ABSTRACT
Phaeohyphomycoses are infections caused by dark-walled dematiaceous fungi. Alternaria and Curvularia are two genera of dematiaceous molds known to cause invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Co-infection with two dematiaceous fungi is rarely reported in the literature. This report describes a case of biopsy proven invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with Alternaria spp. and Curvularia spp. co-infection in a neutropenic host. The infection characteristics, microbiologic findings, and treatment are described.
Subject(s)
Alternaria , Ascomycota , Coinfection , Immunocompromised Host , Neutropenia , Phaeohyphomycosis , Humans , Phaeohyphomycosis/microbiology , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/complications , Phaeohyphomycosis/drug therapy , Coinfection/microbiology , Coinfection/diagnosis , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Neutropenia/complications , Neutropenia/microbiology , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Male , Alternariosis/microbiology , Alternariosis/complications , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Sinusitis/microbiology , Sinusitis/complications , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/complicationsSubject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis , Adult , Alternaria/pathogenicity , Alternariosis/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Nasal Obstruction/microbiology , Olea/microbiology , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Spores, Fungal/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Contamination with the fungus Alternaria spp. is often considered to have originated from laboratory sources, which occasionally causes infection in immunocompromised patients, termed as phaeohyphomycosis. Here, we have reported a case of cutaneous alternariosis caused by Alternaria alternata. This diagnosis was based on microscopic examination and mycological culturing of patient's vesicular lesions, with the use of 5 molecular markers (namely, ITS, ATPase, Actin, rpb2, and tef1) for strain identification. We noted that Alternaria infection caused an increase in the serum level of (1-3)-ß-D-glucan (BG) in the patients. To the best of our knowledge, no such finding has been reported in previously in the literature.
Subject(s)
Alternariosis , beta-Glucans , Alternaria , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunocompromised HostABSTRACT
Alternaria species belong to a group of opportunistic fungi that causes skin infection mainly in immunosuppressed patients. The authors describe two clinically distinct cases of cutaneous alternariosis caused by Alternaria infectoria in patients under prolonged corticosteroid treatment. Additionally, a brief review of published cases in portuguese patients is conducted.
As espécies Alternaria pertencem a um grupo de fungos oportunistas que causam infeções cutâneas, nomeadamente, em doentes imunocomprometidos. Os autores descrevem dois casos clínicos distintos de alternariose cutânea causada por Alternaria infectoria em doentes sob corticoterapia prolongada. Adicionalmente, é também feita uma breve revisão dos casos publicados em doentes portugueses.
Subject(s)
Alternariosis , Dermatomycoses , Phaeohyphomycosis , Alternaria , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Orbital apex syndrome as a result of invasive fungal sinusitis is a disease entity most commonly found in immunocompromised patients. Infectious invasion affecting the orbital apex can have devastating visual and life-threatening consequences. Mucormycosis and Aspergillus species are the most common causes of such infections. Alternaria fungal sinusitis is a known entity, but its ability to cause an orbital apex syndrome has not yet been reported. Here, we present a case of orbital apex syndrome in an immunocompromised patient with invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Alternaria species. The patient underwent sinus washout and placement of an intraorbital catheter for local instillation of amphotericin B for 10 days, in addition to systemic antifungal treatment, with clinical resolution of infection. The use of an intraorbital catheter for local treatment of fungal infection may offer an exenteration-sparing treatment option in these patients.
Subject(s)
Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Eye Infections, Fungal/complications , Orbital Diseases/microbiology , Sinusitis/microbiology , Aged , Alternaria/pathogenicity , Alternariosis/complications , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement/methods , Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology , Follow-Up Studies , Fungemia/diagnostic imaging , Fungemia/microbiology , Fungemia/therapy , Humans , Immunocompromised Host/immunology , Injections, Intralesional , Male , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Diseases/therapy , Risk Assessment , Sinusitis/complications , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Hydroxides/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents/chemistry , Potassium Compounds/chemistry , Tinea/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Alternaria/chemistry , Alternariosis/microbiology , Alternariosis/pathology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hyphae/isolation & purification , Male , Middle Aged , Skin/microbiology , Skin/pathology , Spores, Fungal/chemistry , Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification , Staining and Labeling/methods , Tinea/microbiology , Tinea/pathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Alternaria spp may cause opportunistic mycoses in the skin after cutaneous inoculation or through blood dissemination in immune-suppressed patients. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous infection with Alternaria spp in a 62-year-old man, presenting with multifocal papules and erythematous nodules involving distal limbs bilaterally. The absence of inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed by a gastroenterologist. The patient was under treatment for uveitis of unknown origin with immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporin and prednisolone for approximately 3 months. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, demonstration of fungal elements in skin biopsies and deep fungal culture. Complete clinical remission was achieved by oral and systemic treatment with antifungal drugs. However, because cessation of the immunosuppressive medication was not possible, his clinical history was characterised by multiple flares requiring each time oral and intravenous antifungal treatment.
Subject(s)
Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Immunosuppression Therapy , Administration, Oral , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Alternariosis/etiology , Alternariosis/pathology , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Alternaria and Verruconis are two dematiaceous moulds that occasionally cause disease in immunocompromised hosts. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with history of deceased donor renal transplantation 14 months prior, who presented with fevers and cough. He was found to have right upper lobe pneumonia and a non-healing eschar of his right knee. Dematiaceous fungi grew from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and was sent to reference lab for identification. Meanwhile, the eschar on his right knee was biopsied and grew Alternaria spp. Pathology was consistent with invasive mould infection and he was treated as having disseminated Alternaria infection with voriconazole and amphotericin B lipid complex. Later on, the dematiaceous mould from a BAL specimen was identified as Verruconis gallopava The patient was discharged on voriconazole awaiting minimal inhibitory concentrations for V. gallopava but was readmitted 2 days later with high fevers and died from acute respiratory failure.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Immunocompromised Host , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Kidney Transplantation , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Invasive Fungal Infections/pathology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Knee/microbiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Voriconazole/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Alternariosis , Kidney Transplantation , Lung Transplantation , Phaeohyphomycosis , Postoperative Complications , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/drug therapyABSTRACT
Fungal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) leading to loss of ultrafiltration and discontinuation of PD treatment. The most frequently isolated fungi are Candida albicans and, filamentous fungi such Alternaria alternata species are found only rarely. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed peritonitis due to this black fungus.
Subject(s)
Alternariosis/microbiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/adverse effects , Peritonitis/microbiology , Aged , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Kidney Transplantation , Leg Ulcer/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Wound Infection/diagnosis , Alternariosis/drug therapy , Alternariosis/etiology , Alternariosis/surgery , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Leg Ulcer/etiology , Leg Ulcer/microbiology , Leg Ulcer/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Terbinafine/therapeutic use , Wound Infection/etiology , Wound Infection/microbiology , Wound Infection/surgeryABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Erythema/etiology , Lung Transplantation , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternariosis/diagnosis , BiopsyABSTRACT
Cutaneous alternariosis is a rare condition, caused by an uncommon opportunistic pathogen. The most frequently affected individuals are immunosuppressed patients, e.g., organ transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical manifestations range from local skin lesions to disseminated disease. We present a case report of cutaneous alternariosis in a renal transplant recipient, confirmed by histological examination and molecular means. In addition, a review of the literature was performed.
Subject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternariosis/pathology , Kidney Transplantation , Transplant Recipients , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Microscopy , Molecular Diagnostic TechniquesSubject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Keratitis/microbiology , Aged , Humans , Keratitis/diagnosis , MaleSubject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Immunocompromised Host , Lung Transplantation , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Aged , Alternariosis/etiology , Alternariosis/immunology , Alternariosis/pathology , Humans , Leg , Male , Postoperative Complications/immunology , Postoperative Complications/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Scedosporium apiospermum, which can usually be isolated from soil, polluted stream water and decaying vegetation, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic dematiaceous fungus. The mortality rate of infection in immunocompromised hosts is over 50%. S. apiospermum is commonly responsible for dermal and epidermal infections (i.e., mycetoma) after traumatic penetration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of painful swelling and tenderness on the dorsum of the proximal left wrist and hand. The symptoms had persisted for approximately 2 months. A physical examination revealed a 4 x 3 cm, poorly defined, erythematous papule, which was fluctuant, with pustules and crusts on the dorsum of the left hand. CONCLUSIONS: We report a very rare case of tenosynovitis caused by S. apiospermum infection. We identified the infectious agent via molecular DNA sequencing. The infectious agent was initially misidentified as an Alternaria species by microscopic examination with lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining. The infection was successfully treated with debridement and adjuvant fluconazole therapy.
Subject(s)
DNA, Fungal/genetics , Diagnostic Errors , Hand Joints , Mycoses/diagnosis , Scedosporium/genetics , Tenosynovitis/diagnosis , Aged , Alternaria , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Debridement , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Female , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mycoses/complications , Mycoses/immunology , Mycoses/therapy , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Tenosynovitis/complications , Tenosynovitis/immunology , Tenosynovitis/therapyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/diagnosis , Alternariosis/diagnosis , Alternaria/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Alternariosis/diagnosis , Keratosis/microbiology , Aged , Alternariosis/pathology , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Rhino-sinusal infections are serious diseases and possibly lethal. When they are invasive, we easily discuss apergilloses and mucormycoses. The confirmation of the diagnosis of mucormycosis need an extensive surgery for precise histopathological and mycological evaluation. The pathologist may be faced to other rare mycoses such as phaeohyphomycoses, which present different morphological features than mucormycoses and Aspergillus. Once the diagnosis is established, an appropriate antifungal treatment is quickly started. The aim of our work is to report two observations of phaeohyphomycoses, to describe their histopathological features, to discuss complementary diagnostic methods and to present the main differential diagnoses.