryology , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Abortion, Eugenic , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/embryology , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Skull/embryology
5.
Cad. Ibero Am. Direito Sanit. (Impr.) ; 8(1): 110-118, jan.-mar. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-996367

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evidenciar o conflito normativo sobre a capacidade da adolescente grávida de feto anencefálico e o não respeito a sua capacidade autônoma na tomada de decisões. Metodologia:foi utilizada análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e legislativa. A população estudada pertence à faixa etária compreendida entre 12 anos e 17 anos, por ser definida no Código Civil Brasileiro, respectivamente, como fases de incapacidade absoluta e capacidade parcial para atos da vida civil. Resultados: necessidade da construção de propostas de ação que garantam capacidade autônoma às adolescentes sobre o exercício do seu direito à privacidade e à saúde. (AU)


Objetivo: evidenciar el conflicto normativo sobre la capacidad de la adolescente embarazada de feto anencefálico y el no respeto a su capacidad autónoma en la toma de decisiones. Metodología: se utilizó análisis documental, con realización revisión bibliográfica y legislativa. La población estudiada pertence a la franja etaria comprendida entre 12 años y 17 años, por ser definida en el Código Civil Brasileño respectivamente como: fases de incapacidad absoluta y capacidad parcial para actos de la vida civil. Resultados: necesidad de la construcción de propuestas de acción que garantan la capacidad autónoma de las adolescentes sobre el ejercicio de su derecho a la privacidad ya la salud. (AU)


Objective: highlight the normative conflict about the capacity of pregnant adolescent anencephalic fetus and the lack of respect for their autonomous capacity in decision making. Methodology: documentary analysis with bibliographical and legislative revision. The population studied belongs to the age range between 12 years and 17 years, since it is defined in the Brazilian Civil Code respectively as: phases of absolute incapacity and partial capacity for acts of civil life. Results: need to construct proposals for action that guarantee the adolescentes their autonomous capacity on the exercise of their right to privacy and health. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Abortion, Eugenic , Fetus/abnormalities
6.
J Ultrasound Med ; 38(3): 805-809, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30171631

ABSTRACT

First-trimester ultrasound findings in 4 fetuses with agnathia-otocephaly complex are described. In addition, information from 3 cases reported in the literature was also reviewed, for a total of 7 cases analyzed. All 7 fetuses presented with agnathia and 6 with ventrocaudal displacement of the ears (melotia/synotia). Four fetuses had holoprosencephaly. In 6 cases, the parents opted for termination of pregnancy. The remaining case resulted in premature delivery at 26 weeks due to severe polyhydramnios and early neonatal death. This report highlights the important role of ultrasound in the identification of agnathia-otocephaly complex in the first trimester of pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Abortion, Eugenic , Adult , Craniofacial Abnormalities/complications , Female , Holoprosencephaly/complications , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Infant , Infant Death , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
7.
Acta Med Centro ; 11(3)jul.-sept. 2017.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-69586

ABSTRACT

El consentimiento informado se justifica por el principio de respeto a las personas y a sus decisiones autónomas. La fotografía en Genética por los datos que aporta en la evaluación clínica del paciente y la familia, así como en la correlación fenotipo-genotipo, es un dato genético humano de tanta importancia como una muestra de ácido desoxirribonucleico y como tal debe estar sujeta a las mismas normas éticas para su toma, con el consentimiento informado escrito, al igual que el resto de las muestras biológicas. De igual forma, en los Servicios de Genética Médica la realización de técnicas invasivas de diagnóstico prenatal, así como la solicitud de la pareja de interrumpir el embarazo ante el diagnóstico de malformaciones congénitas severas, requieren el consentimiento expreso y por escrito de ambos miembros de la pareja. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de plasmar algunas consideraciones sobre el consentimiento informado en las diferentes situaciones de la práctica asistencial en la Especialidad de Genética Clínica(AU)


Subject(s)
Informed Consent , Genetics, Medical , Prenatal Diagnosis , Abortion, Eugenic , Bioethics
8.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 87(5): 422-431, oct. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830176

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La rama de genética de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, en relación con el proyecto de ley que regula la despenalización de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en 3 causales, centrándose en la segunda causal que considera al «embrión o feto que padezca una alteración estructural congénita o genética incompatible con la vida extrauterina¼, se reunió para discutir conforme a la evidencia científica qué anomalías congénitas (AC) podrían ser incluidas en el proyecto de ley. Metodología: Los expertos en genética clínica se centraron en 10 AC. Se efectuó revisión bibliográfica y una reunión extraordinaria para discutirla. Resultados: Se acordó no emplear el término «incompatible con la vida extrauterina¼, pues existen excepciones de sobrevidas más prolongadas y cambiar por «anomalía congénita de mal pronóstico vital (ACMPV)¼. Se evaluaron 10 AC: defectos graves de cierre del tubo neural: anencefalia, iniencefalia y craneorraquisquisis, hipoplasia pulmonar, feto acardio, ectopia cordis, triploidía no mosaico, complejo limb body wall, anomalía body stalk, trisomía 13, trisomía 18 y agenesia renal bilateral. Se analizaron los hallazgos sobre prevalencia, historia natural, métodos diagnósticos prenatales, sobrevida, casos descritos de sobrevida prolongada. Para catalogarlas como ACMPV se consideraron: sobrevida posnatal, existencia de tratamientos y evolución posterior e historia natural sin intervenciones. Conclusión: Las ACMPV incluidas serían: anencefalia, hipoplasia pulmonar severa, feto acardio, ectopia cordis cervical, triploidía no mosaico, complejo limb body wall, anomalía body stalk, trisomía 13 no mosaico, trisomía 18 no mosaico y agenesia renal bilateral. Se requiere para el diagnóstico que toda mujer gestante tenga acceso a evaluaciones ecográficas de anatomía fetal, y en ocasiones a resonancia magnética y estudios citogenéticos y moleculares.


Introduction: The Genetic Branch of the Chilean Society of Paediatrics, given the draft Law governing the decriminalisation of abortion on three grounds, focusing on the second ground, which considers the "embryo or foetus suffering from a congenital structural anomaly or a genetic disorder incompatible with life outside the womb", met to discuss the scientific evidence according to which congenital anomalies (CA) may be included in this draft law. Methodology: Experts in clinical genetics focused on 10 CA, reviewed the literature evidence, and met to discuss it. Results: It was agreed not to use the term "incompatible with life outside the womb", as there are exceptions and longer survivals, and change to "congenital anomaly of poor prognosis (CAPP)". Ten CA were evaluated: serious defects of neural tube closure: anencephaly, iniencephaly and craniorachischisis, pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, "limb body wall" complex, "body stalk" anomaly, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. Findings on the prevalence, natural history, prenatal diagnostic methods, survival, and reported cases of prolonged survival were analysed. Post-natal survival, existence of treatments, and outcomes, as well as natural history without intervention, were taken into account in classifying a CA as a CAPP. Conclusion: A CAPP would be: anencephaly, severe pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, cervical ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, limb body wall complex, body stalk anomaly, non-mosaic trisomy 13, non-mosaic trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. For their diagnosis, it is required that all pregnant women have access to assessments by foetal anatomy ultrasound and occasionally MRI, and cytogenetic and molecular testing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Abortion, Eugenic/legislation & jurisprudence , Prognosis , Congenital Abnormalities/physiopathology , Chile , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Consensus
11.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 87(5): 422-431, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27234469

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Genetic Branch of the Chilean Society of Paediatrics, given the draft Law governing the decriminalisation of abortion on three grounds, focusing on the second ground, which considers the "embryo or foetus suffering from a congenital structural anomaly or a genetic disorder incompatible with life outside the womb", met to discuss the scientific evidence according to which congenital anomalies (CA) may be included in this draft law. METHODOLOGY: Experts in clinical genetics focused on 10 CA, reviewed the literature evidence, and met to discuss it. RESULTS: It was agreed not to use the term "incompatible with life outside the womb", as there are exceptions and longer survivals, and change to "congenital anomaly of poor prognosis (CAPP)". Ten CA were evaluated: serious defects of neural tube closure: anencephaly, iniencephaly and craniorachischisis, pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, "limb body wall" complex, "body stalk" anomaly, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. Findings on the prevalence, natural history, prenatal diagnostic methods, survival, and reported cases of prolonged survival were analysed. Post-natal survival, existence of treatments, and outcomes, as well as natural history without intervention, were taken into account in classifying a CA as a CAPP. CONCLUSION: A CAPP would be: anencephaly, severe pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, cervical ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, limb body wall complex, body stalk anomaly, non-mosaic trisomy 13, non-mosaic trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. For their diagnosis, it is required that all pregnant women have access to assessments by foetal anatomy ultrasound and occasionally MRI, and cytogenetic and molecular testing.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Eugenic/legislation & jurisprudence , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Chile , Congenital Abnormalities/physiopathology , Consensus , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Prognosis
13.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 29(23): 3762-7, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26821254

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the maternal complications in pregnant women with fetuses with several congenital anomaly as well as the predictor variables for the termination of pregnancy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study with 94 medical records of pregnant women with fetal infeasibility confirmed in the postnatal period by clinical, radiological or anatomopathological exams. To compare the categorical variables regarding the termination and nontermination of pregnancy, we used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney U-test. To assess the variables that were more associated with the judicial request for the termination of pregnancy, we used logistic regression. RESULTS: The termination of pregnancy was performed in 41 (43.6%) and nontermination of pregnancy in 53 (56.4%) pregnant women. Pregnant women who did not terminate the pregnancy had more complications in the gestational period (p < 0.0001) and in the postpartum period (p = 0.0088). After multiple logistic regressions, the following variables influenced the decision to terminate the pregnancy: type of congenital anomaly (OR: 18.59; 95%CI: 1.96; 175.87) and living children (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.80). CONCLUSION: Most of the pregnant women with fetal infeasibility opted for nontermination of pregnancy and these patients had more obstetrical complications. The type of congenital anomaly and living children were the factors most associated with the choice for the termination of pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Eugenic/statistics & numerical data , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Brazil/epidemiology , Choice Behavior , Female , Humans , Nuclear Family , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young Adult
15.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 23(3): 495-504, 2015.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS | ID: lil-768369

ABSTRACT

O Supremo Tribunal Federal, em 2012, proferiu decisão histórica no bojo da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 54, baseando-se na premissa de que somente o feto com capacidade de ser pessoa pode ser sujeito passivo do crime de aborto. O tema é dos mais importantes, pois envolve dignidade, liberdade, autodeterminação e direitos individuais. Decidiu-se que a antecipação terapêutica do parto, nessa situação, não constitui aborto, uma vez que esse tipo penal pressupõe potencialidade de vida extrauterina. Ressalta-se a existência de numerosas síndromes malformativas, também incompatíveis com a vida extrauterina, que devem ser objeto de regulamentação, com base na isonomia. É fundamental o diagnóstico intraútero, além do estudo minucioso do produto da concepção, mediante necropsia realizada por equipe especializada. Importa, ainda, privilegiar o debate e conferir tratamento jurídico semelhante a condições fetais que, embora não tão conhecidas como a anencefalia, acarretam o mesmo impacto social e condições jurídicas análogas...


The Federal Supreme Court of Brazil in 2012 issued a historical decision in the context of Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental – ADPF 54, based on the premise that only the fetus that has the capacity to be a person can be the victim of the crime of abortion. The topic is important because it involves dignity, liberty, self-determination and individual rights. It was decided that performing the delivery earlier, in this situation, is not abortion, because this crime supposes potential for extra-uterine life. In this context, several malformation syndromes are underlined, also incompatible with extra-uterine life, which must be topics for regulations, anchored in isonomy. Intra-uterine diagnosis is essential, as well as the thorough study of the fetus, by the means of necropsy performed by pathologists. It is important, still, to grant equal judicial treatment to fetal conditions which, although not as well known as anencephaly, carry the same social impact and have analogous judicial situation...


La Suprema Corte brasileña ha proferido decisión histórica en el ámbito de Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental – ADPF 54, con basis en la premisa de que solamente el feto con capacidad de ser persona puede ser sujeto pasivo del crimen de aborto. El tema es importante porque envuelve cuestiones como libertad, autodeterminación y derechos individuales. Se ha decidido que la anticipación terapéutica del parto, en esa situación, no constituye aborto, ya que ese tipo penal presupone la potencialidad de vida extrauterina. Se resalta la existencia de diversas síndromes malformativas, incompatibles con la vida extrauterina, que deben tornarse objeto de regulación. Es fundamental hacer diagnóstico intraútero, a parte de un estudio del producto de la concepción, a través de necropsia realizada por equipo de expertos. Es necesario que se haga una discusión del tema y que se de tratamiento jurídico similar a condiciones fetales que resultan en el mismo impacto social y en condiciones jurídicas análogas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Eugenic , Abortion, Legal , Anencephaly/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Bioethics , Jurisprudence , Judiciary , Autopsy , Hermeneutics , Forensic Pathology , Decision Making
16.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 78(1): 31-41, mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836508

ABSTRACT

Los autores proponen reflexionar desde una mirada bioética en la práctica clínica en psiquiatría a propósito de un caso, una paciente portadora de psicosis crónica cursando embarazo con feto incompatible con la vida extrauterina. El paciente con trastorno psiquiátrico grave y con declaración de incapacidad psíquica tiene autonomía y respetarla implica un desafío para el equipo de salud. La autonomía refiere a la capacidad que se les reconoce a las personas de participar en la toma de decisiones. El trastorno psiquiátrico grave y la declaración de incapacidad no suponen la pérdida de derechos como sujetos ni como usuarios de los servicios de salud, como lo establece la Ley 18.335. En el análisis de este caso el principio de autonomía es el más comprometido; la paciente no puede consentir pero puede asentir, tomándose en cuenta su opinión para la toma de decisiones. El asentimiento tiene valor desde el punto de vista bioético pero no desde el punto de vista legal. Los avances en el diagnóstico prenatal nos enfrentan a situaciones nuevas, de implicancia bioética que es necesario conocer para proteger a poblaciones vulnerables (pacientes psiquiátricos, entre otros). Queremos enfáticamente resaltar la figura institucional de los comités de Ética Asistencial y la importancia de su creación en las instituciones que asisten pacientes con patología mental. Urge incorporar la bioética en la formación de los psiquiatras. La interdisciplina se genera como resultado de la tarea clínica de un equipo,que se configura en función del planteo de un problema, el caso clínico planteado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Bioethics , Informed Consent/ethics , Patient Rights/ethics , Intellectual Disability , Decision Making/ethics , Abortion, Eugenic , Psychotic Disorders
17.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 39(4): 389-395, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60345

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el síndrome de bandas amnióticas comprende un grupo de anomalías congénitas esporádicas que se caracterizan por la aparición de anillos fibrosos que pueden provocar importantes defectos estructurales fetales, tanto externos como internos, los más frecuentes afectan a los miembros, pueden producir amputaciones. Objetivo: resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de malformaciones congénitas y/o defectos estructurales del feto, por ultrasonografía, en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: se presentan las imágenes ecográficas de un caso de afectación fetal por bandas amnióticas a las 18 sem, ocasionando importantes alteraciones en un miembro y cara fetal, sin otros hallazgos ultrasonográficos. Resultados: previo asesoramiento genético, la pareja decidió la terminación del embarazo. Conclusión: el caso fue confirmado por Anatomía Patológica como un síndrome de bandas amnióticas con defectos estructurales del feto(AU)


Introduction: amniotic band syndrome includes a group of sporadic congenital anomalies characterized by fibrous rings that cause severe external and internal structural fetal defects. The most frequent defects are those affecting the fetus's limps- digits, arms and legs- may lead to amputations.Objective: to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of congenital malformations by ultrasonography in primary health care. Methods: ultrasonographic images of a case of prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome at 18 weeks of gestation are presented here. This syndrome produced serious fetal extremities and face alterations in a case, with no other ultrasonographic findings.Results: prior genetic counseling, the couple decided the termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: the case was confirmed by pathology as an amniotic band syndrome with structural fetal defects(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Amniotic Band Syndrome , Amniotic Band Syndrome/complications , Prenatal Diagnosis , Fetus/abnormalities , Abortion, Eugenic
18.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 39(3): 266-272, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60291

ABSTRACT

Los gemelos toracópagos, xifópagos o esternópagos, representan el 75 por ciento de los gemelos unidos simétricamente, están conectados por la región esternal o cerca de ella, situados cara a cara y habitualmente tienen órganos separados, excepto el hígado. Se presenta un caso de gemelos toracópagos con edad gestacional de 13,4 semanas, con el objetivo de demostrar el valor del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico precoz de los defectos morfológicos congénitos, describir los hallazgos anátomo patológicos y aspectos relacionados con la etiopatogenia de dichos gemelos(AU)


Thoracopagus, xiphopagus or sternopagus twins represent 75 percent of symmetrically conjoined twins connected by the sternum or near, located face-to-face and usually they have separate organs except the liver. A case of Thoracopagus twins is reported in this paper. Their gestational age is 13.4 weeks. Our aim is to demonstrating the value of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of congenital morphological defects; to describe the pathological anatomic findings and issues related to the pathogenesis of these twins(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Diseases in Twins/complications , Twins, Conjoined , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Prenatal Diagnosis , Abortion, Eugenic
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(8): 999-1005, ago. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660051

ABSTRACT

Background: Cuba and Chile have the lower infant mortality rates of Latin America. Infant mortality rate in Cuba is similar to that of developed countries. Chilean infant mortality rate is slightly higher than that of Cuba. Aim: To investigate if the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba, compared to Chile, could be explained by eugenic abortion, considering that abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile. Material and Methods: We compared total and congenital abnormalities related infant mortality in Cuba and Chile during 2008, based on vital statistics of both countries. Results: In 2008, infant mortality rates in Chile were significantly higher than those of Cuba (7.8 vs. 4.7per 1,000 live born respectively, odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence intervals (Cl) 1.52-1.83). Congenital abnormalities accounted for 33.8 and 19.2% of infant deaths in Chile and Cuba, respectively. Discarding infant deaths related to congenital abnormalities, infant mortality rate continued to be higher in Chile than in Cuba (5.19 vs. 3.82 per 1000 live born respectively, OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.221.52). Conclusions: Considering that antenatal diagnosis is widely available in both countries, but abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile, we conclude that eugenic abortion may partially explain the lower infant mortality rate observed in Cuba compared to that observed in Chile.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Abortion, Eugenic/mortality , Congenital Abnormalities/mortality , Infant Mortality , Abortion, Eugenic/legislation & jurisprudence , Chile/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Cuba/epidemiology
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