ABSTRACT
Los micro-ARNs (miARNs) son pequeñas moléculas de ARN no codificante (de aproximadamente 15-25 nucleótidos), que regulan la expresión de genes involucrados en numerosas funciones biológicas, a través de la inhibición o degradación de un ARN mensajero diana. La homeostasis ósea se mantiene por el balance entre la formación osteoblástica y la resorción osteoclástica. La sobreexpresión o inhibición de miARNs específicos afecta la proliferación, diferenciación y actividad de osteoblastos, osteocitos y osteoclastos. Estas acciones son llevadas a cabo modulando la expresión de distintos factores transcripcionales y moléculas de señalización de las vías esenciales para la osteoblastogénesis u osteoclastogénesis. Estos efectos modifican el balance entre la formación y la resorción, determinando cambios en la homeostasis ósea. Esta revisión enumera una serie de miARNs que participan en la homeostasis ósea. Profundizando en el conocimiento de los mecanismos por medio de los cuales los miARNs actúan sobre el hueso, podrían revelarse nuevos usos potenciales futuros, entre los que se encuentran su utilidad como nuevos biomarcadores óseos o como agentes terapéuticos para el tratamiento de trastornos metabólicos óseos, pérdida de masa ósea o enfermedades óseas. (AU)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules (of approximately 1525 nucleotides), which regulate the expression of genes controlling numerous biological functions, through the inhibition or degradation of the target messenger RNA. Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. The overexpression or inhibition of specific miRNAs affects cell proliferation, differentiation and activity of osteoblast, osteocytes and osteoclast. This action is done by modulating the expression of different transcription factors and signaling molecules of the most relevant pathways of osteoblastogenesis or osteoclastogenesis. This effect is able to modify the balance between bone formation and resorption, determining changes in bone homeostasis. The present review is an overview of a series of miRNAs involved in bone homeostasis. An in depth knowledge of the mechanisms by which miRNAs act on bone may reveal potential uses in the future as new bone biomarkers or therapeutic agents for treating metabolic bone disorders, bone loss and bone diseases. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Remodeling , MicroRNAs/therapeutic use , Osteoblasts , Osteoclasts , Osteocytes , Skeleton/metabolism , Bone Diseases/therapy , Bone Resorption/therapy , Biomarkers , MicroRNAs/physiology , Fractures, Bone/prevention & controlABSTRACT
This study evaluated the participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the antiresorptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on an experimental model of inflammatory bone loss in rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups: C (control); EP (experimental periodontitis); EA (C+ EA); EP-EA (EP+ EA in the acupoints LI4, LG11, ST36, ST44); EP - EA-sham (EP+ EA in sham acupoints). For the EP groups, a ligature was placed around the right mandibular first molars at day 1. Sessions of EA or EA-sham were assigned every other day. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percentage of bone area in the furcation area. Immunolabeling patterns in the periodontal tissues and immunofluorescent staining in the trigeminal ganglia and in the trigeminal spinal tract for CB1 and CB2 receptors were performed. It was observed increased bone loss in the furcation in the EP and EP-EA-sham groups, in comparison to the other groups (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Enhanced CB2 immunolabeling was observed in the periodontal tissues in the EP-EA group, when compared to the EP and EP-EA-sham groups (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Increased CB1 immunofluorescent staining was observed in the neural tissues in the EA treated group in comparison with the other groups (pâ¯<â¯0.05), while no expression of CB2 was observed in those regions. Our study showed that in the presence of inflammatory bone disease, EA treatment reduced bone erosion and increased the immunoexpression of CB1 in the neural tissues and CB2 in the periodontal tissues.
Subject(s)
Bone Resorption/immunology , Bone Resorption/therapy , Electroacupuncture , Inflammation/pathology , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/immunology , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/immunology , Animals , Male , Periodontium/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolismABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Arthrodesis/veterinary , Bone Plates/veterinary , Bone Resorption/therapy , Bone Resorption/veterinary , Tarsus, Animal/surgery , ObesityABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Arthrodesis/veterinary , Tarsus, Animal/surgery , Bone Plates/veterinary , Bone Resorption/therapy , Bone Resorption/veterinary , ObesityABSTRACT
Desde os anos 90, os bisfosfonatos (BFs) têm sido utilizados como medicamento no tratamento de doenças ósseas metabólicas e oncológicas. Os BFs e outras terapias antirreabsortivas ósseas continuam a aumentar as preocupações relativas à saúde bucal, particularmente para a terapia com implantes. Durante a desmineralização, o transporte de cálcio-bisfosfonato, ligado através de transcitose efetuada por meio de clastos, induz eventos bioquímicos capazes de iniciar a apoptose. Esse processo de morte natural em que as células morrem por fragmentação estrutural, sem causar fluxo de enzimas ou moléculas que induzem a inflamação minimiza a reabsorção óssea e retarda o processo de remodelação...
Since the 90s, bisphosphonates(BP) have been used as medication totreat metabolic and oncologicalbone diseases. BP and other bone antiresorptive therapies still raise concern about oral health, especially implant therapy. During demineralization, the transportof calcium-bisphosphonate, linked bytranscytosis performed through clasts,induces biochemical events capableof triggering apoptosis. This processof natural death in which cells die bystructure fragmentation without causingflow of enzymes or molecules thatinduce inflammation minimizes boneresorption and slows down the processof remodeling...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bone Remodeling , Dental Implants , Diphosphonates , Oral Health , Bone Resorption/therapyABSTRACT
O propósito deste trabalho é de relatar um caso de reabilitação oral, com ênfase na intrusão dentária, a qual foi parte fundamental do tratamento. Além de promover uma revisão de literatura sobre a eficácia desse tipo de tratamento e seus aspectos biológicos, analisaremos sua viabilidade, limitações, benefícios, técnicas empregadas em pesquisas anteriores, e principalmente, discutiremos sobre a necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar apropriada, e sobre as controvérsias existentes na literatura a respeito desse assunto...
Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Rehabilitation , Tooth Movement Techniques , Bone Resorption/therapy , PeriodontiumABSTRACT
Objetivo: remarcar la importancia del tratamiento multidisciplinario de un diente con reabsorción radicular externa comunicante y compromiso estético. Caso clínico: se informa el tratamiento de un incisivo lateral superior con una reabsorción comunicante en el tercio medio radicular. A tal efecto, se realizó la terapia endodóntica y la obturación intraconducto de la misma con agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA). Veintiséis meses después, debido a un cambio de coloración coronaria, se procedió a la confección de una restauración coronaria de porcelana adherida. Conclusión: en casos marginales como el presente, el empleo de un tratamiento multidisciplinario adecuado constituye el camino apropiado para lograr mantener la función biológica y estética del diente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Esthetics, Dental , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Patient Care Team , Bone Resorption/therapy , Crowns , Dental Porcelain , Root Canal Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: remarcar la importancia del tratamiento multidisciplinario de un diente con reabsorción radicular externa comunicante y compromiso estético. Caso clínico: se informa el tratamiento de un incisivo lateral superior con una reabsorción comunicante en el tercio medio radicular. A tal efecto, se realizó la terapia endodóntica y la obturación intraconducto de la misma con agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA). Veintiséis meses después, debido a un cambio de coloración coronaria, se procedió a la confección de una restauración coronaria de porcelana adherida. Conclusión: en casos marginales como el presente, el empleo de un tratamiento multidisciplinario adecuado constituye el camino apropiado para lograr mantener la función biológica y estética del diente.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Bone Resorption/therapy , Patient Care Team , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Esthetics, Dental , Crowns , Dental Porcelain , Root Canal Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão de literatura acerca do uso de implantes curtos como altrenativa para reabilitação oral, principalmente nas regiões posteriores de mandívula e maxila. Muitos pacientes que apresentam reabsorção óssea severa dos maxilares desejam usar próteses fixas suportadas por implantes...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Bone Resorption/therapy , Dental Prosthesis Design/trends , Mouth RehabilitationABSTRACT
Atualmente os bifosfonatos são medicamentos que possuem elevada prescrição mundial, sendo largamente utilizados no controle de diversas patologias. Esses fármacos são potentes inibidores da reabsorção óssea e ligam-se fortemente ao tecido ósseo...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Jaw Diseases/therapy , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/therapy , Bone Resorption/therapyABSTRACT
Embora eficientes quanto ao aspecto estético, as técnicas de clareamento endógeno ainda apresentam graus variáveis de toxidade e muitas vezes podem levar ao desenvolvimento de reabsorção cervical inflamatória. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a resposta imune aos efeitos da aplicação de agentes clareadores tradicionalmente utilizados na clínica, assim como os de agentes reparadores utilizados no tratamento destas alterações. Inoculou-se, os agentes clareadores, perborato de sódio misturado ao peróxido de hidrogênio...
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Tooth Bleaching Agents/administration & dosage , Osteoclasts , Peroxides/administration & dosage , Root Resorption/chemically induced , Immunity, Mucosal , Bone Resorption/therapyABSTRACT
A Doença de Paget é caracterizada pelo aumento irregular do volume ósseo através de ações celulares específicas. Foi relatada inicialmente na década de 70 e seu diagnóstico evoluiu com o advento de novas tecnologias e maior abrangência de exames complementares...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Implants/adverse effects , Osteitis Deformans/therapy , Bone Resorption/therapy , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Osteonecrosis/therapyABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 71 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de doença de Paget óssea sacral. Foi realizado estudo com radiografia, cintilografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, e o diagnóstico foi confirmado por análise histopatológica. O paciente evoluiu com boa resposta ao uso de ibandronato 150 mg, mensalmente, com redução significativa dos marcadores bioquímicos da doença.
The authors report a case of a 71-year-old male patient diagnosed with Paget's disease of sacrum. Imaging study was performed with radiography, scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. The patient progressed with a good response to monthly treatment with ibandronate 150 mg, presenting a significant reduction in biochemical markers of disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Bone Resorption , Osteitis Deformans , Osteitis Deformans/diagnosis , Osteitis Deformans , Bone Resorption/therapy , Sacrum/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes infectados pelo HIV apresentam osteoporose ou osteopenia densitométrica numa taxa de 28 a 50 por cento. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar alterações na taxa de reabsorção/formação destes pacientes. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos controlados que avaliaram a associação entre osteopenia e/ou alterações no metabolismo ósseo com a infecção pelo HIV. Todos os estudos que incluíam osteocalcina ou NTX com marcadores respectivos de formação e reabsorção ósseos foram incuidos. Cinco estudos foram classificados como evidência classe III e envolveram 456 indivíduos HIV positivos e 590 controles. O NTX teve aumento significante (p < 0.00014) no grupo HIV-positivo, enquanto osteocalcina não se mostrou alterada. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo permite concluir que, durante a infecção pelo HIV, o marcador NTX está significantemente elevado, refletido alta atividade reabsortiva no tecido ósseo. Isto aponta um papel importante na atividade osteoclástica na perda óssea de pacientes HIV-positivos.
INTRODUCTION: HIV-infected patients show osteoporosis or densitometric osteopenia at a rate of 28-50 percent. The objective of this study is to check the changes on reabsorption/ development rates on these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out with meta-analysis of controlled studies assessing the correlation between osteopenia and/ or bone metabolism changes with HIV infection. All studies including osteocalcin or NTX with corresponding markers of bone development and reabsorption were included. Five studies were classified as class-III evidence, and involved 456 HIV-positive individuals and 590 controls. NTX had a significant increase (p < 0.00014) on the HIV-positive group, while osteocalcin has shown to be unchanged. CONCLUSION: This study allows us to conclude that, during HIV infection, the NTX marker is significantly high, reflecting a high reabsorptive activity on the bone tissue. This suggests an important role on osteoclastic activity in bone loss for HIV-positive patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/therapy , HIV , HIV Infections/complications , Bone Resorption/therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , OsteocalcinABSTRACT
El aflojamiento de los componentes cementados o no en artroplastia primaria de cadera siempre va acompañado de pérdida de la reserva ósea del paciente. Hay muchas opciones para la reconstrucción de los defectos acetabulares y femorales. Presentamos nuestros primeros resultados en reconstrucción acetabular de 31 pacientes con 33 caderas dolorosas secuela de cirugía anterior que ingreseron a nuestra Unidad de Cirugía de Artritis entre Febrero 1997 y Mayo 2002. En el promedio de edad fue de 56.8 (26-92) años. El sexo predominante fue el masculino 1,3:1 femenino. La cadera más afecta fue la derecha. La etiología más frecuente fue el Aflojamiento Aséptico de Artroplastia total de Cadera Cementada 45.45 por ciento (15). Los defectos acetabulares no contenidos menor del 50 por ciento del acetábulo, 39.40 por ciento (13). El procedimiento quirúrgico más empleado para la reconstrucción acetabular fue la Mega copa 30.30 por ciento (10) y el Techo de Reconstrucción 27.28 por ciento (9). Utilizamos el injerto morselizado compactado en todos los casos y necesitamos de aloinjerto estructural en el 6.06 por ciento (2) casos. Tuvimos 23.33 por ciento (7) de complicaciones post quirúrgicas. El seguimiento fue en promedio de 24.5 (1.5-63) meses. El alivio del dolor se obtuvo en el 93.54 por ciento (29) casos. Hasta los momentos no hemos tenido tasa de reoperación por causa de falla acetabular.