Efecto del catéter de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas / The impact of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula permeability

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que tiene el uso de catéteres de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 195 pacientes, seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir del total de pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) terminal, a quienes se les realizó su primera fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Como variables resultado se consideraron la trombosis de FAV y el tiempo de permeabilidad. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado; RR (IC 95%); curvas Kaplan-Meier; regresión de Cox; considerando un valor de p significativo < 0,05. Resultados: El 52,3% utilizó catéter de hemodiálisis, de los cuales el 49,5% presentó trombosis de su FAV versus el 17,7% del grupo sin este antecedente (p < 0,001); estimándose en el análisis univariado un riesgo de trombosis 2,7 veces mayor en pacientes con catéter previo a la confección de su FAV (IC 95% 1,7 a 4,4). En el análisis multivariado, se identificó como único factor significativo el antecedente de catéter de hemodiálisis, estimándose que los pacientes usuarios de catéter previo a la confección de su FAV tienen 2,8 veces más riesgo de trombosis en el tiempo que quienes no utilizaron catéter (IC 95% 1,6 a 4,9), quienes además presentaron un tiempo de permeabilidad significativamente menor (p < 0,001) en comparación con pacientes sin antecedente de catéter (28,1 vs 43,9 meses). Conclusión: Identificamos el uso del catéter de hemodiálisis como un factor de riesgo de trombosis de fístulas arteriovenosas, afectando significativamente su permeabilidad en el tiempo.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) permeability. Materials and Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including 195 patients randomly selected from all patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure, who had their first arteriovenous fistula between January 2014 and December 2018. The outcomes were arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and permeability. For data analysis we used Chi-square test; Relative-Risk (CI 95%); Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression; p value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The 52.3% of the patients used hemodialysis catheter, from this group, the 49.5% had AVF thrombosis versus the 17.7% of the group without history of hemodialysis catheter (p < 0.001), estimating in the univariate analysis a risk of thrombosis 2.7 times higher in patients with catheter before the creation of their AVF (CI 95% 1.7 a 4.4), as well as, in the multivariate analysis the risk of AVF thrombosis was 2.8 times higher in this group of patients, being identified the history of hemodialysis catheter as the only significative risk factor for thrombosis. Additionally, the AVF permeability time in this group was significantly less (p < 0.001) than patients without history of hemodialysis catheter (28.1 vs 43.9 months). Conclusion: We identified the hemodialysis catheter as a risk factor of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, decreasing significantly its permeability time.

[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in a pediatric patient: a case report]. / Fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares en un paciente pediátrico: un reporte de caso.

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas are congenital malformations due to anomalous direct communication between arteries and veins; the incidence is 2-3 : 100,000 inhabitants. This condition is usually asymptomatic and incidentally appearing in adult imaging findings. Transcutaneous endovascular embolization is the technique of choice for treatment. The unusual presentation in a 10-year-old patient is described; she was presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea, cough, central cyanosis and digital clubbing; chest X-ray with images suggestive of parahilar nodules, arterial blood gases with increased alveolar arterial gradient. The high resolution computed tomography of the thorax revealed pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the right parahilar region not associated with Rendu-Osler- Weber disease. The patient was treated with transcutaneous endovascular embolization, and after a year and a half of follow-up there were no relapses. There are few reported cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in the pediatric age.

Las fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares son malformaciones congénitas dadas por la comunicación directa anómala entre arterias y venas, con una incidencia mundial de 2-3 : 100 000 habitantes. La presentación es, en general, única, asintomática, y aparecen en forma incidental como hallazgo imagenológico en la adultez, y su tratamiento de elección es la embolización endovascular. Se describe la inusual presentación clínica en una paciente de 10 años, que ingresó por disnea, tos, cianosis central y cefalea. Se encontró hipoxemia persistente, hipocratismo digital, nódulos parahiliares pulmonares, gases arteriales con gradiente alvéolo-arterial aumentado. La tomografía axial computarizada de tórax de alta resolución confirmó la presencia de una malformación arteriovenosa pulmonar en la región parahiliar derecha, la cual no se asociaba con la enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber. La paciente fue tratada con embolización endovascular transcutánea. Tras 1,5 años de seguimiento, no hubo recaídas. Son pocos los casos reportados de estas fístulas en la edad pediátrica.

Fístulas arterio-venosas trombosadas para hemodiálisis y su tratamiento / Thrombosed hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistulae and their treatment

Introducción: La trombosis constituye la principal causa de disfunción y pérdida de las fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis. Objetivo: actualizar los aspectos relacionados con los principales tratamientos de las fístulas arterio-venosas trombosadas. Fuente de los datos: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos sobre el tema en la base de dato Medline, artículos publicados en páginas web y revistas líderes en la publicación de estudios sobre fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis. Síntesis de los datos: La trombosis es la complicación más frecuente de las fístulas arterio-venosas, su principal causa lo constituyen los errores técnicos en la trombosis precoz y las estenosis en las tardías. Conclusiones: La repermeabilización precoz de las fístulas arterio-venosas y tratar las estenosis en el mismo acto quirúrgico, es lo que se recomienda. Para tales fines se cuenta con las técnicas quirúrgicas identificadas como el gold standard y las endovasculares, con resultados alentadores(AU)

Introduction: Thrombosis is the most frequent cause of dysfunction and loss of hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistula. Objective: To update knowledge on the epidemiology, the characteristics and the main treatments of the thrombosed hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistulae. Data source: A literature research about the topic was made in Medline, in articles published in different web pages and in leading journals in the publication of studies about hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. Data synthesis: Thrombosis is the most frequent complication of the arteriovenous fistula, being the technical errors the main cause of premature thrombosis and the stenosis in the late thrombosis. Conclusions: It is recommended to use early repermeabilization of the arteriovenuos fistulae and to treat stenosis in the same surgical act; for that purpose the surgical treatment identified as the "standard gold" and the endovascular technique achieve encouraging results(AU)

Pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral asociado a fístula arteriovenosa producido por tornillo de bloqueo distal / Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula caused by distal locking screw Abstract

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula is a complication of endovascular interventional procedures. However, no cases have been described in which both lesions occur as the result of trauma surgery and specifically that they are side effects to the placement of a gamma nail in the femur with a distal locking screw. We describe the case of a patient who presented femoral artery pseudoaneurysm concomitant with arteriovenous fistula, in which there were no suspicious clinical signs. The diagnosis was established using computed tomography, confirmed by arteriography and treated with the placement of metallic coils.

El pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral asociado a fístula arteriovenosa es una complicación de los procedimientos intervencionistas endovasculares. Sin embargo, no se han descrito casos en los que ambas lesiones se produzcan como consecuencia de cirugía traumatológica y, en concreto, que sean secundarias a la colocación de clavo gamma en fémur con tornillo de bloqueo distal. Se describe el caso de una paciente que presentó pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral concomitante con fístula arteriovenosa, en la que no existieron signos clínicos de sospecha. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante tomografía computarizada, se confirmó con arteriografía y se trató mediante la colocación de coils metálicos.

Influência do diabetes mellitus sobre a perviedade da fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálise / The influence of diabetes mellitus on patency of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis

A incapacidade das fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) atenderem aos quesitos mínimos para realização da hemodiálise (HD) corresponde a uma das maiores causas de morbidade nos pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva. Identificar os fatores de risco associados com a falência do acesso vascular é fundamental para o manejo e sucesso da terapia hemodialítica.ObjetivoComparar o tempo médio de patência e a sobrevida das fístulas arteriovenosas realizadas nos pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus com pacientes não portadores de diabetes mellitus (DM) em HD.MétodosTrata-se de um estudo retrospectivo observacional, no qual foram observados os prontuários médicos de todos os pacientes em HD no Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ponta Grossa, no período de fevereiro de 2014. Foram analisados dados clínicos referentes à confecção, manutenção e utilização das FAVs como adjuvante na terapia dialítica, comparando o tempo médio de patência das fístulas em uso para HD, bem como a sobrevida das FAVs ocluídas. Os pacientes selecionados foram divididos em dois grupos para comparação, conforme a presença ou ausência de DM.ResultadosOs indivíduos do Grupo DM apresentaram maior média de idade (59,97 ± 10,12), menor tempo de acompanhamento no serviço de hemodiálise (25,42 ± 21,03 meses), menor tempo médio até a oclusão da fístula arteriovenosa (9,03 ± 11,60 meses) e menor média de sobrevida dos acessos vasculares em 24 meses (50,25%).ConclusõesO estudo concluiu que para os pacientes diabéticos houve um menor tempo médio da patência das FAVs e menor taxa de sobrevida dos acessos em 24 meses.

Failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) to meet the minimum requirements for hemodialysis (HD) is the greatest cause of morbidity in patients on renal replacement therapy. Identifying risk factors associated with failure of vascular access is crucial to management and success of hemodialysis treatment.ObjectiveTo compare mean duration of patency and survival of arteriovenous fistulas created in HD patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of the medical records for all patients on HD at the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ponta Grossa (Brazil) in February 2014. We analyzed clinical data relating to creation, maintenance and use of AVF for dialysis, comparing mean duration of patency of fistulas currently in use for HD and analyzing survival of previously occluded AVFs. Patient data was allocated to one of two groups for analysis, according to presence or absence of DM.ResultsIndividuals in the DM group had higher mean age (59.97 ± 10.12), shorter time on hemodialysis treatment (25.42 ± 3.21 months), lower mean time before occlusion of arteriovenous fistulas (3.09 ± 11.60 months) and a lower mean rate survival of vascular access to 24 months (50.25%).ConclusionsThis study concluded that diabetic patients had shorter mean duration of AVF patency and lower rate of access survival to 24 months.

Embolização de pseudoaneurisma com fístula arteriovenosa de artéria femoral profunda decorrente de ferimento por arma branca: relato de caso / Embolization of pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula of deep femoral artery secondary to a stab wound: case report

As complicações locais de uma lesão arterial penetrante incluem hematoma, pseudoaneurisma e formação de fístula arteriovenosa. A artéria femoral profunda, por sua localização anatômica, é sede infrequente de lesões traumáticas. Relatamos um caso de paciente jovem, vítima de agressão por arma branca em face posterior de coxa, em que foi diagnosticada, tardiamente, lesão de ramo descendente da artéria femoral profunda, sendo então tratada com técnica endovascular. A revisão de literatura corrobora a raridade do caso, sendo a maioria dos casos de lesão traumática de artéria femoral profunda relatada como decorrente de complicação de procedimentos ortopédicos ou fraturas envolvendo o fêmur proximal.

The local complications of penetrating injuries involving arteries include hematoma, pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistulas. Traumatic injuries to the deep femoral artery are uncommon because of its anatomic location. We report the case of a young male patient who was victim of a stab wound to the posterior thigh who was later diagnosed with an injury to the descending branch of the deep femoral artery and treated using endovascular techniques. A review of the literature confirmed the rarity of the case, since the majority of cases of traumatic injuries to the deep femoral artery that have been reported were due to complications during orthopedic procedures or fractures involving the proximal femur.

Traumatic arteriovenous fistula associated to pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery in a child: case report and literature review / Fístula arteriovenosa traumática associada a pseudoaneurisma da artéria temporal superficial em uma criança: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

As fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) e os pseudoaneurismas traumáticos extracranianos são malformações incomuns e, em sua maioria, estão associadas a traumatismo craniano fechado com lesão contusa de forte intensidade. O diagnóstico em geral é clínico, porém o exame de escolha para o diagnóstico definitivo é a angiografia. Nos casos em que a lesão é pequena, é possível abordá-la com embolização via endovascular com sucesso. A excisão cirúrgica, no entanto, ainda é o método de escolha para o tratamento. É relatado um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 9 anos de idade, diagnosticado com FAV, acometendo o ramo frontal da artéria temporal superficial, secundária a trauma craniano contundente ocorrido três anos antes do diagnóstico.

The arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) and the extracranial traumatic pseudoaneurysms are uncommon malformations and in the majority of the cases are associated to closed head trauma with high intensity blunt lesion. The diagnosis is generally clinical, though the exam of choice for definitive diagnosis is an angiography. In minor lesion cases it's possible to successfully approach it with endovas-cular embolization. The surgical excision though, is the method of choice for the treatment. Here is reported a case of a 9-year-old male patient, diagnosed with AVF involving the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery, secondary to blunt head trauma occurred three years before diagnosis.

Histologic identification of prominent intrapulmonary anastomotic vessels in severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prominent intrapulmonary anastomotic vessels (IPAVs) or bronchopulmonary "shunt" vessels can be identified in lungs from infants with fatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN: We performed histology with immunostaining for CD31 (endothelium) and D2-40 (lymphatics), along with high-precision 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction on lung tissue from 9 patients who died with CDH. RESULTS: Each patient with CDH required mechanical ventilation, cardiotonic support, and pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted drug therapy. All patients were diagnosed with severe PH by echocardiography, and 5 received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Death occurred at a median age of 24 days (range, 10-150 days) from refractory hypoxemia with severe PH, pneumonia, or tension pneumothorax. Histology showed decreased alveolarization with pulmonary vascular disease. In each patient, prominent IPAVs were identified as engorged, thin-walled vessels that connected pulmonary veins with microvessels surrounding pulmonary arteries and airways in lungs ipsilateral and contralateral to the CDH. Prominent anastomoses between pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries were noted as well. The 3D reconstruction studies demonstrated that IPAVs connect pulmonary vasculature to systemic (bronchial) vessels both at the arterial and venous side. CONCLUSION: Histology and 3D reconstruction identified prominent bronchopulmonary vascular anastamoses in the lungs of infants who died with severe CDH. We speculate that IPAVs connecting pulmonary and bronchial arteries contribute to refractory hypoxemia in severe CDH.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula based on aortic and inferior vena cava stent-graft placement.

A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA), complicated by an aortocaval fistula (ACF), is usually associated with high morbidity and mortality during open operative repair. We report a case of endovascular treatment of an RAAA with ACF. After accessing both common femoral arteries, a bifurcated aortic stent graft was placed. Subsequently, we accessed the fistula from the right femoral vein and a cava vein angiography showed a persistent massive flow from the cava to the excluded aneurysm sac. We proceeded by covering the fistula with an Excluder aortic stent-graft cuff to prevent pressurization of the aneurysm sac and secondary endoleaks. This procedure is feasible and may reduce the chances of posterior endoleaks.

Endovascular correction of a traumatic internal iliac arteriovenous fistula with a covered stent / Correção endovascular de fístula arteriovenosa traumática em ilíaca interna com stent revestido

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are anomalous communications between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary network. They can be subdivided on the basis of etiology into congenital and acquired fistulae. The latter may be caused by closed or penetrating traumas, or may be iatrogenic injuries. We report on a case of a young adult female gunshot wound victim treated with emergency laparotomy who developed asymmetrical edema of the lower limbs during the late postoperative period. Imaging exams showed the presence of a left internal iliac AVF, treated using endovascular surgery with placement of a covered stent, resulting in total occlusion of arteriovenous communication.

As fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) são comunicações anômalas entre uma artéria e uma veia, sem envolvimento capilar. Segundo sua etiologia, podem ser divididas em congênitas e adquiridas, resultantes de traumas fechados ou penetrantes, e de lesões iatrogênicas. Relatamos o caso de mulher jovem, vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo, submetida à laparotomia de urgência, que evoluiu no pós-operatório tardio com edema assimétrico de membros inferiores. Os exames de imagem demonstraram a presença de fístula arteriovenosa ilíaca interna esquerda, tratada através de cirurgia endovascular com stent revestido, determinando a total oclusão da comunicação arterial e venosa.

[Vascular injury as a complication of knee arthroscopic surgery. Report of two cases and review of the literature]. / Lesión vascular, complicación de la cirugía artroscópica de rodilla. Reporte de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopy of the knee is a surgical performed world-wide considered extremely safe, rates of complication ranging from 0.56 to 8.2%. Vascular complications are even more rare (0.0032%), and generally related to the popliteal artery injury. CLINICAL CASE: We are reporting the cases of two patients who had unsuspected vascular complications after arthroscopy. Both cases presented vascular injuries after elective knee arthroscopy. First case was a patient with thrombosed pseudoaneurysm in the popliteal artery and total section of the popliteal vein, unfortunately the diagnosis was done 72 hrs after knee arthroscopy and finally required amputation, the 2nd case presented popliteal arteriovenous fistula, the diagnosis was done 3 weeks after knee arthroscopy, the patient was successfully treated by resection of the fistula and direct repair of the artery and vein. CONCLUSIONS: Although extremely infrequent, the vascular injury after knee arthroscopy should be remembered as a surgical complication, a low index of suspicion may have caused an unfortunate and untimely delay in diagnosis and treatment with potential risk of leg amputation and death.

Antecedentes: la artroscopia de rodilla es uno de los procedimientos más seguros, con tasas de complicaciones que van de 0.56 a 8.2%. Las complicaciones vasculares son aún más raras (0.0032%) y generalmente se relacionan con lesiones en la arteria poplítea. Casos clínicos: reportamos los casos de dos pacientes con complicaciones no sospechadas de lesiones vasculares post artroscopia. Ambos casos tenían lesión vascular posterior a cirugía electiva de artroscopia de rodilla. El primer caso es el de un paciente con pseudoaneurisma trombosado de la arteria poplítea y sección completa de la vena poplítea, desafortunadamente el diagnóstico se estableció 72 horas después de la artroscopia de rodilla y requirió amputación. El segundo caso tenía una fistula arteriovenosa a nivel poplíteo y se trató exitosamente con desmantelamiento de la fístula y reparación directa de la arteria y la vena. Conclusiones: aunque es extremadamente infrecuente, la lesión vascular postartroscopia de rodilla debe tenerse en mente como una posible complicación postquirúrgica porque su bajo índice de sospecha puede causar una desafortunada e inoportuna demora en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, con un riesgo potencial de amputación de la extremidad y muerte.

Marfan's syndrome: pre-pubertal aortic rupture with left coronary artery aneurysms and fistulas / Síndrome de Marfan: ruptura aórtica prepubertal con fístulas y aneurismas de la arteria coronaria izquierda

Aortic dissection and rupture occur in 20-40% of patients with Marfan's syndrome. This occurs predominantly in the third and fourth decade of life, contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality of this specific group of patients. This is the first known documented case report of pre-pubertal left coronary sinus rupture with left coronary artery aneurysms with fistulous communication to both the superior vena cava and right superior pulmonary vein, presenting with a continuous murmur.

La disección y ruptura aórticas ocurren en 20-40% de los pacientes con el síndrome de Marfan. Esto ocurre predominantemente en la tercera y cuarta décadas de la vida, contribuyendo al aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad de este grupo específico de pacientes. Éste es el primer reporte de un caso documentado conocido de ruptura prepubertal del seno coronario izquierdo con aneurisma de la arteria coronaria izquierda, y comunicación fistulosa tanto con la vena cava superior como con la vena pulmonar superior derecha, acompañada de un soplo continuo.

Aneurisma postanastomótico en fístula arteriovenosa radio-cefálica funcionante: presentación de caso / Postanastomotic aneurysm in functional radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula: a case presentation

La presencia de sintomatología local originada por fístulas arteriovenosas funcionantes en enfermos renales trasplantados es un motivo de consulta al angiólogo y cirujano vascular relativamente frecuente. Dolor o disestesias secundarios a un desarrollo excesivo de la rama venosa de la fístula son, junto al temor al sangrado, los síntomas referidos por los pacientes. Sin embargo, son raros los casos en los que la sintomatología es debida a un aneurisma anastomótico o perianastomótico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente sometido a trasplante renal 5 años atrás que acudía por una tumoración pulsátil situada en la región radial del antebrazo izquierdo, en la zona en que se había realizado una fístula arteriovenosa para diálisis. La exploración clínica y el estudio hemodinámico con eco-Doppler a color demostraron la permeabilidad de la fístula y la existencia de un aneurisma postanastomótico. Se procedió al tratamiento quirúrgico, se eliminó el aneurisma y se tomó la decisión de reconstruir la rama venosa arterializada implicada para mantener permeable el angioacceso por si fuera necesario utilizar en el futuro. Los resultados fueron una revascularización completa del acceso vascular permanente y la desaparición de los síntomas ocasionados por la expansión local del aneurisma.

The presence of local symptomatology originated by funtional arteriovenous fistula in transplanted renal patients, it is a reason for consultation to angiologist and relatively frequent vascular surgeon. Secondary pain or dysesthesias to an excessive development of the fistula venous branch are the symptoms referred by patients. Nevertheless, is not frequent the cases in which the symptoms are due to an anastomotic or perianastomotic aneurysm. It appears a case of a patient submissive to a renal transplant 5 years ago that arrived with a pulsating mass located in the radial region of the left forearm, in the zone in which an arteriovenous fistula for dialysis had been carried out. The clinical exploration and the hemodinamic study with color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated the permeability of the fistula and the existence of a postanastomotic aneurysm. The surgical treatment was carried out, the aneurysm was eliminated and it was taken the decision of reconstructing the arterialized venus branch implied to maintain permeable the angioacces in case it will be necessary to use in the future. The results were a complete revascularization of the permanent vascular access and the disappearance of the symptoms caused by the local expansion of the aneurysm.

Fístula arteriovenosa traumática de arteria temporal superficial: un caso infrecuente / Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery: a rare case

La arteria temporal superficial es particularmente vulnerable al trauma debido a su largo trayecto en el cuero cabelludo y relativa vulnerabilidad sin embargo las fístulas arteriovenosas del cuero cabelludo son una patología infrecuente. Presentamos un caso de una paciente femenina quien 2 años posterior a un trauma lacerante del cuero cabelludo presenta una fístula arteriovenosa traumática de la arteria temporal superficial, tratada de manera exitosa mediante la extirpación quirúrgica, se realiza una revisión de la literatura con respecto a la etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, patogenia, diagnóstico y su tratamiento.

The superficial temporal artery is particularly vulnerable to trauma because of its long journey in the scalp and relative vulnerability butth escalp arteriovenous fistulas arean uncommon finding. We report a case of a female patient who 2 years after a shearing trauma of the scalp has a superficial temporal artery (STA) traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF), treated successfully by surgical removal. We review the literature regarding the etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.