Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis to Sunscreens Containing Oxybenzone in La Plata, Argentina. / Dermatitis por contacto fotoalérgica a protectores solares con oxibenzona en La Plata, Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) to oxybenzone was reported for the first time in 1980. Oxybenzone is the most common photoallergen in the United States and Canada and the fourth most common .in Europe. There are no studies or data on the prevalence of oxybenzone PACD in Argentina. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of photosensitive patients with PACD to oxybenzone. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 35 patients with photosensitivity reactions confirmed by photopatch testing at the Research Center of Hospital Público San Martín in La Plata, Argentina, in 2015 and 2016. RESULTS: PACD was identified in 6 patients (17.14%). Five of these (14.28%) had at least one positive reaction to oxybenzone in the photopatch test; 4 had a reaction at irradiated sites only (5 J/cm2 UVA) and one had a reaction at both irradiated and nonirradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: PACD to sunscreens containing oxybenzone is common and is probably underdiagnosed due to a lack of confirmation by photopatch tests or other diagnostic tools. Sensitization rates vary according to region and are influenced by sunscreen ingredients and variations in the use of sunscreen products, cosmetics, and topical drugs.

Combination of retinyl palmitate and UV-filters: phototoxic risk assessment based on photostability and in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity assays.

This study aimed to assess the phototoxic potential of combined UV-filters and retinyl palmitate (RP) in the presence or not of bemotrizinol (BMTZ), employing photostability and in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity assays. The formulations tested contained octocrylene (OCT), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), benzophenone-3 (BZP-3) and RP (photostable) or octocrylene (OCT), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), avobenzone (AVO) and RP (less photostable). Both formulations were supplemented with bemotrizinol. Photostability was evaluated by exposing, or not, formulations spread on a glass plate to UVA/UVB irradiation. The resulting products were quantified by HPLC analysis. In vitro phototoxicity of UV-filters and combinations were evaluated using 3T3 viable monolayer fibroblast cultures submitted, or not, to irradiation according to OECD TG 432. In vivo photoallergy and photoxicity were assessed by clinical studies (photopatch test). Photostability assays showed that UV-filter bemotrizinol was a better photostabilizer for RP/benzophenone-3 than for RP/avobenzone. The in vitro phototoxicity of the combination RP/avobenzone was reduced by bemotrizinol. Clinical studies did not indicate phototoxic or photoallergenic potentials in all formulations tested. It is concluded that the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test may be considered a supplementary assay in formulation developments, since it can detect chemically unstable and potentially phototoxic combinations. However, extrapolation of in vitro positive results to human photopatch tests may be performed only to a limited extent.

[Akathisia secondary to tolcapone. Report of a case]. / Acatisia secundaria a tolcapone. Reporte de un caso.

The purpose of this work is to report a case of tolcapone-induced akathisia. A 39-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease, Hohen-Yahr IV, Webster 18 points with 10 years within onset, presented lack of clinical response to levodopa-carbidopa, pergolide, selegiline and trihexiphenidyl, showing freezing and wearing-off phenomena and choreic dyskinetic abnormal movements of the upper and lower extremities, during the six months previous to her evaluation. Her hepatic function was normal. Levodopa-carbidopa and selegiline were diminished to add tolcapone, as described elsewhere. During the first three weeks, the patient showed marked clinical improvement of previous complications and sustained improvement during 12.5 weeks. At the 13th week of tolcapone therapy the patient developed constant orofacial, trunk, and superior and lower limb ínvoluntary movements associated to lack of stand still. Laboratory tests showed discrete elevation of oxaloacetic-glutamic transminase, direct bilirrubin, indirect bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. Electroencephalogram and CT scan were normal. Tolcapone therapy was finished, and levodopa-carbidopa, pergolide and selegiline were diminished, procuring the disappearance of akathisia within 72 h.

A fixed drug eruption to Baralgin (dipyrone) tablets.

Dipyrone-induced adverse skin reactions appear within the first seven days of drug administration, and the aetiology is often missed. A patient who regularly consumed dipyrone for dysmenorrhoea is presented. The adverse cutaneous manifestations may be predictive of the occurrence of severe haematological adverse reactions. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) should be documented, and initiation of ADR monitoring units in the Caribbean will be a step in establishing a data base of these events in Caribbean populations.