Applicability of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in older adults in the emergency ward: A pilot validation study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Acutely ill older adults are at higher risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to explore the applicability and accuracy of the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in acutely ill older adults in the emergency ward (EW). METHODS: We performed a retrospective secondary analysis, of an ongoing cohort study, in 165 participants over 65 years of age admitted to the EW of a Brazilian university hospital. Nutrition assessment included anthropometry, the Simplified Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). We diagnosed malnutrition using GLIM criteria, defined by the parallel presence of at least one phenotypic [nonvolitional weight loss (WL), low BMI, low muscle mass (MM)] and one etiologic criterion [reduced food intake or assimilation (RFI), disease burden/inflammation]. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox and logistic regression for data analyses. RESULTS: GLIM criteria, following the MNA-SF screening, classified 50.3% of participants as malnourished, 29.1% of them in a severe stage. Validation of the diagnosis using MNA-FF as a reference showed good accuracy (AUC = 0.84), and moderate sensitivity (76%) and specificity (75.1%). All phenotypic criteria combined with RFI showed the best metrics. Malnutrition showed a trend for an increased risk of transference to intensive care unit (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 0.99, 4.35), and severe malnutrition for in-hospital mortality (HR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.2, 14.9). CONCLUSION: GLIM criteria, following MNA-SF screening, appear to be a feasible approach to diagnose malnutrition in acutely ill older adults in the EW. Nonvolitional WL combined with RFI or acute inflammation were the best components identified and are easily accessible, allowing their potential use in clinical practice.

Retrograde open mesenteric stenting should be considered as the initial approach to acute mesenteric ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: Retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS) is an alternative to traditional bypass in patients who present with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). However, there is a paucity of data comparing outcomes of ROMS with other open surgical approaches. This study represents the largest single-institution experience with ROMS and aims to compare outcomes of ROMS with those of conventional mesenteric bypass. METHODS: All patients who presented with AMI from 2008 to 2019 and who were treated with either ROMS or mesenteric bypass were included in the study. Patient, procedure, and outcome variables were compared. Bypass and ROMS patients were compared using univariate statistics. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients who presented with AMI needing bypass were included in the study; 16 underwent mesenteric bypass, and 18 underwent ROMS. ROMS patients tended to be older than bypass patients and had higher rates of comorbidities. Bypass patients were more likely to have a history of chronic mesenteric symptoms (68.8% vs 27.8%; P = .019). Bypass procedures also took longer than ROMS procedures (302 vs 189 minutes; P < .01). The majority of ROMS procedures were not performed in a hybrid room (77.8%). Within 1 year, one stent thrombosed in a ROMS patient, requiring later mesenteric bypass. In the bypass group, one conduit thrombosed, ultimately resulting in perioperative death, and one bypass anastomosis stenosed, requiring angioplasty. Complication, unanticipated reintervention, and mortality rates were otherwise similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Complication, reintervention, and mortality rates after ROMS are similar to those of mesenteric bypass in the setting of AMI. Given similar postoperative outcomes and ability to perform these procedures in a conventional operating room but with significantly shorter operative times, ROMS should be considered a first-line option in acute situations when the operator is comfortable performing the procedure.

Combination of red blood cell distribution width and body mass index (COR-BMI) predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with different diagnoses?

BACKGROUND: The combination of red blood cell distribution width and body mass index (COR-BMI) is indicated as a new prognostic index of survival in patients with laryngeal cancer. However, the ability of this prediction in other types of cancer or whether its use can be expanded to non-oncological patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of prognosis of in-hospital mortality of the COR-BMI in oncological and non-oncological patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed with all hospitalized patients between 2014 and 2016, totaling 2930 patients, 262 oncological and 2668 non-oncological. The COR-BMI was divided into three classes: 0, RDW ≤ 13.1% and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; 1, RDW ≤ 13.1% and BMI < 18.5 or ≥ 18.5 but < 25 kg/m2 and RDW > 13.1% and BMI ≥ 18.5 but < 25 or BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; and 2, RDW > 13.1% and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. In order to analyze the relationship between COR-BMI and in-hospital mortality in the studied population, the Cox Proportional Hazards Model was used in a multivariate analysis based on a conceptual model. RESULTS: The COR-BMI was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in non-oncological patients (1 versus 0: HR = 3.34; CI = 1.60-6.96, p = 0.001; 2 versus 0: HR = 3.38; CI = 1.22-9.39, p = 0.019). The survival rate of these patients was lower among those with the highest scores on the COR-BMI. This prediction was not found in oncological patients. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the COR-BMI may have its practical use expanded to non-oncological patients as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.

Evolution of incidence, mortality and cost of nontraumatic abdominal emergencies treated in Brasil in a period of nine years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, mortality and cost of non-traumatic abdominal emergencies treated in Brazilian emergency departments. METHODS: This paper used DataSus information from 2008 to 2016 (http://www.tabnet.datasus.gov.br). The number of hospitalizations, costs - AIH length of stay and mortality rates were described in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute diverticulitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, and inflammatory intestinal disease. RESULTS: The disease that had the highest growth in hospitalization was diverticular bowel disease with an increase of 68.2%. For the period of nine years, there were no significant changes in the average length of hospital stay, with the highest increase in gastric and duodenal ulcer with a growth of 15.9%. The mortality rate of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease increased by 95.63%, which is significantly high when compared to the other diseases. All had their costs increased but the one that proportionally had the highest increase in the last nine years was the duodenal and gastric ulcer, with an increase of 85.4%. CONCLUSION: Non-traumatic abdominal emergencies are extremely prevalent. Hence, the importance of having updated and comparative data on the mortality rate, number of hospitalization and cost generated by these diseases to provide better healthcare services in public hospitals.

The burden of acute respiratory infections in Ecuador 2011-2015.

BACKGROUND: Burden of disease studies intend to improve public health decision-making and to measure social and economic impact in population. The objective of this study was to describe the burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Ecuador between 2011 and 2015. METHODS: Five-year period morbidity and mortality data available from national agencies of statistics was analyzed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to acute respiratory infections. Cases and deaths registered were grouped according to their ICD-10 code into three diagnostic groups: Acute upper respiratory infections (J00-J06), Influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18), and Bronchitis and other acute lower respiratory infections (J20-J22, J85, J86). Disability-adjusted life years stratified by diagnostic and age group were calculated using the "DALY" package for R. The productivity loss in monetary terms was estimated using the human capital method. RESULTS: Over the 5-year period studied there were a total of 14.84 million cases of acute respiratory infections, with 17 757 deaths reported (0.12%). The yearly burden of disease ranged between 98 944 to 118 651 disability-adjusted life years, with an estimated average loss of productivity of US$152.16 million (±19.6) per year. Approximately 99% of the burden can be attributed to years life lost due to premature mortality in population under 5 years old and over 60 years-old. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of acute respiratory infections remained steady during the analyzed period. Evidence-based prevention and control policies to tackle acute respiratory infections in Ecuador should focus on the population at extreme ages of life.

Evolution of incidence, mortality and cost of nontraumatic abdominal emergencies treated in Brasil in a period of nine years

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, mortality and cost of non-traumatic abdominal emergencies treated in Brazilian emergency departments. METHODS: This paper used DataSus information from 2008 to 2016 (http://www.tabnet.datasus.gov.br). The number of hospitalizations, costs - AIH length of stay and mortality rates were described in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute diverticulitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, and inflammatory intestinal disease. RESULTS: The disease that had the highest growth in hospitalization was diverticular bowel disease with an increase of 68.2%. For the period of nine years, there were no significant changes in the average length of hospital stay, with the highest increase in gastric and duodenal ulcer with a growth of 15.9%. The mortality rate of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease increased by 95.63%, which is significantly high when compared to the other diseases. All had their costs increased but the one that proportionally had the highest increase in the last nine years was the duodenal and gastric ulcer, with an increase of 85.4%. CONCLUSION: Non-traumatic abdominal emergencies are extremely prevalent. Hence, the importance of having updated and comparative data on the mortality rate, number of hospitalization and cost generated by these diseases to provide better healthcare services in public hospitals.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução da Incidência, mortalidade e custo das urgências abdominais não traumáticas atendidas nos serviços de emergência do Brasil durante o período de nove anos. MÉTODOS: Este trabalho utilizou informações do DataSus de 2008 a 2016, (http://www.tabnet.datasus.gov.br). Foram analisados número de internações, valor médio das internações (AIH), valor total das internações, dias de permanência hospitalar e taxa de mortalidade das seguintes doenças: apendicite aguda, colecistite aguda, pancreatite aguda, diverticulite aguda, úlcera gástrica e duodenal, e doença inflamatória intestinal. RESULTADOS: A doença que teve o maior crescimento do número de internações foi a doença diverticular do intestino, com o valor de 68,2%. Ao longo dos nove anos não houve grandes variações da média de permanência hospitalar, sendo que o maior aumento foi o da úlcera gástrica e duodenal, com crescimento de 15,9%. A taxa de mortalidade da doença por úlcera gástrica e duodenal teve um aumento de 95,63%, consideravelmente significante quando comparada com as outras doenças. Todas tiveram seus valores de AIH aumentados, porém, a que proporcionalmente teve o maior aumento nos últimos nove anos foi a úlcera gástrica e duodenal, com um acréscimo de 85,4%. CONCLUSÃO: As urgências abdominais de origem não traumática são de extrema prevalência, por isso a importância em ter dados atualizados e comparativos sobre a taxa de mortalidade, o número de internações e os custos gerados por essas doenças, para melhor planejamento dos serviços públicos de saúde.

Near Miss: un indicador de calidad en los servicios de obstetricia / NEAR MISS: INDICATOR OF HIGH QUALITY CARE AT OBSTETRICAL SERVICES

Introducción: Near Miss (NM) o complicación materna aguda grave (CMAG), ocurre en una mujer que durante el embarazo, el parto o dentro de los 42 días posteriores a la finalización del embarazo tiene una complicación grave que la lleva a estar cerca de la muerte, pero sobrevive. Representa un mejor indicador de salud a medida que la muerte materna (MM) disminuye. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia de los casos con CMAG, según criterios de la OMS, en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Prof. Dr. Alejandro Posadas desde 1 de agosto de 2014 al 31de julio de 2015. Resultados: Hubieron 3293 nacimientos en el servicio de obstetricia en el periodo de estudio, 20 mujeres presentaron CMAG, con uno o más criterios de elegibilidad de la OMS. Las muertes maternas (MM) en el mismo periodo fueron 4. La incidencia de CMAG fue de 0,6%. El promedio de edad fue de 27 años +/- 7, el 30% (6) eran nulíparas, el 30%(6) fueron derivadas de otra institución. La complicación severa, se presentó en un 75% durante el embarazo. Sus causas fueron: Hemorragia 30% (6), HTA 20% (4), causas respiratorias 20% (4), neurológicas 10%(2), infecciosas 5% (1) y metabólicas 10% (2), HTA y hemorragia 5%(1). La OMS clasifica los criterios de NM para determinar la insuficiencia orgánica en: clínicos, de laboratorio y terapéuticos. El 55% presentó 2 criterios, 35% 1 criterio y 10% los tres criterios. Se finalizó el embarazo en 18 pacientes, por cesárea en el 83,3% (15) y cesárea + histerectomía en 16,6% (3). Dos mujeres continúan con su embarazo. Respecto a los resultados perinatales, hubieron 3 fetos muertos y 1 embarazo gemelar, la EG promedio de los recién nacidos fue de 32+/-5 y la media de peso fue de 1865 +/- 1073 y su mediana de 1620gr (25% 850 y 75% 2535). Se calcularon los siguientes indicadores: Mujeres con enfermedades potencialmente fatales (MEPF): CMAG+MM: 24; Razón de complicaciones maternas agudas graves= CMAG/NV(x 1000 Nacidos Vivos)= 6,1/00; Razón morbilidad materna severa: RMMS: CMAG / MM = 5:1; Índice Mortalidad Materna: IMM: MM / MM +CMAG X100= 16,7% Conclusiones: El análisis de las Complicaciones Maternas Agudas graves podría usarse como indicador de calidad del cuidado materno, mejorando el sistema de vigilancia, con la cual se podría reducir la tasa de Mortalidad Materna

"Near Miss" or severe acute life-threatening maternal complication (SAMC) occurs in woman that during the pregnancy, the delivery or within the 42 days following the end of their pregnancy, has a severe complication that situates her closely to death, but contrarily survives. It represents the best indicator of health according to the decreasement of maternal deaths. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of cases of SAMC according to the WHO,in the Service of Obstetrics from the National Hospital "A. Posadas" between August 1° to July 31st. 2015. Results : there were 3293 deliveries in the Obstetrical Service during the period studied, of whom 20 women presented SAMC, with one or more elegibility criteria of the WHO. Maternal deaths (MD) during the same period reached 4 cases. The incidence of SAMC was 0,6 %. The mean age was 27 years +/- 7, being 30 % nulliparous,and 30 % were derivated from other institution. The severe complication was presented in 75 % during the pregnancy. Their causes were: Hemorrhage 30 % (6), AHT 20% (4), respiratory causes 20% (4), neurological 10% (2), infectious 5% (1) and metabolic 10% (2), AHT and hemorrhagic 5% (1). The WHO classifies NM criteria to determine the organic insufficiency in: clinical, from laboratory and therapeutical. 55% presented 2 criteria, 35 % 1 criterion and 10 % all three criteria.The pregnancy ended in 18 patients, by cesarean section in 83.3% (15) and cesarean + hysterectomy in 16,6% (3). Two women continue with their pregnancy. In relation with the perinatal results, 3 produced a death fetus and in 1 case a twin pregnancy, the mean EG of the newborns was 32+/- and the mean weight was 1865 +/- 1073 and their median was 1620 gr (25% 850 and 75% 2535 ). The following indicators were calculated : Women with potentially fatal diseases 24; (SAMC + MD), Reason of severe acute maternal complications = SAMC/BA (x 1000 Born Alive) = 6,1/00; Reason of severe maternal morbidity RSMM: SAMC/ MM = 5:1; Rate of Maternal Mortality: RMM: MM/MM + SAMC x 100= 16,7%. Conclusions: analysis of the severe acute maternal complications could be used as an indicator of quality for the maternal care, improving the vigilance system, by which the rate of Maternal Mortality could be reduced.

Valor do Strain Bidimensional no Diagnóstico da Miocardite Aguda: Comparação com a Ressonância Cardíaca / The Value of Two-dimensional Strain in the Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fundamento: A miocardite aguda é uma das principais causas de morte súbita em pacientes jovens. A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é um método sensível e não invasivo para detecção de miocardite, mas de alto custo e indisponível na maioria dos centros médicos. O strain bidimensional representa uma nova técnica ecocardiográfica que possibilita a avaliação da deformação miocárdica permitindo a análise da função miocárdica global e regional. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do strain bidimensional em pacientes com diagnóstico de miocardite. Materiais e métodos: Foram estudados prospectivamente pacientes com quadro de miocardite aguda e contratilidade cardíaca normal pela RMC e submetidos à ecocardiografia convencional e strain bidimensional. O miocárdio ventricular foi dividido em 16 segmentos e esses segmentos divididos em dois grupos. Grupo 0: segmento miocárdico normal pela RMC. Grupo 1: segmento miocárdico compatível com miocardite pela RMC. Resultados: Foram avaliados 28 pacientes sendo 82,1% do sexo masculino, com idade de 35,6 ± 8,9 anos. Dos 448 segmentos miocárdicos avaliados, 316 segmentos foram normais (grupo 0) e 132 segmentos (grupo 1) apresentaram diagnóstico de miocardite pela técnica de realce tardio à RMC. A análise do strain bidimensional mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (19,6 ± 2,9 versus 15,4 ± 2,8 p = 0,001), com sensibilidade 75% e especificidade 79% e AUC de 0,86 (IC 95% 0,82 a 0,89). Conclusão: O strain bidimensional pode ser útil na avaliação propedêutica de pacientes com miocardite e contratilidade normal pela RMC e ecocardiografia convencional

Background: Acute myocarditis is one of the most important causes of sudden death in young people. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a sensitive and non-invasive method in myocarditis diagnosis, but it is expensive and unavailable in most medical centers. Speckle tracking strain echocardiography is a new echocardiographic technique that enables the evaluation of myocardial deformation allowing analysis of global and regional myocardial function. Objective: To evaluate the value of speckle tracking strain echocardiography in patients with acute myocarditis and normal wall motion contraction. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied patients with acute myocarditis and normal cardiac contractility by CMR and underwent conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking strain echocardiography. The ventricular myocardium was divided into 16 segments by CMR and echocardiography and separated into two groups: Normal myocardial segment (group 1) myocardial segment compatible with myocarditis (group 1). Results: We evaluated 28 patients (82.1% male), aged 35.6 ± 8.9 years. Of the 448 myocardial segments evaluated, 316 segments were normal (group 0) and 132 segments (group 1) were diagnosed with myocarditis by RMC. Speckle tracking strain echocardiography showed a significant difference between groups (-19.6 ± 2.9 versus -15.4 ± 2.8 p = 0.001), with sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 79% with AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89). Conclusion: Speckle tracking strain echocardiography can be useful in the diagnosis evaluation of patients with myocarditis and normal contractility by CMR and conventional echocardiography

Comparación del índice CIRS-G vs el índice de Charlson en la prediccion de mortalidad al año de hosptalizacion, en la Unidad de Agudos del Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara. Enero-Diciembre 2006 / Comparison of the CIRS-G index vs. the Charlson index in predicting mortality per year of hosptalizacion, in the Unit of Acute of the Service of Geriatrics at the National Hospital Guillermo Almenara. January-December 2006

Introducción: La comorbilidad es un problema frecuente en ancianos hospitalizados, constituye un factor de riesgo de eventos adversos de salud, específicamente mayor mortalidad. El índice de Charlson (lC) es el instrumento de medida de comorbilidad mas utilizado; sin embargo, su habilidad predictiva ha sido cuestionada en favor de otras herramientas como el Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Geriatrics (CIRS-G). EI objetivo del estudio fue establecer las diferencias entre estos dos índices en su capacidad predictiva de mortalidad al año de hospitalización de la unidad de agudos del servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, analítico. Se revisaron historias clínicas de los hospitalizados del 1 de Enero al 31 de Diciembre del 2006. Se obtuvieron datos como edad, sexo, deterioro cognitivo según Pheiffer y deterioro funcional según Katz. Mediante Análisis ROC se estableció la capacidad predictiva de ambos índices. Se usó pruebas paramétricas para establecer diferencias en las variables en función al sexo. Se realizó análisis univariado para establecer variables influyentes y las resultantes pasaron análisis multivariado para establecer su habilidad predictiva independiente. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 128 historias. El promedio de edad fue de 75.84±8.11. La enfermedad índice más frecuente: la enfermedad renal con 19.5 por ciento. 46 por ciento tuvieron deterioro cognitivo. El deterioro funcional fue de 38.3 por ciento, 27.4 por ciento y 34.4 por ciento para ausencia de deterioro, con deterioro previo y deterioro por la hospitalización. La mortalidad al año de hospitalización fue de 41 por ciento (53). El CIRS-G presentó mejor sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y cocientes de probabilidad. En el análisis de regresión logística solo el CIRS-G total, Índice de gravedad y número de categorías con gravedad nivel 3 mostraron habilidad predictiva independiente siendo los OR: 1.27 IC...

Characteristics of the last hospital stay in terminal patients at an acute care hospital in Colombia.

UNLABELLED: In Colombia, most palliative care is provided in acute care hospitals. In those settings, a palliative care approach could be limited because of a disease-oriented approach instead of patient-centered care. PURPOSE: To know the framework of a typical Colombian university hospital that provides palliative care services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective manner, the medical records of deceased patients during 2006 were revisited. RESULTS: Most patients were not treated by palliative care specialists, so curative-oriented treatment were common among these patients. CONCLUSION: In acute hospitals, palliative care teams should participate in the care of patients at the start of treatment.

Age, invasive ventilatory support and outcomes in elderly patients admitted to intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: although advancing age is associated with worse outcomes on mechanically ventilated elderly patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), this relation has not been extensively investigated on patients not requiring invasive ventilatory support. OBJECTIVE: to determine the relationship between age and in-hospital mortality of elderly patients, admitted to ICU, requiring and not requiring invasive ventilatory support. DESIGN: prospective observational cohort study conducted over a period of 11 months. SETTING: medical-surgical ICU at a Brazilian university hospital. SUBJECTS: a total of 840 patients aged 55 years and older were admitted to ICU. METHODS: in-hospital death rates for patients requiring and not requiring invasive ventilatory support were compared across three successive age intervals (55-64; 65-74 and 75 or more years), adjusting for severity of illness using the Acute Physiologic Score. RESULTS: age was strongly correlated with mortality among the invasively ventilated subgroup of patients and the multivariate adjusted odds ratios increased progressively with every age increment (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.01-2.54 for 65-74 years old and OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.58-4.56 for > or =75 years). For the patients not submitted to invasive ventilatory support, age was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 0.99-5.25 for 65-74 years old and OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.82-4.62 for > or =75 years old). CONCLUSIONS: the combination of age and invasive mechanical ventilation is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Age should not be considered as a factor related to in-hospital mortality of elderly patients not requiring invasive ventilatory support in ICU.

Colangite aguda / Cholangitis acute

A colangite é uma afecção do trato biliar com significativa morbi-mortalidade associada. Muitos pacientes com colangite aguda respondem à antibioticoterapia. Entretanto, aqueles com a forma severa ou tóxica da doença usualmente não respondem, necessitando de drenagem biliar de emergência

Morbilidad, mortalidad, índice ocupacional y estadía hospitalaria en servicios de enfermedades diarreicas agudas / Morbidity, mortality, bed occupancy rate and stay length at the services of acute diarrheal diseases

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de la morbilidad, mortalidad, estadía e índice ocupacional del Servicio de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de evaluar su evolución en 23 años (1972-1994). Se observó un incremento de la morbilidad hasta 1984 y luego un descenso progresivo hasta la actualidad. La mortalidad disminuyó progresivamente hasta la ausencia de fallecimientos en los últimos 4 años. El índice ocupacional se mantuvo cerca del 70 porciento en los momentos en que el Servicio contó con 120 y 60 camas, respectivamente, y se redujo aproximadamente al 50 porciento a partir de 1992, cuando la dotación de camas se limitó a 30. La estadía, que era alrededor de 9 días al principio del período, resultó ser de 4 en el último trienio. Se considera que la evolución positiva de tales indicadores se debe a una mejor calidad en el tratamiento de estas enfermedades, y se relacionan algunos de los elementos que lo han hehco posible (AU)

Morbilidad, mortalidad, índice ocupacional y estadía hospitalaria en servicios de enfermedades diarreicas agudas / Morbidity, mortality, bed occupancy rate and stay length at the services of acute diarrheal diseases

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de la morbilidad, mortalidad, estadía e índice ocupacional del Servicio de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de evaluar su evolución en 23 años (1972-1994). Se observó un incremento de la morbilidad hasta 1984 y luego un descenso progresivo hasta la actualidad. La mortalidad disminuyó progresivamente hasta la ausencia de fallecimientos en los últimos 4 años. El índice ocupacional se mantuvo cerca del 70 porciento en los momentos en que el Servicio contó con 120 y 60 camas, respectivamente, y se redujo aproximadamente al 50 porciento a partir de 1992, cuando la dotación de camas se limitó a 30. La estadía, que era alrededor de 9 días al principio del período, resultó ser de 4 en el último trienio. Se considera que la evolución positiva de tales indicadores se debe a una mejor calidad en el tratamiento de estas enfermedades, y se relacionan algunos de los elementos que lo han hehco posible

Nuevas Estrategias en el Manejo de la Pancreatitis Aguda

La pancreatitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio del páncreas con repercusión local y sistémica. La nueva clasificación de la pancreatitis la divide en moderada cuando tiene menos de tres criterios de Ranson y menos de nueve puntos de Apache II y severa cuando tiene más de tres criterios de Ranson y más de nueve puntos de Apache II. La mortalidad en pancreatitis aguda severa oscila del 10 al 60 por ciento según los diferentes reportes. A todo paciente con pancretitis se le realiza ecografía de la vesícula para probar si su origen es biliar, que es la primera causa etiológica y a toda pancreatitis severa se le toma una escanografía dinámica, se mide el grado de necrosis de la glándula y se realiza una punción de las colecciones líquidas o del tejido necrótico para comprobar infección o demostrar que el proceso es estéril. Al paciente con pancreatitis severa asociada a colangitis o ictericia se le realiza colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada más papiloatomíoa en las primeras 48 a 72 h con mejoría de la sobrevida. La pancreatitis severa es manejada en la unidad de cuidado intensivo por un equipo multidisciplinario, con soporte hemodinámico, ventilatorio, nutricional, antibióticos, somatostanina y/o octreotide. Si requiere cirugía se realiza con la técnica del abdomen abierto con necrosectomia y lavados de la cavidad abdominal a través de una malla. La pancreatitis severa continua siendo un reto para los cirujanos y médicos que se ven enfrentados a esta catástrofe intraabdominal

Ileo y críticos ¿ una nueva etiología? / Citric ileus an etiology new?

Se presenta dos casos clínicos quirúrgico, quienes con el antecedente de ingesta de citrícos, presentaron en su posoperatorio de cirugía abdominal. ileos adinámicos severos; uno de los cuales no respondió a ninguno de los tratamientos médicos instaurados llegando hasta la reintervención, falleciendo al 17º día del posoperatorio por insuficiencia renal y acidemia metabólica. Un segundo paciente quien había ingerido un cuarto de naranja, se intervino extrayéndose el fitobezoar; su posoperatorio fue tórpido con ileo adinámico, infección de la herida, fístula enterocutánea, posteriormente eventración siendo necesario 5 meses después reintervenir para colocar malla sintética. La moraleja de esta experiencia es: Tomar en cuenta la ingesta reciente de cítricos cuando se sospecha síndrome de disfuncionalismo intestinal. Evitar el consumo de citrícos en el posoperatorio inmediato de cirugía abdominal

Encefalitis viral aguda / Acute viral encephalitis

La Encefalititis Viral Aguda es una enfermedad relativamente frecuente que representa una fuente importante de morbi-mortalidad, en todo el mundo incluyendo a nuestro país; por haber zonas endémicas algunas virosis adquieren mayor importancia. Las características clínicas pueden ser comunes para casi todas las encefalitis con variantes que dependen del agente infeccioso. En este trabajo se describe las encefalitis producidas por el sarampión, rubéola, parotiditis, encecefalitis equina venezolana, dengue, solo en su forma benigna (no se ha descrito casos autóctonos de dengue hemorrágico), fiebre amarilla y herpes virus. Se describe el cuadro clínico, el método de llegar al diagnóstico y nuevos aportes para su tratamiento.

Plan operativo de EDA/Cólera / Es

Fortalecer las acciones interinstitucionales de lucha contra las EDA/COLERA para reducir la letalidad e influir en la incidencia y dispersión de la enfermedad en el país

Estudo da celularidade do parenquima pulmonar distal em ratos pelo metodo do lavado bronco-alveolar na pancreatite aguda / A study of the distal pulmonary cells obtained by broncho alveolar lavage in rats with acute pancreatitis

Alteracoes celulares do lavado bronco-alveolar (LBA) em ratos com pancreatite aguda necro-hemorragica (PANH) foram estudadas nos tempos de duas e oito horas apos indicao de PANH por injecao de solucao de acido taurocolico a 2,5 por cento no ducto hepatico. Grupo controle-dez ratos, Grupo PANH-nove ratos (2hs) Grupo PANH (8hs)-oito ratos. A comparacao entre os grupos mostrou aumento significativo no numero de Macrofagos/ml, segmentados/ml e linfocitos/ml no LBA (p<0,05). Assim os autores concluem que a PANH aumenta o numero de celulas inflamatorias principalmente dos neutrofilos segmentados no LBA de ratos o que e compativel com uma pneumopatia inflamatoria aguda