Identifying the incidence of respiratory complications following diaphragmatic cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: In patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), the incidence of respiratory complications following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is not well established. We aimed to describe the center-specific incidence and patient characteristics associated with respiratory complications following CRS and HIPEC in patients receiving treatment for PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the University Hospital of Arrixaca study database to identify patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for PC. Patients who experienced a post-operative respiratory complication were categorized according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Multivariable regression methods were used to identify independent risk factors for developing a respiratory complication following CRS and HIPEC. RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2017, we identified 247 patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for PC. A total of eight patients (3.2%) were categorized as having a post-operative respiratory complication. A diaphragmatic peritonectomy and a PC index of > 14 were identified as independent risk factors for developing a respiratory complication. Radiographic evidence of a pleural effusion was identified in 72 patients who had CRS of the diaphragmatic peritoneum; however, only 6 (8.3%) of these patients required pleural drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Only 3.2% of patients developed a symptomatic respiratory complication following CRS and HIPEC. A pleural effusion was identified in almost all patients requiring a diaphragmatic peritonectomy as part of their CRS; however, less than one in ten of these patients required pleural drainage. Prophylactic insertion of a pleural drainage tube is, therefore, not indicated following CRS and HIPEC.

Quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal transoperatória: o que a enfermagem precisa saber / Intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: what nurses should know / Quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatória: qué necesita saber la enfermería

Objetivo: apresentar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal transoperatória no tratamento da carcinomatose peritoneal e os cuidados de enfermagem pós-operatórios para pacientes submetidos a essa terapia. Métodos: apresentam-se aspectos técnicos da quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal transoperatória, suas complicações potenciais e cuidados de enfermagem pós-operatórios envolvidos. Resultados: destaca-se a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem, quais sejam: monitorar sinais vitais, perfusão periférica, débito cardíaco e pressão venosa central; avaliar dor; encorajar tosse e realização de exercícios de respiração profunda; registrar drenagem de ferida operatória e drenos; investigar ruídos intestinais; medir volume residual gástrico; promover mudanças de decúbito; avaliar resultados laboratoriais de exames sanguíneos; instituir balanço hídrico e; aferir peso corporal. Conclusão: a quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal transoperatória é terapia promissora no tratamento de pacientes com carcinomatose peritoneal. Entretanto, para ser bem-sucedida, a prestação de cuidados de enfermagem é fundamental.

Objective: to present the current state of scientific knowledge about intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, and postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing this therapy. Methods: the study describes technical aspects of intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the potential complications and post-operative nursing care involved. Results: emphasis was placed on the importance of nursing care, viz.: monitoring of vital signs, peripheral perfusion, cardiac output, and central venous pressure; pain assessment; encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises; recording drainage of surgical wound and drains; investigating bowel sounds; measuring gastric residual volume; ensuring change of decubitus; evaluating laboratory blood test results; establishing water balance; and measuring body weight. Conclusion: intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been shown to be a promising therapy in treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, to be successful, the nursing care provided is fundamental.

Objetivo: presentar el estado del conocimiento científico sobre quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatoria en el tratamiento de la carcinomatosis peritoneal y los cuidados de enfermería posoperatorios para pacientes sometidos a ella. Métodos: se presentan aspectos técnicos de la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatoria, sus complicaciones potenciales y cuidados de enfermería posoperatorios involucrados. Resultados: se destaca la importancia de los cuidados de enfermería: monitorear señales vitales, perfusión periférica, débito cardíaco, presión venosa central; evaluar dolor; estimular la tos y realización de ejercicios de respiración profunda; registrar drenaje de herida operatoria y drenes; investigar ruidos intestinales; medir volumen residual gástrico; promover cambios de decúbito; evaluar resultados de análisis de sangre en laboratorio; establecer balance hídrico; verificar peso corporal. Conclusión: la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatoria es terapia prometedora en el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal. Sin embargo, para ser exitosa, la prestación de cuidados de enfermería es fundamental.

Isolated limb infusion with hyperthermia and chemotherapy for advanced limb malignancy: factors influencing toxicity.

BACKGROUND: The isolated limb infusion (ILI) technique is a simpler and less invasive alternative to isolated limb perfusion, which allows regional administration of high-dose chemotherapy to patients with advanced melanoma and other malignancies restricted to a limb. METHODS: Patients from two institutions, treated by ILI between 1998 and 2009 for extensive disease restricted to a limb, were included. The cohort included 31 patients with melanoma who presented with in-transit metastases or an extensive primary lesion, one patient with squamous cell carcinoma and another with epithelioid sarcoma not suitable for local surgical treatment. RESULTS: A complete response was achieved in 26.3% of patients and a partial response in 52.6%. Toxicity was assessed according to the Wieberdink limb toxicity scale. Grade II toxicity was noted in 39.5% of patients, grade III in 50% and grade IV in 10.5%. Toxicity was correlated with the results of a number of clinical and laboratory tests. The toxicity of melphalan and actinomycin D was dose-dependent. For melphalan, the relationship between toxicity and mean dose was as follows: grade II--34.7 mg; grades III and IV--47.5 mg (P = 0.012). The relationship between toxicity and maximum serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was as follows: grade II--431.5 U/L; grades III and IV--3228 U/L (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Toxicity after ILI is dose-dependent and serum CPK correlates with toxicity.

Isolated limb perfusion with hyperthermia and chemotherapy: predictive factors for regional toxicity.

OBJECTIVE: Isolated limb perfusion combined with melphalan is an accepted treatment for obtaining locoregional control in advanced melanoma of the extremities and other malignant neoplasias restricted to the limb. This study aims to examine the factors associated with toxicity caused by the regional method. We considered the technical aspects of severe complications associated with the procedure in an attempt to diminish the patient morbidity that occurs during the learning curve. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the records of patients who underwent perfusion at the AC Camargo Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil between January 2000 and January 2009. The Wieberdink scale was applied to classify local toxicity and its relation to clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS: Fifty-eight perfusions were performed in 55 patients. Most patients (86.2%) presented a toxicity level between I and III. Grade V toxicity was seen in five cases (8.6%), four of which occurred in the first 2 years. Creatine phosphokinase, an important predictive factor for toxicity, had an average value of 231.8 for toxicity grades I-III and 1286.2 for toxicity grades IV-V (p = 0.001). There was a relationship between the melphalan dose and toxicity, which was 77 mg (25 to 130 mg) for toxicity grades I-II and 93.5 mg (45 to 120 mg) for toxicity grades IV-V (p = 0.0204). CONCLUSION: It is possible to prevent the toxicity associated with melphalan by adjusting the dose according to the patient's body weight (especially for women and obese patients) and the creatine phosphokinase values in the postoperative period.

Isolated limb perfusion with hyperthermia and chemotherapy: predictive factors for regional toxicity

OBJECTIVE: Isolated limb perfusion combined with melphalan is an accepted treatment for obtaining locoregional control in advanced melanoma of the extremities and other malignant neoplasias restricted to the limb. This study aims to examine the factors associated with toxicity caused by the regional method. We considered the technical aspects of severe complications associated with the procedure in an attempt to diminish the patient morbidity that occurs during the learning curve. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the records of patients who underwent perfusion at the AC Camargo Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil between January 2000 and January 2009. The Wieberdink scale was applied to classify local toxicity and its relation to clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS: Fifty-eight perfusions were performed in 55 patients. Most patients (86.2%) presented a toxicity level between I and III. Grade V toxicity was seen in five cases (8.6%), four of which occurred in the first 2 years. Creatine phosphokinase, an important predictive factor for toxicity, had an average value of 231.8 for toxicity grades I-III and 1286.2 for toxicity grades IV-V (p = 0.001). There was a relationship between the melphalan dose and toxicity, which was 77 mg (25 to 130 mg) for toxicity grades I-II and 93.5 mg (45 to 120 mg) for toxicity grades IV-V (p = 0.0204). CONCLUSION: It is possible to prevent the toxicity associated with melphalan by adjusting the dose according to the patient's body weight (especially for women and obese patients) and the creatine phosphokinase values in the postoperative period.

A atividade da equipe de enfermagem e os riscos relacionados à exposição a quimioterápicos antineoplásicos no setor de oncologia de um hospital público do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Activity of the nursing staff and the risks related to exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the cancer ward of a hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro

A atividade de administração de quimioterápicos antineoplásicos foi analisada neste estudo com o objetivo de abordar as relações entre as situações de trabalho e os riscosrelacionados à exposição aos referidos fármacos, bem como analisar alternativas que pudessem reduzir esta exposição. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, combinou-se análise documental, observações das atividades da equipe (gerais e sistemáticas) eentrevistas com oito trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital público do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram utilizados referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da Ergonomia daAtividade, segundo os quais as entrevistas com os trabalhadores devem contribuir para elucidar o que foi observado. Assim, as crônicas das atividades, construídas a partir dasobservações sistemáticas foram analisadas com o auxílio das verbalizações sobre os diferentes aspectos do problema. Verificou-se que a realização de atendimentossimultâneos é uma característica central desta atividade, mas afeta a qualidade da assistência e a saúde/segurança dos trabalhadores em determinados momentos. Há também fatores extrínsecos que interferem fortemente no desenvolvimento da atividadede administração de QA’s com implicações para a saúde/segurança dos trabalhadores, tais como: espaço físico incompatível com a variação do fluxo, atendimento a pacientes de outros setores, dificuldade de interação com a equipe médica, não disponibilidade de serviços de Psicologia, Assistência Social e Nutrição no setor de oncologia e qualidade insatisfatória de alguns materiais e mobiliários disponibilizados. No que tange à exposição aos quimioterápicos, uma situação que se mostrou crítica foi o modo defornecimento de quimioterápicos antineoplásicos pela Farmácia...