Modificação das propriedades superficiais dos polímeros sintéticos e orgânicos após imersão em biofilme de C. albicans / Modification of the surface properties of two synthetic organic polymers after immersion in C. albicans biofilm

A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações da rugosidade e hidrofobicidade superficial de 4 adesivos sintéticos e 1 orgânico aplicados em resinas acrílicas termopolimerizáveis (RAT) antes e após 7, 14 e 30 dias de serem submetidos em biofilme de Cândida albicans. Foram confeccionados cento e oito espécimes de resina acrílica termopolimerizável (10x10x3mm) na qual foram aplicados 4 adesivos sintéticos a base de CAs: Etil cianoacrilato convencional (ECAc - Superbonder®), Etil cianoacrilato em gel (ECAg ­ Superbonder ® em gel), Butil cianoacrilato (BCA ­ Tekbond®), Octil cianoacrilato (OCA ­ Dermabond ®) e 1 adesivo orgânico a base de veneno de cobra (AT- C.E.V.A.P, Unesp). Após da polimerização dos produtos aplicados, foram aguardados 48 horas para a leitura da rugosidade no perfilômetro e da hidrofobicidade no goniômetro, concluído este procedimento todos os espécimes passaram por um processo de esterilização por óxido de etileno para logo serem divididos em 3 grupos: 7, 14 e 30 dias. Seguidamente os espécimes foram inoculados com Cândida albicans SC5314 (1.107 células/mL) para a formação de biofilme. Concluído os períodos de avaliação, foi selecionado 1 espécime de cada grupo para ser corado através dos fluorocromos SYTO-9 e iodeto de propídeo para análise em microscópio confocal e simultaneamente os demais espécimes passaram pela remoção mecânica do biofilme, para logo serem lavados e secados a temperatura ambiente sobre exposição de luz UV durante 6 horas. Em seguida os espécimes foram envalados e esterilizados por óxido de etileno para finalmente ser avaliados no perfilômetro e goniômetro. Para a avaliação das medidas iniciais dos materiais testados foi empregado o teste de anova 1 critério e para a análise após da imersão em biofilme de Cândida albicans foi utilizado o teste de anova 2 critérios. Para as diferenças encontradas entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste de comparação múltipla (Teste de Tukey). Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os grupos CAs conseguiram diminuir significativamente a rugosidade superficial, além de manter propriedades hidrofóbicas na sua superfície: ECAc (2,02 µm - 86.93°), ECAg (2.57µm -109.06°), BCA (0.78µm ­ 95.57°), OCA (0.61µm -102.47°), porém o AT tornou a superfície da resina acrílica hidrofílica, além de não conseguir diminuir a rugosidade da RAT (3.63µm ­ 59.49°). Após imersão em biofilme microbiano, foi constatado que o biofilme de C. albicans conseguiu diminuir significativamente os valores da rugosidade em todos os períodos avaliados, exceto o grupo BCA. Com relação a hidrofobicidade foi observada uma redução significante dos valores hidrofóbicos em todos os grupos testados após imersão em biofilme de C.albicans, exceto no grupo AT nos 3 períodos avaliados. Estes resultados confirmaram que os grupos CAs melhoram as características físico-químicas das RATs, destacando-se dentre eles o grupo OCA com superfícies menos rugosas e propriedades hidrofóbicas na sua superfície. Por outro lado, cabe salientar o grupo BCA cuja rugosidade foi inalterada. Finalmente as imagens em microscópio confocal revelaram que os grupos etil cianoacrilatos apresentam uma maior efetividade em inibir a adesão microbiana.(AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of synthetic and organic adhesives on the surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity of heat-polymerized acrylic resin before and after 7, 14 and 30 days of being submitted to the biofilm of C. albicans. One hundred and eight specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated (10x10x3mm) for them apply on its surface 4 adhesives based on cyanoacrylate (CA): ethyl cyanoacrylate conventional (ECAc ­ Superbonder ®), ethyl cyanoacrylate gel (ECAg ­ Superbonder ® gel), butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA ­ Tekbond ®), octil cyanoacrylate (OCA-Dermabond®) and one fibrin sealant derived from Snake-venom (AT ­ C.E.V.A.P, Unesp). After the polymerization of the applied products, 48 hours were expected for the roughness reading in the profilometer and the hydrophobicity in the goniometer. Following this procedure, all specimens underwent sterilization process by ethylene oxide to divide them into 3 groups: 7, 14 and 30 days. Afterward specimens were inoculated with C. albicans SC5314 (1.107 cells/mL) for biofilm formation. After evaluation periods, the remaining biofilme of one specimen from each group were stained with fluorochromes SYTO-9 and propidium iodide to be analyzed by confocal microscopy (MC) and simultaneously others specimens were mechanically biofilm removed, washed, and dried room temperature on UV light exposure for 6 hours. Then specimens were embossed and sterilized by ethylene oxide to finally be analyzed in profilometer and goniometer. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way anova for initial measurements and two-way anova test for analysis after immersion in Candida albicans biofilm. For differences found between groups, the multiple comparison test (tukey test) was used, considering a significance level of 5%. Results showed that all CAs were able to reduce surface roughness and maintain hydrophobic properties on the surface: ECAc (2,02 µm - 86.93°), ECAg (2.57µm -109.06°), BCA(0.78µm ­ 95.57°), OCA (0.61µm -102.47°), however the AT group changes the acrylic resin surface hydrophilic, as well as not being able to reduce the surface roughness of the RAT (3.63µm ­ 59.49°). Subsequent immersion in microbial biofilms, it was verified that Candida albicans biofilm was able to reduce roughness values in all groups, except the BCA group. Regarding hydrophobicity, a significant lowering of hydrophobic values was observed in all groups tested after immersion in C. albicans biofilms, except in AT in the 3 periods evaluated. These results corroborated that CAs groups improve the physico-chemical characteristics of RATs, among them the OCA group with hydrophobic properties and with lowest mean values of roughness in three evaluated periods. On the other hand, BCA group didn't change the roughness of the surface after immersion in biofilms. Finally, confocal microscope images revealed that ethyl cyanoacrylate groups have a greater effectiveness in inhibiting microbial adhesion.(AU)

Biocompatibility of wollastonite-poly(N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) composites.

Wollastonite-poly(n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) composite (W-BCA) has been proposed to immobilize anatomically bone fragments in order to achieve an optimal healing process. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo behavior of three types of fillers: powdered natural wollastonite (Wn), synthetic pseudowollastonite powder (Ws), and synthetic pseudowollastonite powder coated with 5% acetyl tributyl citrate (Wst). The Wst-BCA composite underwent a higher degradability in the real-time degradation test and a superior cytotoxic effect; whereas the Wn-BCA composite showed a higher degradability in the accelerated test with no cytotoxicity. The formation of an extracellular collagenous matrix deposit on its surface and the most favorable new bone formation on Wn-BCA indicate its potential for bone adhesive use in unstable orthopedic traumas.

Microhardness and sealing ability of materials used for root canal perforations.

Root perforations may lead to a loss of integrity in the root and periodontium, violations of the biologic periodontal distance, and injuries to periodontal tissue. This study sought to analyze the effect of root canal biomechanical preparation on the microhardness and the marginal sealing ability of different materials used to treat root perforations. Standard root perforations were performed in 96 bovine incisors. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 24), based on the material used to treat those teeth: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Group 1), MTA protected with cyanoacrylate (Group 2), MTA protected with glass ionomer (GI) cement (Group 3), and castor oil bean (COB) cement (Group 4). After root perforations were closed, the root canals were prepared biomechanically and teeth were sectioned longitudinally. Microleakage and microhardness of sealed perforations were assessed; microleakage data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing, while microhardness data were submitted to Dunnet and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Group 4 reported the lowest amount of microleakage (0.65 mm), followed by Group 3 (1.02 mm), Group 1 (1.14 mm), and Group 2 (1.30 mm); however, no difference was detected among the groups. Groups 1-3 demonstrated significantly higher microhardness values compared to COB. It was concluded that the chemical and mechanical agents used during root canal preparation did not affect the sealing procedures. Administering surface protection to MTA did not improve microhardness or sealing.

Effect of specimen gripping device, geometry and fixation method on microtensile bond strength, failure mode and stress distribution: laboratory and finite element analyses.

OBJECTIVES: Innumerous modifications have been proposed for the microtensile test since its introduction; however, testing parameters are not often well described and wide variations in bond strength are commonly reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the test specimen's gripping device, specimen geometry and fixation method on microtensile bond strength, failure mode, and stress distribution when using an etch-and-rinse 2-step adhesive system bonded to human dentin. METHODS: Resin-based composite bonded to occlusal dentin from 21 human molars was used to fabricate dumbbell- and stick-shaped test specimens which were divided into three groups: Di - dumbbell-specimens placed in a Dircks device; GeS - stick-specimens gripped in a Geraldeli's device with Superglue; GeZ - stick-specimens gripped in a Geraldeli's device with Zapit. Specimens were tested to failure in tensile mode and the failure mode was examined under stereomicroscopy and fracture initiation sites were verified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Three-dimensional models of each device/specimen were created and finite element calculations were performed. RESULTS: The effect of the gripping devices on the bond strength was not significant, unless the bond test areas were normalized. The failure mode was influenced by the type of device. Dircks device was less sensitive to human error than Geraldeli's, and produced a more uniform stress distribution at the dumbbell specimen adhesive layer than did the Geraldeli's device at the stick layer. SIGNIFICANCE: Microtensile testing parameters can directly influence the results and consequently inter-study comparisons.

Relationship between files that bind at the apical foramen and foramen openings in maxillary central incisors--a SEM study.

Considering that instrumentation of the apical foramen has been suggested for root canal infection control, this study analyzed the relationship between the files that bind at the apical foramen and the foraminal openings in 50 maxillary central incisors. After preparation of the pulp chamber, access to the canal was obtained with #1 and 2 LA Axxess and K-files with tip cut were inserted up to the apical foramen until binding was felt. The files were fixed with methyl cyanoacrylate and the tooth-file sets were cross-sectioned 10 mm short of the apex. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out and files and foraminal areas were measured using Image Tool software. Statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) was found between files and the apical foraminal areas. The mean foraminal area was 3.8 times larger than the mean file area. The results of this study suggest that it would require 4 files of greater size beyond the one that bound to the foramen in order to allow a better relationship between files and apical openings of maxillary central incisors.

Dimensional changes in gypsum fragments bonded with cyanoacrylate.

PURPOSE: Accidental fractures may occur during manipulation and transportation of plaster casts. In clinical practice, plaster fragments may be bonded without harming the accuracy of the final denture, provided that the bonding agent does not cause dimensional alterations. Cyanoacrylate could be a good material because of its ease of use, quick set, wide availability, and low cost. The aim of this study was to assess the dimensional alteration of Type IV plaster fragments bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten hexagonal regular prisms were made of Type IV plaster, with two reference marks on one of the faces. The distance between the marks was measured under a comparison microscope. After this, the prisms were fractured so that the fracture line would be between the two reference marks, bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based universal adhesive and measured again. RESULTS: The mean difference between the measurements performed before and after fracture and bonding of the fragments was 0.0194 mm. At a level of significance of 0.05, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements before and after fracture and bonding of the dies (p = 0.1582). CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that bonding of Type IV plaster fragments with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive did not cause significant dimensional alterations.

Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of newly synthesized fucoidan-coated nanoparticles.

The aim was to synthesize and characterize fucoidan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by anionic emulsion polymerization (AEP) and by redox radical emulsion polymerization (RREP) of isobutylcyanoacrylate using fucoidan as a new coating material. The nanoparticles were characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro on J774 macrophage and NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Cellular uptake of labeled nanoparticles was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that both methods were suitable to prepare stable formulations of fucoidan-coated PIBCA nanoparticles. Stable dispersions of nanoparticles were obtained by AEP with up to 100% fucoidan as coating material. By the RREP method, stable suspensions of nanoparticles were obtained with only up to 25% fucoidan in a blend of polysaccharide composed of dextran and fucoidan. The zeta potential of fucoidan-coated nanoparticles was decreased depending on the percentage of fucoidan. It reached the value of -44 mV for nanoparticles prepared by AEP with 100% of fucoidan. Nanoparticles made by AEP appeared more than four times more cytotoxic (IC(50) below 2 µg/mL) on macrophages J774 than nanoparticles made by RREP (IC(50) above 9 µg/mL). In contrast, no significant difference in cytotoxicity was highlighted by incubation of the nanoparticles with a fibroblast cell line. On fibroblasts, both types of nanoparticles showed similar cytotoxicity. Confocal fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that all types of nanoparticles were taken up by both cell lines. The distribution of the fluorescence in the cells varied greatly with the type of nanoparticles.

Relationship between files that bind at the apical foramen and foramen openings in maxillary central incisors - a SEM study

Considering that instrumentation of the apical foramen has been suggested for root canal infection control, this study analyzed the relationship between the files that bind at the apical foramen and the foraminal openings in 50 maxillary central incisors. After preparation of the pulp chamber, access to the canal was obtained with #1 and 2 LA Axxess and K-files with tip cut were inserted up to the apical foramen until binding was felt. The files were fixed with methyl cyanoacrylate and the tooth-file sets were cross-sectioned 10 mm short of the apex. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out and files and foraminal areas were measured using Image Tool software. Statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) was found between files and the apical foraminal areas. The mean foraminal area was 3.8 times larger than the mean file area. The results of this study suggest that it would require 4 files of greater size beyond the one that bound to the foramen in order to allow a better relationship between files and apical openings of maxillary central incisors.

Uma vez que a instrumentação do forame apical tem sido sugerida para o controle de infecção do canal radicular, este estudo analisou a relação entre as limas que se ajustam no forame apical e a abertura foraminal em cinquenta incisivos centrais superiores. Após o preparo da câmara pulpar, foi feito o acesso radicular com as brocas LA Axxess #1 e 2 e limas K com a ponta cortada foram inseridas até que oferecessem a sensação tátil de ajuste no forame apical. Foram fixadas com cianoacrilato de metila e o conjunto dente-lima foi seccionado a 10 mm aquém do ápice. Foi feita a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as áreas das limas e dos forames foram medidas por meio do Image Tool software. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significante entre as áreas das limas e dos forames (p<0,0001). A média da área dos forames apicais foi 3,8 vezes maior que a das limas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que seriam necessários 4 instrumentos de calibre maior além do que se ajustou para que haja melhor relação entre as limas e as aberturas foraminais nos incisivos centrais superiores.

Hydrogen-bonded ribbons in ethyl (E)-3-[2-amino-4,6-bis(dimethylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-[(2-amino-4,6-di-1-piperidylpyrimidin-5-yl)methylene]malononitrile.

The pyrimidine rings in ethyl (E)-3-[2-amino-4,6-bis(dimethylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-cyanoacrylate, C(14)H(20)N(6)O(2), (I), and 2-[(2-amino-4,6-di-1-piperidylpyrimidin-5-yl)methylene]malononitrile, C(18)H(23)N(7), (II), which crystallizes with Z' = 2 in the P1 space group, are both nonplanar with boat conformations. The molecules of (I) are linked by a combination of N-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds into chains of edge-fused R(2)(2)(8) and R(4)(4)(20) rings, while the two independent molecules in (II) are linked by four N-H...N hydrogen bonds into chains of edge-fused R(2)(2)(8) and R(2)(2)(20) rings. This study illustrates both the readiness with which highly-substituted pyrimidine rings can be distorted from planarity and the significant differences between the supramolecular aggregation in two rather similar compounds.

Four products from the cyanoacetylation of pyrimidines: hydrogen-bonded dimers, pi-stacked hydrogen-bonded chains and hydrogen-bonded chains of edge-fused rings.

The molecules of 2-[6-amino-3-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-ylcarbonyl]acetonitrile, C(9)H(10)N(4)O(2)S, (I), are linked in pairs by N-H...O hydrogen bonds to form cyclic centrosymmetric R(2)(2)(4) dimers. Similar dimers formed by 2-(6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-ylcarbonyl)acetonitrile, C(9)H(10)N(4)O(3), (II), are reinforced by paired N-H...N hydrogen bonds and linked into chains of rings by C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules of 2-cyano-N-[6-methoxy-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetamide, C(9)H(10)N(4)O(2)S, (III), are linked into simple C(6) chains by an N-H...N hydrogen bond, and the chains are weakly linked into sheets by a pi-pi stacking interaction. A combination of one two-centre N-H...N hydrogen bond and one three-centre C-H...(N,O) hydrogen bond links the molecules of 2-cyano-N-[6-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetamide, C(8)H(7)ClN(4)OS, (IV), into a chain of alternating edge-fused R(2)(1)(6) and R(1)(2)(6) rings. The crystal structures reported in this study, and those of some related examples from the recent literature, show a wide variation in hydrogen-bonded aggregation consequent upon rather small changes in molecular constitution.

Sealer penetration and marginal permeability after apicoectomy varying retrocavity preparation and retrofilling material.

Apicoectomy failure is generally related to inappropriate marginal sealing of the retrocavity, which allows percolation of microorganisms and their products from root canal system to periapex. This study evaluated tubular penetration of canal sealers and marginal permeability after retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser and retrofilling with MTA or cyanoacrylate. Twenty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated, their apical 3 mm were resected and the root ends were retroprepared with a low-speed bur. Twenty roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=5): GI and GII--retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively; GIII and GIV--retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 microm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70.8 J/cm(2)) and retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively. The remaining 2 roots served as positive and negative controls. The analysis of rhodamine B dye infiltration (p=0.05) demonstrated that laser irradiation and MTA retrofilling presented significantly higher permeability rates (p<0.05). Retrofilling with cyanoacrylate showed significantly lower permeability, either when laser was used or not on retrocavity. SEM analysis depicted more cyanoacrylate penetration through dentinal tubules when compared to MTA, suggesting a more efficient marginal sealing. Based on these results, it may be concluded that cyanoacrylate provided a less permeable retrofilling regardless of the retropreparation method, suggesting a more favorable condition to the establishment of the periapical healing.

Sealer penetration and marginal permeability after apicoectomy varying retrocavity preparation and retrofilling material

Apicoectomy failure is generally related to inappropriate marginal sealing of the retrocavity, which allows percolation of microorganisms and their products from root canal system to periapex. This study evaluated tubular penetration of canal sealers and marginal permeability after retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser and retrofilling with MTA or cyanoacrylate. Twenty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated, their apical 3 mm were resected and the root ends were retroprepared with a low-speed bur. Twenty roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=5): GI and GII - retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively; GIII and GIV - retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 æm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70.8 J/cm²) and retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively. The remaining 2 roots served as positive and negative controls. The analysis of rhodamine B dye infiltration (p=0.05) demonstrated that laser irradiation and MTA retrofilling presented significantly higher permeability rates (p<0.05). Retrofilling with cyanoacrylate showed significantly lower permeability, either when laser was used or not on retrocavity. SEM analysis depicted more cyanoacrylate penetration through dentinal tubules when compared to MTA, suggesting a more efficient marginal sealing. Based on these results, it may be concluded that cyanoacrylate provided a less permeable retrofilling regardless of the retropreparation method, suggesting a more favorable condition to the establishment of the periapical healing.

O insucesso das cirurgias apicais é geralmente atribuído ao selamento marginal inadequado das retrocavidades, caracterizado pelo contato ineficiente entre o material retrobturador e a superfície dentinária, o que acaba por permitir a percolação de microorganismos provenientes do canal radicular para a região do periápice. Este trabalho teve como objetivos a análise da penetrabilidade tubular de materiais retrobturadores e a avaliação da permeabilidade marginal dentinária após irradiação das retrocavidades com laser de Er;Cr:YSGG e retrobturação com MTA ou cianoacrilato. Vinte e dois dentes humanos unirradiculares tiveram a coroa seccionada, foram tratados endodonticamente e tiveram os 3 mm apicais removidos. As retrocavidades foram preparadas com broca em baixa rotação. Vinte raízes foram aleatoriamente divididas em 4 grupos (n=5): GI e GII - retrobturação com MTA e cianoacrilato, respectivamente; GIII e GIV - retrocavidades irradiadas com laser de Er;Cr:YSGG (2,78 æm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70,8 J/cm²) e retrobturação com MTA e cianoacrilato, respectivamente. As duas raízes restantes atuaram como controles positivo e negativo. A análise da infiltração do corante rodamina B (p=0,05) demonstrou que a irradiação com laser e a retrobturação com MTA apresentaram níveis de permeabilidade significantemente maiores (p<0,05). A retrobturação com cianoacrilato proporcionou níveis de permeabilidade significantemente menores em ambas as situações (EDTA-T ou laser). A análise das micrografias revelaram maior penetração tubular do cianoacrilato quando comparado ao MTA, indicando um selamento marginal mais eficiente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o cianoacrilato promoveu uma menor permeabilidade da retrobturação, independentemente do método utilizado para o retropreparo, sugerindo, portanto, uma condição mais favorável ao estabelecimento da reparação periapical.

Aislamiento absoluto: una técnica alternativa y atraumática / Absolute isolation: an alternative and atraumatic technique

Es una alternativa al método convencional de aislamiento absoluto que se comenzó a utilizar hace aproximadamente 8 años. Técnica totalmente atraumática, fácil y económica. Consideraciones: El Isobutil Cianoacrilato permite suturar heridas de labio que involucren epidermis, mucosa y músculos. Es biocompatible, ayuda a la hemostasia, polimeriza en presencia de sangre, carece de toxicidad, tiene bajo costo y es de fácil aplicación. La utilización del producto sobre tejidos duros y blandos debe realizarse sobre campo seco y sin aplicar calor a la zona. Es irritante para la mucosa conjuntival. El Isobutil Cianoacrilato no necesita calor para su polimerización y lo hace en presencia de oxígeno, por el contrario, los isobutiles comunes requieren altas temperaturas para polimerizar. Requerimientos: goma dique, porta goma, perforador de goma, aplicador Microbrush o similar, Adhesivo instantáneo. Técnica: Se selecciona el elemento a tratar y se comienza con la perforación de la goma siempre con el orificio de menor diámetro para que la goma entre a presión sobre la superficie a tratar. Se seca el campo y se aplica el adhesivo con el microbrush contactando el adhesivo en parte con la goma y en parte con el elemento dentario, de esta forma el adhesivo polimeriza produciendo una exotermia suave que funde el látex de la goma sobre el diente brindando aislamiento absoluto. Se retira luego la goma hacia el exterior de la cavidad bucal, y si existieran rastros de adhesivo los mismos se retiran con una cureta o explorador. En conclusión esta técnica permite realizar tratamientos en elementos dentarios permanentes que no se puedan aislar con la técnica convnecional (AU)

Aislamiento absoluto: una técnica alternativa y atraumática / Absolute isolation: an alternative and atraumatic technique

Es una alternativa al método convencional de aislamiento absoluto que se comenzó a utilizar hace aproximadamente 8 años. Técnica totalmente atraumática, fácil y económica. Consideraciones: El Isobutil Cianoacrilato permite suturar heridas de labio que involucren epidermis, mucosa y músculos. Es biocompatible, ayuda a la hemostasia, polimeriza en presencia de sangre, carece de toxicidad, tiene bajo costo y es de fácil aplicación. La utilización del producto sobre tejidos duros y blandos debe realizarse sobre campo seco y sin aplicar calor a la zona. Es irritante para la mucosa conjuntival. El Isobutil Cianoacrilato no necesita calor para su polimerización y lo hace en presencia de oxígeno, por el contrario, los isobutiles comunes requieren altas temperaturas para polimerizar. Requerimientos: goma dique, porta goma, perforador de goma, aplicador Microbrush o similar, Adhesivo instantáneo. Técnica: Se selecciona el elemento a tratar y se comienza con la perforación de la goma siempre con el orificio de menor diámetro para que la goma entre a presión sobre la superficie a tratar. Se seca el campo y se aplica el adhesivo con el microbrush contactando el adhesivo en parte con la goma y en parte con el elemento dentario, de esta forma el adhesivo polimeriza produciendo una exotermia suave que funde el látex de la goma sobre el diente brindando aislamiento absoluto. Se retira luego la goma hacia el exterior de la cavidad bucal, y si existieran rastros de adhesivo los mismos se retiran con una cureta o explorador. En conclusión esta técnica permite realizar tratamientos en elementos dentarios permanentes que no se puedan aislar con la técnica convnecional