Gastrointestinal disorders in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is the most common human chromosomal disorder. Among clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of gastrointestinal system alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic during a 10-year follow-up period. Data from medical files were retrospectively reviewed from 1,207 patients. Gastrointestinal changes occurred in 612 (50.7%). The most prevalent disorder was chronic intestinal constipation. Intestinal parasite occurred in 22% (mainly giardiasis), gastroesophageal reflux disease in 14%, digestive tract malformations occurred in 5%: 13 cases of duodenal atresia, 8 of imperforate anus, 4 annular pancreases, 2 congenital megacolon, 2 esophageal atresias, 2 esophageal compression by anomalous subclavian and 1 case of duodenal membrane. We had 38/1,207 (3.1%) patients with difficulty in sucking and only three with dysphagia that resolved before the second year of life. Peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, and biliary lithiasis were less prevalent with 3% each. Awareness of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders promotes outstanding clinical follow-up as well as adequate development and greater quality of life for patients with Down syndrome and their families.

Interrelation between functional constipation and domestic violence / Inter-relação entre constipação intestinal funcional e violência doméstica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional disorders of the digestive system are often related to various forms of abuse and the integral approach of the problem requires a multidisciplinary network. The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the prevalence of domestic violence in adults with functional constipation and to identify the services and standards available to care for the victims. Methodology: The study was developed in two complementary parts. Part I: A cross-sectional study, which evaluated the prevalence of domestic violence in patients attended in the coloproctology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Materno-infantil Presidente Vargas, from September to December 2016. Part II: A narrative review, with bibliographical and documentary research that sought to identify the services and norms available in Brazil to assist victims of domestic violence. Results: 146 women were evaluated, 42 of whom had FC and, of these, 26 had a history of domestic violence (p = 0.007), with an Odds Ratio of 2.71 (CI95% O: 1.29-5.67). A network of services has been identified to assist victims of violence, the Network of Attention to Violence, formed by the health services, social assistance, public security, justice, human rights, and organized civil society. However, a standard system for the operation of this network has not been identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of domestic violence in women with functional constipation is high and a careful investigation of this possible interrelationship in clinical practice is suggested. Besides that, it is necessary to promote an integration of the Network of Attention to Violence, in order to offer integral care to the victims and a best utilization of the resources.

RESUMO Introdução: Os distúrbios funcionais do aparelho digestivo são frequentemente relacionados a diversas formas de abuso e a abordagem integral do problema requer uma rede multidisciplinar de cuidados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a prevalência de violência doméstica em adultos portadores de constipação intestinal funcional e identificar os serviços e normas disponíveis para atender as vítimas. Metodologia: O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas partes complementares. Parte I: estudo transversal, que avaliou a prevalência de violência doméstica em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de coloproctologia do Hospital Materno-infantil Presidente Vargas, de setembro a dezembro de 2016. Parte II: revisão narrativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que buscou identificar os serviços e normas disponíveis para atender vítimas de violência doméstica no Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 146 mulheres, sendo 42 portadoras de CIF e, destas, 26 tinham histórico de violência doméstica (p = 0,007), com Odds Ratio de 2,71 (IC95% OR: 1,29-5,67). Foi identificada uma rede de serviços para atender vítimas de violência, a Rede de Atenção à Violência, formada pelos serviços de saúde, assistência social, segurança pública, justiça, direitos humanos e sociedade civil organizada. Porém, não foi identificada uma norma sistematizada de funcionamento dessa rede. Conclusão: A prevalência de violência doméstica em mulheres portadoras de constipação intestinal funcional é elevada e sugere-se a investigação cuidadosa dessa possível inter-relação na prática clínica. Além disso, é necessário promover a integração da Rede de Atenção à Violência, a fim de oferecer um atendimento integral às vítimas e melhor utilização dos recursos.

Clinical impact of bowel symptoms in women with pelvic floor disorders.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the POP-Q Bp point and the perineal body (Pb) and genital hiatus (Gh) measurements and constipation, anal incontinence, severity of symptoms and quality of life. METHODS: The patients were distributed into two groups according to the posterior vaginal wall Bp point: one group with Bp ≤-1 (without posterior vaginal wall prolapse, control group) and the other group with Bp ≥0 (with posterior vaginal wall prolapse, case group). Demographic data, defecatory dysfunction and SF-36 scores were compared between the groups. Correlations between severity of posterior prolapse (Bp, Gh, Pb and Gh + Pb) and severity of bowel symptoms were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 613 women were evaluated, of whom 174 were included, 69 (39.7%) in the control group and 105 (60.3%) in the case group. The groups were similar in terms of anal incontinence, fecal urgency and/or constipation. There was no correlation between the severity of constipation and anal incontinence according to the Wexner score, and the severity of posterior vaginal wall prolapse measured in terms of point Bp. There were, however, statistically significant differences in Pb, Gh and Gh + Pb between the groups. The Pb and Gh + Pb measurements were positively correlated with symptoms of constipation, as well as with the scores of some SF-36 domains, but were not correlated with anal incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the severity of posterior vaginal wall prolapse is not correlated with constipation or anal incontinence, but Pb and Gh + Pb measurements are correlated with constipation and SF-36 scores.

Dienogest and deep infiltrating endometriosis: The remission of symptoms is not related to endometriosis nodule remission.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of dienogest in controlling pain caused by deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), its influence on the quality of live (QoL) of women affected by the disease, and the effect of the drug on the volume of endometriotic lesions. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study including 30 women with a sonographic diagnosis of DIE (intestinal and posterior fornix) treated with dienogest 2mg per day for 12 months. We evaluated the pain symptoms and the volume of the intestinal and posterior fornix lesions before and after 12 months of use of dienogest. To perform the statistical analysis, we used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the relationship between the data was tested using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Women were on average 36.13±6.24years old. Pain symptoms most commonly reported were dyspareunia (83.3%), dysmenorrhea (73.3%), and pelvic pain (66.7%). After 12 months of treatment with dienogest, there was significant improvement of various symptoms (dyspareunia p=0.0093, dysmenorrhea p<0.0001; pelvic pain p=0.0007; and bowel pain p<0.0001), without a reduction in the volume of endometriotic nodules. There were significant improvements in the parameters that comprise the QoL (physical p<0.0001; p=0.0007 psychological) and the self-assessment of QoL (p=0.0069) and health (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Dienogest is an effective medication to control symptoms of pain related to DIE, even without reducing the volume of DIE nodules.

Apex technique in the treatment of obstructed defecation syndrome associated with rectal intussusception and full rectal mucosa prolapse.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the use of a modified stapling technique, called the apex technique, to treat rectal intussusception and full rectal mucosal prolapse. It was conducted as a retrospective study at 3 centers (2 in Brazil and 1 in Chile). TECHNIQUE: The apex technique is performed by using a HEM/EEA-33 stapler. A pursestring suture is placed at the apex of the prolapse, on the 4 quadrants, independent of the distance to the dentate line. A second pursestring is then placed to define the band of rectal mucosa to be symmetrically resected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included width of the resected full-thickness rectal wall; the intensity of postoperative pain on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10; full mucosal prolapse and rectal intussusception assessed by physical examination, cinedefecography, or echodefecography; and change in the constipation scale. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (30 women/15 men; mean age, 59.5 years) with rectal intussusception and full mucosal prolapse were included. The median operative time was 17 (range, 15-30) minutes. Bleeding after stapler fire requiring manual suture occurred in 3 patients (6.7%); 25 (55.6%) patients reported having no postoperative pain. Hospital stay was 24 hours. The mean width of the resected rectal wall was 5.9 (range, 5.0-7.5) cm. Stricture at the staple line was seen in 4 patients, of whom 1 required dilation under anesthesia. The median follow-up time was 120 (range, 90-120) days. A small residual prolapse was identified in 6 (13.3%) patients. Imaging demonstrated complete disappearance of rectal intussusception in all patients, and the mean postoperative constipation score decreased from 13 (range, 8-15) to 5 (range, 3-7). CONCLUSIONS: The apex technique appears to be a safe, quickly performed, and low-cost method for the treatment of rectal intussusception. In this series, imaging examinations showed the disappearance of rectal intussusception, and a significant decrease in constipation score suggested improvement in functional outcomes.

Náuseas, vómitos, diarrea, estreñimiento e hiporexia en la alimentación del niño con cáncer / Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and decreased appetite in feeding the child with cancer

Entre las manifestaciones digestivas que se presentan en el tratamiento del niño con cáncer, bien sea por la quimioterapia, la radioterapia, los medicamentos subyacentes a estas terapias o a la misma enfermedad per sé, se encuentran las náuseas, los vómitos, la diarrea, el estreñimiento y la disminución del apetito. Todos ellos, junto con la pérdida de la actividad física y los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios, pueden conllevar a malnutrición. Es necesario así entonces realizar algunas sugerencias preventivas nutricionales y de puericultura, para evitar la morbilidad secundaria a ello.

Among the digestive symptoms that occur in the treatment of children with cancer, either gy chemotherapy, radiotherapy, drug therapy or underlying these the same disease per se, include nausea, vomiting, diarrea, constipation and the decline and loss of appetite. They, along with the loss of physycal activit and changes in eating habits, can lead to malnutrition. Need and then make some suggestions preventive nutrition and childcare, to avoid the morbidity secondary to it.

Reduced population of interstitial cells of Cajal in Chagasic megacolon.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Chagasic megacolon, there is a reduction in the population of interstitial cells of Cajal. It was aimed to evaluate density of Cajal cells in the resected colon of Chagasic patients compared to control patients and to verify possible association between preoperative and postoperative bowel function of megacolon patients and cell count. METHODOLOGY: Sixteen megacolon patients (12 female; mean age 54.4 (31-73)) were operated on. Pre- and postoperative evaluation using Cleveland clinic constipation score was undertaken. Resected colons were examined. Cajal cells were identified by immunohistochemistry (anti-CD117). The mean cell number was compared to resected colons from 16 patients (7 female; mean age 62.8 (23-84)) with non-obstructive sigmoid cancer. Association between pre- and postoperative constipation scores and cell count for megacolon patients was evaluated using the Pearson test (r). RESULTS: A reduced number of Cajal cells (per field: 2.84 (0-6.6) vs. 9.68 (4.3-13); p<0.001) were observed in the bowel of megacolon patients compared to cancer patients. No correlation between constipation score before (r=- 0.205; p=0.45) or after surgery (r=0.291; p=0.28) and cell count in megacolon was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with megacolon display marked reduction of interstitial cells of Cajal. An association of constipation severity and Cajal cells depopulation was not demonstrated.

Histochemical staining for intestinal dysganglionosis: over 30 years experience with more than 1,500 biopsies.

PURPOSE: Intestinal dysganglionosis are a group of anomalies of the enteric nervous system that constitute infrequent but severe forms of constipation. Histochemical stainings are the gold standard diagnostic procedure for intestinal dysganglionosis. This study describes our experience with histochemistry in a large series of patients. METHODS: Between 1977 and 2010, 1,589 biopsies from children with persistent chronic constipation were studied. The specimens were snap frozen, sectioned and stained with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholinesterase counterstained with hematoxilin and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) histochemical stainings. RESULTS: Among the 1,589 biopsies, 946 (59.5%) were rectal biopsies, 242 (15.2%) were internal sphincter biopsies, 346 (21.8%) were intestinal mapping studies and 42 (2.7%) of them were colon specimens from surgical resections. From the rectal biopsy group, 544 (57.5%) patients were reported as normal. Hirschsprung disease was found in 163 (17.2%) patients with a median age at diagnosis of 8 months and a male to female ratio of 3:1. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia was found in 162 (17.2%) patients, hypoganglionosis in 3 (0.3%) of them and ganglioneuromatosis in 1 (0.1%). In 73 (7.7%) patients, the biopsy was not conclusive for different reasons. 34 out of the 42 resected colon specimens were Hirschsprung disease. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia was found in the proximal segment of the aganglionic bowel in 15 out of 34 (44%) patients. All the aganglionic resected colon specimens had a previous aganglionic rectal biopsy. There were no false positive results in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Histochemical stainings continue to be the gold standard in the diagnosis of intestinal dysganglionosis. The combination of two histochemical staining techniques provides a high level of accuracy in the diagnosis of intestinal dysganglionosis.

Procidencia aguda rectal complicada: alternativas en el tratamiento quirúrgico / Acute complicated rectal prolapse: alternatives for the surgical management

Rectal prolapse is protrusion of the rectum throuhg the anal sphincter. If the protrusion is made up to the entire thickness of the rectal wall, it constitutes a complete prolapse; is called partial, incomplete or mucosal. Rectal prolapse was described in the Ebers Papyrus, 1500 years B.C. is an uncommon pathology frequently incapacitating, and many aspects are still ignored. Complete rectal prolapse predominantly affects adults and usually is associated to fecal incontinence, but also can affect children, generally before five years of age. Rectal prolapse is several times more common in women than in men. The symptoms that patients with complete rectal prolapse present are the actual prolapse itself, with fecal incontinence and altertion of bowel habits. Numerous procedures are available to treat complete rectal prolapse, which can be done through the abdominal or the perineal approaches. Before subjecting these patients to surgery, they should be carefully evaluated to select the surgical procedure to be used. Abdominal procedures are the most usually used and offer beter results. The numerous surgical procedures by the abdominal approach can be synthesized as follows: the Orr procedure or lateral fixation, the Muir procedure (resection without fixation), Dissection of the sigmoid with sacral fixation (Frykmann & Goldberg), De Wells procedure or posterior fixation. The anterior rectopexy or the Ripstein procedure is the preferred technique, especially in the U.S.A., and shows good results; the Ripstein procedure consists in mobilization of the rectum down to the elevator ani muscles. The rectum is fixed to the sacral cavity by means of a piece of Marlex mesh which surrounds the anterior and lateral rectal walls.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction and ultrasound assessment of bladder wall thickness in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) based on questionnaire symptom scoring and ultrasound assessment of bladder wall thickness (BWT) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A total of 97 children with CP were enrolled in the study. The patients were either symptomatic or asymptomatic with respect to lower urinary tract symptoms. All children underwent a urinary questionnaire and renal ultrasonography. Ultrasound assessment of BWT was completed in 72 cases. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients were female and 50 were male. The mean age was 8 years 8 months (SD 3 years 1 month), with a range of 5-18 years. Urinary incontinence was present in 43 patients (44.3%). Based on the questionnaire, LUTD was found in 59 patients (60.8%). The mean BWT was 2.30 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between continent and incontinent children (2.46 vs 2.19 mm) or between children with and without LUTD (2.43 vs 2.12 mm). CONCLUSIONS: LUTD is common in children with CP and occurred in 60.8% of the patients assessed. BWT did not correlate with the presence of bladder dysfunction or incontinence. Ultrasound assessment of BWT was not relevant for diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Prevalência e fatores de risco da constipação intestinal em universitários de uma instituição particular de Goiânia, GO / Prevalence and risk factors of constipation in students of a private institution of Goiânia, GO

Introdução - A constipação intestinal pode ser definida pelo movimento das fezes ao longo do intestino grosso, com grandes quantidades de fezes secas e endurecidas no cólon descendente, que se acumulam devido ao longo tempo disponível para a absorção de líquidos. Alguns se sentem constipados quando não conseguem evacuar diariamente, outros quando as fezes são duras, ou ainda quando a evacuação é dolorosa e possuem sensação de evacuação incompleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de constipação intestinal, associando aos fatores de risco em estudantes universitários da Universidade Paulista (UNIP), campus Flamboyant. Materiale Métodos - Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário individual contendo 17 questões objetivas. A amostra foi constituída de 200 universitários maiores de 18 anos selecionados aleatoriamente,120 no período matutino e 80 no noturno. Resultados - A prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional nos universitários foi de 40,00%. Dentre os fatores de risco analisados na população universitária dois se destacaram: a história familiar com 55,70% dos constipados e a utilização de métodos laxativos representando maior porcentagem 16,46% em indivíduos constipados quando comparados com os não constipados 2,48%. Conclusão - Vários fatores de risco podem contribuir para o surgimento deste problema, neste estudo foram associadas à história familiar e utilização de métodos laxativos. Embora também diagnosticada a necessidade de mudanças comportamentais, sendo indispensável a adoção de uma dieta equilibrada e hábitos saudáveis.

Introduction - Constipation can be defined by the movement of stool through the large intestine with large amounts of dried and hardened stool in the descending colon, which accumulate due to the long time available for absorption of liquids. Some feel constipated when they can not evacuate on a daily basis, others when the stools are hard, or when the evacuation is painful and have feeling of incomplete evacuation. The present study had the objetive to assess the prevalence of constipation, involving risk factors in university students from Universidade Paulista - UNIP, campus Flamboyant. Material and Methods - To collect data was a questionnaire containing 17 individual objective questions. The sample consisted of 200 students over 18 randomly selected, 120 in the morning and 80 at night. Results - The prevalence of functional constipation in college was 40.00%. Among the risk factors analyzed in two university population stood, family history with 55.70% of the constipated and using methods induce higher percentage representing 16.46% of constipated subjects when compared with no constipated 2.48%. Conclusion - Several risk factors may contribute to the emergence of this problem, in this study were associated with family history and use of laxatives methods. Although also diagnosed the need for behavioral changes, which necessitates the adoption of a balanced diet and healthy habits.

Constipación: ¿síntoma de enfermedad funcional? ¿Detección precoz del cáncer? / Constipation: symptom of a functional disease? Early cancer detection?

Constipation is one of the most common digestive complaints. Despite this constipation receives less attention than other digestive problems, and usually is self-diagnosed and self-medicated. Constipation can be defined as a symptomatic decrease in frequency of bowel movements. In occasions, this complaint can course as a benign pathoogy, with an easy management. Otherwise, simple constipation, in other times, can be converted in a severe disease, even in a threatening process, which can be a danger for the life of the patient...

Assessment of health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em crianças com distúrbios funcionais da defecação. MÉTODOS: Estudo de 100 crianças atendidas consecutivamente (grupo total), classificadas pelos critérios de Roma II e divididas em três subgrupos: constipação funcional (n = 57), retenção fecal funcional (n = 29) e escape fecal funcional não retentivo (n = 14). Foi utilizado o instrumento genérico Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50®), para medida de qualidade de vida e avaliação do impacto desses distúrbios na percepção dos pais. Esse instrumento mede o bem-estar físico e psicossocial por meio de 15 conceitos em saúde (domínios), cada qual com uma escala de 0 a 100, com maiores valores indicando melhor estado de saúde e bem-estar. Destes, 10 são utilizados para obter dois escores agregados e sumários: o escore físico e o escore psicossocial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quanto às características demográficas e antropométricas entre os subgrupos. Para 14 domínios, as crianças com distúrbios de defecação tiverem menores índices quando comparadas com as crianças saudáveis. Comparando os subgrupos, obteve-se diferença estatisticamente significante para o escore físico entre escape fecal funcional não retentivo (menores valores) e constipação funcional. Os valores dos escores físico e psicossocial das crianças do grupo total foram inferiores quando comparados com o grupo de crianças saudáveis utilizadas como controle. CONCLUSÃO: O CHQ-PF50® foi considerado adequado para demonstrar o comprometimento da qualidade de vida em crianças com distúrbios funcionais da defecação, conforme já relatado para outras doenças, sendo útil na tomada de decisão terapêutica e no seguimento desses pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders. METHODS: One hundred children seen consecutively were enrolled and subdivided into three subsets according to the Roma II classification criteria: functional constipation (n = 57), functional fecal retention (n = 29) and nonretentive functional soiling (n = 14). The generic instrument Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50®), was used to measure quality of life and to assess the impact of these disorders from the point of view of parents. The instrument measures physical and psychosocial wellbeing in 15 health domains, each of which is graded on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better health and greater wellbeing. Ten of these are then used to obtain two aggregated and summary scores: the physical and psychosocial scores. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were detected between subsets in terms of demographic or anthropometric characteristics. In 14 domains, children with defecation disorders scored lower than healthy children. When subsets were compared, statistically significant differences were detected between children with nonretentive functional soiling (lower scores) and those with functional constipation. Physical and psychosocial scores for the entire sample were lower than those for the group of healthy children used as controls. CONCLUSIONS: The CHQ-PF50® was considered adequate for demonstrating compromised quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders, as has been reported for other diseases, being a useful tool for making treatment decisions and for patient follow-up.

Assessment of health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders. METHODS: One hundred children seen consecutively were enrolled and subdivided into three subsets according to the Roma II classification criteria: functional constipation (n = 57), functional fecal retention (n = 29) and nonretentive functional soiling (n = 14). The generic instrument Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50), was used to measure quality of life and to assess the impact of these disorders from the point of view of parents. The instrument measures physical and psychosocial wellbeing in 15 health domains, each of which is graded on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better health and greater wellbeing. Ten of these are then used to obtain two aggregated and summary scores: the physical and psychosocial scores. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were detected between subsets in terms of demographic or anthropometric characteristics. In 14 domains, children with defecation disorders scored lower than healthy children. When subsets were compared, statistically significant differences were detected between children with nonretentive functional soiling (lower scores) and those with functional constipation. Physical and psychosocial scores for the entire sample were lower than those for the group of healthy children used as controls. CONCLUSIONS: The CHQ-PF50 was considered adequate for demonstrating compromised quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders, as has been reported for other diseases, being a useful tool for making treatment decisions and for patient follow-up.

Estenosis anal: una causa común de constipación en lactantes / Anal stenosis: a common of the constipation in the infants

Se estudiaron 54 niños en el Hospital de Niños "J.M. de los Ríos" durante el período septiembre 1992-agosto 1993. De ellos, 23(42,59 por ciento) lactantes consultaron por dificultad para evaluar debido a la presencia de estenosis anal y 31(57,41 por ciento) por presentar síntomas diversos a la esfera gastrointestinal, estos últimos se designaron como grupo control. En la exploración de la región anal se determinó: la existencia de malposición anterior, su permeabilidad mediante examen digital para determinar la presencia de anillo fibrótico en la periferia del canal anal (estenosis anal), determinación del diámetro (Diámetro Anal=DA) y superficie de abertura del mismo (Area Anal=AA) utilizándose para ello los dilatadores de Hegar, calibrados en mm. El grupo control presentó una exploración digital de la región anal normal con un DA de 11,87 ñ 1,52 mm (Media ñ 2 DE) y AA de 111,12 ñ 28,28 mm2 (Media ñ 2 DE), considerándose estos valores como de corte o normales, definiéndose como estenosis anal valores inferiores a los límites inferiores señalados. Como resultado se observó que existe una diferencia significativa (p<0,001) en el Diámetro y Area Anal pre y postdilatación, con un aumento en 2,31 ñ 0,93 (Media ñ 2 DE) deposiciones voluntarias al día (p<0,01) al finalizar el tratamiento

Comportamiento clinico del estreñimiento cronico en el niño / Chronic constipation in children

Se presentaron 53 pacientes con diagnostico de estreñimiento cronico. Sus edades fluctuaron entre 2 meses y 14 años. El principal motivo de consulta fue la constipacion. En otros casos tambien consultaron por dolor abdominal y sangramiento al defecar. Las causas organicas de estreñimiento superaron en numero a las funcionales. El año anterior estuvo presente exclusivamente en niñas y fue la primera causa de estreñimiento, seguido de fisura anal como causa y complicacion, estenosis anal congenita, dolicosigma y enfermedad de Hirschprung. Las causas funcionales estuvieron presentes en el 16 por ciento de los pacientes, principalmente en varones. Una vez instaurado el tratamiento medico, hubo una respuesta satisfactoria a este.

Manometría anorectal: experiencia de 5 años / Anorectal manometriy: 5 years experience

La manometría anorectal es un procedimiento no invasivo, seguro, versátil, y de gran utilidad en la exploración de la función anorectal en múltiples patologías. fueron revisados los estudios manométricos anorectales realizados en el servicio durante los últimos 5 años en pacientes menores de 21 años. Se realizó un total de 234 estudios de los cuales un 93,25 por ciento pudo ser completado. El 72,64 por ciento de los pacientes fueron referidos de otros centros para la realización del procedimiento. El promedio de edad fue de 5,62 ñ 4,72 años y el principal motivo de consulta, constipación con un 78,20 por ciento. No existe diferencia significativa en relación en relación a los valores manométricos del esfinter anal interno entre los pacientes con: constipación, encopresis y constipación con encropesis y los valores normales. El principal diagnóstico manométrico en los pacientes constipados sin sospecha clínica o manométrica de enfermedad de Hirschsprung consistió en estudio normal, aunque entre unos 30 y un 55 por ciento el diagnóstico fue trastornos motores inespecíficos. Los pacientes con malformaciones anorectales presentaron un promedio de presión anal interna significativamente mas bajo (Zo=3,29 p=0,03) y un porcentaje de estudios no concluyente más alto que en los pacientes constipados (Zo=3,44 p=0,02). La presión del esfínter anal externo no fue diferente a la de los pacientes constipados. En 43 pacientes el estudio manométrico sugirió presencia de enfermedad de Hirschsprung, obteniéndose resultado histológico del 55,8 por ciento confirmándose aganglionosis en el 91,66 por ciento de estos resultados. No se evidenció diferencia significativa en las presiones anales internas o externas en relación a los pacientes con constipación sin hirschprung. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con los reportados en la literatura y además confirman a la manometría anal como una herramienta útil para la exploración de la indemnidad anal en los casos de malformaciones anorectales

Estreñimiento crónico: uso del cisapride / Chronic constipation: use of cisapride

Se estudió el efecto del Cisapride (10 mg vo cada 8 horas) sobre las características de las evacuaciones, el tiempo del tránsito orocecal y las variables de motilidad de la manometría anal en pacientes con diagnóstico de constipación crónica. Los pacientes (N=51) recibieron placebo y/o droga en forma controlada, randomizada, doble ciego y cruzado durante dos fases de tratamiento de 30 días de duración cada una. Al finalizar cada fase se les realizó evaluación clínica, manometría anal y test de hidrógeno en aliento. El Cisapride aumento el ritmo de las evacuaciones (5,53 días +/- 3,11 vs 1,59 días +/- 1,15 p<0,05), mejorando la frecuencia de las evacuaciones y disminuyó la consistencia de las mismas, además acortó el tiempo de tránsito orocecal (271,57 min +/- 9,87 vs 201,18 min +/- 29,30 p<0,05) y, mejoró los parámetros de la manometría anal tales como la presión del esfínter anal interno (58,14 mmHg +/- 7,33 vs 53,90 mmHg +/- 5,19 p<0,05), y el porcentaje de relajación (73,41 por ciento +/- 15,30 vs 66,84 por ciento +/- 11,83 p<0,05). Los efectos secundarios asociados con el tratamiento con Cisapride no fueron significativos. En conclusión el Cisapride mejora la motilidad intestinal en la constipación crónica

Manometria anorrectal en niños con constipación crónica / Anorectal manometry in children with chronic constipation

Se estudian 40 pacientes con constipación crónica cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 8 meses y 14 años, agrupándose en un primer grupo de 37 pacientes cuya frecuencia de evacuación de las heces era de más de 2 días, y en un segundo grupo de 3 pacientes con colostomía por sospecha de megacolon agangliónico, con la introducción por primera vez en nuestro país de la manometría anorrectal (MAR). Se realiza la MAR previo enema evacuante y sedación, introduciéndose un sistema de catéteres en recto y esfínter anal interno, conectados a un sistema de registro poligrafico y colocándose un balón en el recto superior para la estimulación de éste. Se expresa que de los 37 pacientes del primer grupo, 33 presentaron el reflejo rectoanal inhibitorio, por lo que en el 89

Manometria anorrectal en niños con constipación crónica / Anorectal manometry in children with chronic constipation

Se estudian 40 pacientes con constipación crónica cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 8 meses y 14 años, agrupándose en un primer grupo de 37 pacientes cuya frecuencia de evacuación de las heces era de más de 2 días, y en un segundo grupo de 3 pacientes con colostomía por sospecha de megacolon agangliónico, con la introducción por primera vez en nuestro país de la manometría anorrectal (MAR). Se realiza la MAR previo enema evacuante y sedación, introduciéndose un sistema de catéteres en recto y esfínter anal interno, conectados a un sistema de registro poligrafico y colocándose un balón en el recto superior para la estimulación de éste. Se expresa que de los 37 pacientes del primer grupo, 33 presentaron el reflejo rectoanal inhibitorio, por lo que en el 89% de los casos se descartó la existencia de megacolon agangliónico. Se comprueba la elevación de la presión esfinteriana después de la estimulación, así como la relación entre el volumen distensor y la respuesta de relajación del esfínter interno. Se observa que todos los pacientes del segundo grupo presentan un volumen crítico de respuesta esfinteriana elevado en comparación con los del primer grupo