[Results in the medium long term of the reverse shoulder prosthesis in the cuff arthropathy]. / Resultados a mediano plazo de la prótesis invertida en la artropatía de manguito.

INTRODUCTION: the final stage of rotator cuff tear arthropathy generates pain and disability, treatment with reverse shoulder arthroplasty shows in different published studies good rates of pain reduction and improvements in mobility. the objective of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the medium-term results of inverted shoulder replacement at our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospectively, we analyzed 21 patients (23 prosthetics) undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear arthropathy. The average age of patients was 75.21 years The minimum follow-up was 60 months. We analyzed in all preoperative ASES, DASH and CONSTANT patients, and a new functional assessment was made using these same scales at the last follow-up visit. We analyzed pre and postoperative VAS as well as pre and postoperative mobility range. RESULTS: we achieved a statistically significant improvement in all functional scale and pain values (p < 0.001). The ASES scale showed an improvement of 38.91 points (95% CI 30.97-46.84); the 40.89-point CONSTANT scale (95% 34.57-47.21) and the 52.65-point DASH scale (95% 46.31-59.0) p < 0.001. We found an improvement of 5.41 points (95% CI 4.31-6.50) on the VAS scale. We also achieved a statistically significant improvement in flexion values 66.52o to 113.91o degrees; abduction 63.69o to 105.85o degrees at the end of the follow-up. We did not get statistical significance in terms of external rotation but with a tendency to improve in the obtained values; instead in internal rotation we obtained results that showed a tendency to worsen. Complications occurred during follow-up in 14 patients; 11 in relation to notching glenoid, one patient with a chronic infection, one patient with a late infection and one intraoperative fracture of glenoid. CONCLUSIONS: reverse shoulder arthroplasty is an effective treatment of rotator cuff arthropathy. Pain relief and improvement in shoulder flexion and abduction can be expected especially; the gain in rotations is unpredictable.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el estadio final de la artropatía de manguito (AM) genera dolor e invalidez, el tratamiento mediante artroplastía invertida (AI) muestra buenos índices de reducción de dolor y mejoras en movilidad. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar de manera retrospectiva los resultados a mediano plazo de la artroplastía invertida de hombro en nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: retrospectivamente analizamos 21 pacientes (23 prótesis) sometidos a AI con el diagnóstico de AM. La edad media fue de 75.21 años. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 60 meses. Analizamos las escalas ASES, DASH y CONSTANT preoperatorias y en la última visita de seguimiento. Se analizó la escala VAS preoperatoria y postoperatoria y rango de movilidad preoperatoria y postoperatoria. RESULTADOS: mejoraron todas las escalas funcionales y dolor (p < 0.001). ASES en 38.91 puntos (IC 95% 30.97-46.84); CONSTANT en 40.89 puntos (IC 95% 34.57-47.21); DASH en 52.65 puntos (IC 95% 46.31-59.0) p < 0.001; y 5.41 puntos (IC 95% 4.31-6.50) en VAS. Mejoraron con significación estadística la flexión (66.52o a 113.91o); y la abducción (63.69o a 105.85o). No obtuvimos significación estadística en rotación externa ni en rotación interna. Aparecieron complicaciones en 14 pacientes; 11 notching glenoideo, una infección crónica, una infección tardía y una fractura intraoperatoria de glenoides. CONCLUSIONES: la AI de hombro representa una alternativa eficaz para el tratamiento de la AM. Puede esperarse alivio del dolor y una mejoría en la flexión y abducción del hombro; la ganancia en rotaciones es poco predecible.

Two-Year Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Scheker Prosthesis (Aptis) Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of patients who underwent distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty with more than a 23-month follow up. The quantitative outcome variables included the visual analog scale for pain; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE); and Mayo wrist score. The range of motion, grip strength, torque, and lifting capacity were measured at final follow up and compared with that of the nonsurgical extremity. Complications related to the prosthesis were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (mean age 57 years) were assessed at an average 41-month follow up (23-73 months). Fifteen underwent prior hand, wrist, or elbow procedures. Four patients required 5 reoperations. The postoperative median visual analog scale pain score was 0.6 at rest and 2.1 with activity. The median postoperative DASH score was 26.7, PRWE 41, and Mayo wrist score was 65. Upon comparing the supination torque of the operative and intact sides, the operative side was found to average 87% of the intact side on a work simulator and 77% on the simulator's D-ring. Eight of 20 patients had lysis around the collar of the ulnar component (40%), as detected using radiography. Three of 21 (14%) radial plates were malpositioned, with 2 resulting in a fracture. The overall complication rate was 29%. CONCLUSIONS: Distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty using the Scheker prosthesis demonstrated good patient pain scores and the restoration of supination strength. The collar lysis resulted in weaker supination and grip strength. Still, the patients experienced mild levels of pain and moderate disability. A moderate complication rate persisted, as reported by other authors. Accurate radial component placement is important. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Previously Reported Approach Now Used for Temporomandibular Joint Replacement.

Over time, different techniques have been described to obtain broad access to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in order to allow good visibility, minimizing post-operative complications at the same time. Most of these techniques have been very useful to perform joint replacement using custom made prostheses, varying in its extension, aesthetics and functional results. The aim of this study was to present the authors' experience using the Blair approach modified by Fernández in 2015, to replace failed TMJ prostheses, when distortion of the surgical reference points has occurred.

Osteochondroma of mandibular ramus and condylar neck: simultaneous resection and reconstruccion with personalized alloplastic joint prosthesis / Osteocondroma de la rama mandibular y cuello del cóndilo: resección y reconstrucción simultánea con prótesis articular personalizada aloplástica

Osteochondromas are benign osteogenic tumors that can attain great size, which may require resection and additional treatment to restore the jaw's shape and function. In this report, an osteochondroma located on the mandibular ramus and neck of the condyle was resected and reconstructed simultaneously through a total joint replacement. After the surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic and recovers opening and closing ranges, phonation and the masticatory function. The immediate reconstruction after resection is a good alternative to avoid a second operation and the presurgical virtual planning ensures the complete removal of the lesion using cutting guides and covering the entire defect with a customized alloplastic joint prosthesis.

Los osteocondromas son tumores osteogénicos benignos que pueden alcanzar grandes tamaños, los cuales requieren de resección quirúrgica y generalmente de algún tratamiento adicional para restaurar la forma y la función mandibular. En este caso, un osteocondroma localizado en la rama mandibular y el cuello del cóndilo fue reseccionado y reconstruido simultáneamente a través de un reemplazo articular total. Después de la cirugía, el paciente permanece asintomático y recupera los intervalos de apertura y cierre, la fonación y la función masticatoria. La reconstrucción inmediata después de la resección es una buena alternativa para evitar una segunda operación, y la planificación virtual prequirúrgica garantiza la eliminación completa de la lesión utilizando guías de corte y cubriendo todo el defecto con una prótesis articular aloplástica personalizada.

Biomechanical simulation of temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) devices: a scoping review of the finite element method.

The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the use of finite element modeling (FEM) for the evaluation of the biomechanical behavior of temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) devices. An electronic search of online medical and scientific literature database was conducted using selected search terms. The search identified 307 studies, of which 19 were considered relevant to this study. Of the 19 selected studies, 10 (52.6%) investigated the influence of geometry and fixation methods, while two (10.5%) evaluated the behavior of artificial condyle-fossa structures. The TMJR devices assessed in these studies included TMJ Inc. (aka Christensen; 63.2%), Zimmer Biomet (15.7%), Stryker (10.5%), and a theoretical intramedullary condylar component (5.3%); 26.3% of the studies evaluated custom TMJR devices. Such studies provided important data on the distribution of strain and stress through TMJR structural components and surrounding bone by using different software systems and methods. The mean stress values were lower on a custom TMJR condyle-ramus component and the supporting bone than on the stock device. FEM proved to be an accurate and valuable biomechanical simulation tool for studying the current TMJR devices and should be considered a useful tool for the improvement and development of future joint replacement devices.

An unusual osteoma in the mandibular condyle and the successful replacement of the temporomandibular joint with a custom-made prosthesis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: An osteoma is a benign tumor of bone with unknown etiology and is considered rare, mostly restricted to the craniofacial skeleton. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes an uncommon condylar osteoma in a 67 years old white female patient with laterognathism to the left side, limited mouth opening, aesthetic change and pain associated with the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The histopathological examination confirmed osteoma. The lesion was surgically excised and immediate reconstruction was carried out using a custom-made total TMJ prosthesis. The patient has been in follow-up for 2 years, with no symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral total TMJ prosthesis can be considered to replacement of TMJ after osteoma excision with resection of the condyle.

Radial Head Ingrowth Anatomic Implant Versus Smooth Stem Monoblock Implant in Acute Terrible Triad Injury: A Prospective Comparative Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and radiographic findings between patients who received 2 different implants (smooth-stemmed modular implant or an anatomic press-fit implant) on patients with acute terrible triad injuries. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Level II Trauma center, University hospital. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four patients with an isolated terrible triad injury were divided into 2 study groups (n = 17 each) with different sets of radial head implants and followed for 2 years. A total of 14 patients in each group (n = 28) completed the study. INTERVENTION: Group 1 received a smooth-stemmed round modular monopolar implant. Group 2 received an in-growth modular monopolar press-fit anatomic implant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale, Mayo Index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) survey. Radiographs were evaluated for ectopic bone formation and loosening. RESULTS: No difference in clinical outcome when comparing range of motion and functionally scores between groups. Ectopic bone formation occurred equally with implants. Bone formation at the proximal radius under the implant occurred more in group 1 (85.7%), (P = 0.046). Five press-fit stems had radiolucent lines at 2-year follow-up. Two were removed because of symptomatic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term outcomes for both implants showed to be equally effective treatment options. The in vitro biomechanical advantages of anatomic implants do not translate into short-term improved outcomes. Symptomatic aseptic loosening in anatomic implants is common. Bone formation at the proximal radial neck was observed more with smooth-stemmed implants; further studies should assess this findings and clinical implication. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

[Use of silver coating in tumoral prosthetic surgery: influence on infection rate.] / Uso de recubrimientos protésicos de plata en cirugía tumoral: influencia en la tasa de infección.

Introduction: megaprostheses are one of the most widely used treatments in oncological surgery, and one of its major complications is the high rate of infection. Methods: 30 patients underwent implantation of silver-coated Mutars® arthroplasty due to neoplastic disease or periprosthetic fracture. Clinical and analytical monitoring was performed with a minimum of 4 years follow-up. Results: During follow-up 3 infections (10% of patients) were detected, less than publications using non silver-coated prostheses. Conclusion: silver coating in megaprostheses seems to decrease infection rate. Methods: 30 patients underwent implantation of silver-coated Mutars® arthroplasty due to neoplastic disease or periprosthetic fracture. Clinical and analytical monitoring was performed with a minimum of 4 years follow-up. Results: During follow-up 3 infections (10% of patients) were detected, less than publications using non silver-coated prostheses. Conclusion: silver coating in megaprostheses seems to decrease infection rate. Results: During follow-up 3 infections (10% of patients) were detected, less than publications using non silver-coated prostheses. silver coating in megaprostheses seems to decrease infection rate. Conclusion: silver coating in megaprostheses seems to decrease infection rate.

Introducción: Las megaprótesis son uno de los tratamientos más usados en cirugía oncológica, y una de sus mayores complicaciones es la alta tasa de infección. Material y métodos: 30 pacientes fueron sometidos a la implantación de una artroplastia Mutars® con recubrimiento de plata debido a enfermedad neoplásica o fractura periprotésica. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico y analítico de los sujetos con un seguimiento mínimo de 4 años tras la intervención. Resultados: Durante el seguimiento se apreciaron 3 infecciones (10% de los pacientes) en la serie a estudio, cifra inferior a las publicaciones que usan prótesis sin recubrimiento de plata. Conclusión: el recubrimiento de plata en megaprótesis tumorales parece disminuir de la tasa de infección. Conclusión: el recubrimiento de plata en megaprótesis tumorales parece disminuir de la tasa de infección.

Artroplastía de hombro en el medio privado: Análisis de las variables demográficas y de comorbilidad en una muestra de 120 pacientes / Shoulder arthroplasty in the private practice: Analysis of demographics and comorbid conditions in a sample of 120 patients

Objetivo: Describir las variables demográficas de una serie de casos de artroplastía de hombro operadas en un solo hospital y por un solo equipo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 120 artroplastías de hombro de Enero de 2006 a Noviembre del 2014 obteniéndose las variables de edad, género, diagnóstico de base, tipo de prótesis utilizada, comorbilidades, lado afectado, ocupación, tiempo de evolución y cirugías previas. Resultados: 66% de los casos fueron mujeres y 34% hombres, el promedio de edad fue de 66 años y el diagnóstico más frecuente fue la artropatía por desgarro del manguito rotador (30%). La prótesis total de anatomía reversa se realizó en 51% de los casos, seguida por la hemiprótesis en 38%. 70% de la población fue originario del D.F. La hipertensión arterial se presentó en 23% los casos. 36% de los casos tenía antecedentes de cirugías previas. En 40% de los casos la ocupación fue trabajo en el hogar. Conclusión: La artroplastía de hombro es un procedimiento que se realiza con un alto volumen en este centro hospitalario. Nuestra serie reporta un número significativo de casos en donde las variables demográficas obtenidas pueden representar un panorama inicial en la artroplastía de hombro en pacientes mexicanos, y presentar el perfil del paciente candidato a este procedimiento al no contar con registros previos.

Objective: To describe the demographics in a series of shoulder arthroplasty cases operated in a single hospital and by the same surgical team. Material and methods: 120 shoulder arthroplasties performed between January 2006 and November 2014 were included. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, baseline diagnosis, type of prosthesis used, comorbid conditions, involved side, occupation, follow-up time, and surgical history. Results: Females accounted for 66% and males 34%; mean age was 66 years and the most frequent diagnosis was arthropathy resulting from rotator cuff tear (30%). The reverse total shoulder prosthesis was used in 51% of cases, followed by the hemiprosthesis in 38%. Seventy per cent of patients were from the Federal District. Arterial hypertension occurred in 23% of cases; 36% of cases had undergone prior surgery; 40% of cases worked at home. Conclusion: Shoulder arthroplasty is a procedure frequently performed at this hospital. Our case series reports a significant number of cases in which the demographics may give us an overview of shoulder arthroplasty in Mexican patients and describe the characteristics of patients eligible for this procedure, as there are no other registries available.

Concomitant treatment of mandibular ameloblastoma and bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis with bone graft and total joint prostheses.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that can create clinical problems in the masticatory musculature, jaws, occlusion, and other associated structures and is commonly accompanied by inflammatory changes and pain. Many cases of TMJ dysfunction can be managed with nonsurgical therapies, but patients with irreversible TMJ damage may require surgical intervention for repair or reconstruction. Despite various methods of TMJ reconstruction, the patient-fitted total joint prostheses may be the best option to achieve good outcomes. Multicystic ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws that is found most often in the mandible, in the region of the molars, and the ramus. Ameloblastomas usually progress slowly, but are locally invasive and may cause significant morbidity and sometimes death. This report describes a case of concomitant treatment of recurrent mandibular ameloblastoma and severe bilateral TMJ osteoarthritis treated by resection of the tumor, reconstruction with bone grafting, and bilateral TMJ reconstruction in a 63-year-old woman.

[Shoulder arthroplasty in the private practice. Analysis of demographics and comorbid conditions in a sample of 120 patients]. / Artroplastía de hombro en el medio privado. Análisis de las variables demográficas y de comorbilidad en una muestra de 120 pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics in a series of shoulder arthroplasty cases operated in a single hospital and by the same surgical team. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 shoulder arthroplasties performed between January 2006 and November 2014 were included. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, baseline diagnosis, type of prosthesis used, comorbid conditions, involved side, occupation, follow-up time, and surgical history. RESULTS: Females accounted for 66% and males 34%; mean age was 66 years and the most frequent diagnosis was arthropathy resulting from rotator cuff tear (30%). The reverse total shoulder prosthesis was used in 51% of cases, followed by the hemiprosthesis in 38%. Seventy per cent of patients were from the Federal District. Arterial hypertension occurred in 23% of cases; 36% of cases had undergone prior surgery; 40% of cases worked at home. CONCLUSION: Shoulder arthroplasty is a procedure frequently performed at this hospital. Our case series reports a significant number of cases in which the demographics may give us an overview of shoulder arthroplasty in Mexican patients and describe the characteristics of patients eligible for this procedure, as there are no other registries available.

Manejo de la anquilosis temporomandibular postraumática / Management of postraumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis

La anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) es una patología cada vez menos común y generalmente se presenta como la secuela de un trauma. Es una enfermedad extremadamente invalidante que causa problemas en la masticación, la digestión, el habla, la apariencia y la higiene, que limita la capacidad de atención, especialmente en los pacientes en crecimiento, donde también se asocia a deformidades de la mandíbula y maxila, causando asimetría facial. El enfoque terapéutico de la anquilosis postraumática depende fundamentalmente de la edad del paciente, la localización y la magnitud de la fusión. El tratamiento de estos pacientes es controvertido por el alto índice de recidiva y el inconveniente de predecir el crecimiento de la mandíbula y en consecuenica, del maxilar. El objetivo es marcar la necesidad de protocolizar el tratamiento según la edad del paciente, enfatizando la intervención temprana y un acompañamiento integral del individuo. Se debe prestar especial consideración a los niños para garantizar el seguimiento durante el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo, con la intención de disminuir las secuelas de la patología en el desarrollo del macizo craneofacial

Manejo de la anquilosis temporomandibular postraumática / Management of postraumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis

La anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) es una patología cada vez menos común y generalmente se presenta como la secuela de un trauma. Es una enfermedad extremadamente invalidante que causa problemas en la masticación, la digestión, el habla, la apariencia y la higiene, que limita la capacidad de atención, especialmente en los pacientes en crecimiento, donde también se asocia a deformidades de la mandíbula y maxila, causando asimetría facial. El enfoque terapéutico de la anquilosis postraumática depende fundamentalmente de la edad del paciente, la localización y la magnitud de la fusión. El tratamiento de estos pacientes es controvertido por el alto índice de recidiva y el inconveniente de predecir el crecimiento de la mandíbula y en consecuenica, del maxilar. El objetivo es marcar la necesidad de protocolizar el tratamiento según la edad del paciente, enfatizando la intervención temprana y un acompañamiento integral del individuo. Se debe prestar especial consideración a los niños para garantizar el seguimiento durante el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo, con la intención de disminuir las secuelas de la patología en el desarrollo del macizo craneofacial(AU)

Anatomical total shoulder replacement with rotator cuff repair for osteoarthritis of the shoulder.

We assessed the clinical results, radiographic outcomes and complications of patients undergoing total shoulder replacement (TSR) for osteoarthritis with concurrent repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. Between 1996 and 2010, 45 of 932 patients (4.8%) undergoing TSR for osteoarthritis underwent rotator cuff repair. The final study group comprised 33 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (3 months to 13 years). Tears were classified into small (10), medium (14), large (9) or massive (0). On a scale of 1 to 5, pain decreased from a mean of 4.7 to 1.7 (p = < 0.0001), the mean forward elevation improved from 99° to 139° (p = < 0.0001), and the mean external rotation improved from 20° (0° to 75°) to 49° (20° to 80°) (p = < 0.0001). The improvement in elevation was greater in those with a small tear (p = 0.03). Radiographic evidence of instability developed in six patients with medium or large tears, indicating lack of rotator cuff healing. In all, six glenoid components, including one with instability, were radiologically at risk of loosening. Complications were noted in five patients, all with medium or large tears; four of these had symptomatic instability and one sustained a late peri-prosthetic fracture. Four patients (12%) required further surgery, three with instability and one with a peri-prosthetic humeral fracture. Consideration should be given to performing rotator cuff repair for stable shoulders during anatomical TSR, but reverse replacement should be considered for older, less active patients with larger tears.

A ten-year experience and follow-up of three hundred patients fitted with the Biomet/Lorenz Microfixation TMJ replacement system.

The purpose of this paper is to present the postoperative results obtained after full temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction employing the Biomet/Lorenz Microfixation TMJ replacement system (Jacksonville, FL, USA) in 300 patients (201 unilateral, 99 bilateral). Objective data (maximum inter-incisal opening; MIO) and subjective data (function and speech, diet, and pain) were collected preoperatively and at postoperative evaluations performed over a 10-year period (mean 3.5, standard deviation 2.1 years). The MIO measures were obtained using a calliper rule. Subjective data were evaluated using a visual analogue scale with scores ranging from 0 to 5 for each variable. The results were analyzed with the paired t-test (two-sided, α=5%). Each patient showed significant improvements for all of the variables at evaluation on postoperative day 7. The results for MIO, function and speech, and diet, showed improvements at each postoperative evaluation over a maximum of 3 years, with stabilization of the results from the fourth year. Complaints of pain decreased considerably up to the 1-month postoperative evaluation, and no patient reported severe pain at 6 months after surgery. The results presented show that the reconstruction of the TMJ through the installation of the Biomet/Lorenz system prosthesis is a safe and effective option for proper reestablishment of the joint and stomatognathic system function; significant long-term improvements in mandibular range of motion are promoted and pain levels decrease.

[Semiconstrained bipolar implant arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint. Case report]. / Artroplastía de la articulación radiocubital distal con prótesis bipolar semiconstreñida. Reporte de caso.

INTRODUCTION: The distal radioulnar joint is of paramount importance for the proper function of the upper extremity. There is a wide variety of procedures for the treatment of its advanced pathology but none of them is capable of providing a stable load-bearing joint. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 54 year old man who was treated by a semiconstrained bipolar distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty (Aptis) who had a distal radioulnar impingement secondary to a distal ulnar resection (Darrach) previously performed to treat a fracture-dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. CONCLUSION: This case was the first semiconstrained bipolar distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty (Aptis) performed in México. This treatment is capable of providing provides a stable load-bearing joint.

Silicone arthroplasty for chronic proximal interphalangeal joint dislocations.

Chronic dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint pose a significant treatment challenge. Chronically dislocated PIP joints can experience several changes to the articular cartilage including pressure necrosis, degeneration, and the development of secondary incongruence. Moreover, chronic dislocation allows the edema and hemorrhage from soft tissue trauma to develop into collateral ligament fibrosis and inelastic scar formation. Similarly, chronic dislocations associated with a fracture at the base of the middle phalanx can also experience changes in the form of joint incongruency, bony resorption, or malunion formation. Subsequently, these cumulative joint changes prohibit standard open reduction of the PIP joint and can cause significant loss of motion thereby demanding a different approach to restore motion and minimize pain. We propose the use of silicone arthroplasty in the management of chronic dislocations of the PIP joint.