Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with unusual presentation in vulva.

Gynecological sarcomas are rare and their location in the vulva and vagina has an incidence of 5% of all malignant neoplasms in the female genital tract. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient with a diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the vulva, an infrequent pathology with less than 60 cases reported worldwide in this anatomical location. Clinically, it is locally aggressive, due to the proliferation of spindle cells with pleomorphism and frequent mitotic figures infiltrating the reticular dermis and subcutaneous cellular tissue, giving rise to variable size tumors with high local recurrence rates. The first-line treatment is surgical excision of the tumor with Mohs micrographic surgery among other surgical techniques for complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment. However, identification of carcinogenesis mechanisms where the chromosomal translocation t (17; 22) (q22; q13) is recognized, forming the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene, which participates in stimulating tumor cell proliferation, allowing treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib for neoadjuvant therapy of surgically unresectable tumors and local recurrences.

Los sarcomas ginecológicos son infrecuentes y la localización de estos en vulva y vagina tienen una incidencia del 5% de todas las neoplasias malignas del tracto genital femenino. Presentamos una paciente de 54 años con diagnóstico de dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans en vulva, el cual es una patología infrecuente con menos de 60 casos reportados a nivel mundial en esta localización anatómica. Clínicamente tiene un comportamiento localmente agresivo, debido a la proliferación de células fusiformes con pleomorfismo y frecuentes figuras de mitosis que infiltran la dermis reticular y tejido celular subcutáneo, dando origen a lesiones tumorales de tamaño variable y con altas tasas de recurrencia local. El tratamiento en primera elección es la escisión quirúrgica del tumor con técnicas como cirugía micrográfica de Mohs u otras técnicas quirúrgicas para evaluación completa del margen periférico circunferencial y profundo. Sin embargo, la identificación de mecanismos de carcinogénesis donde se reconoce la translocación cromosómica t (17; 22) (q22; q13), formando al gen de fusión COL1A1-PDGFB el cual participa estimulando la proliferación celular tumoral, ha permitido la utilización de los inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa como el imatinib para la realización de terapia neoadyuvante en casos de tumores irresecables quirúrgicamente y en recurrencias locales.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: The Current State of Multidisciplinary Management.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, infiltrative, soft tissue tumor. It has a propensity for deep invasion but a low risk for distant metastasis. The classic presentation is a slowly progressive, painless, and erythematous to purpuric patch on the trunk or arms. A deep, subcutaneous punch biopsy or incisional biopsy should be performed for diagnosis in all suspected cases; wide undermining of the skin is to be avoided for minimizing the risk of tumor seeding and for retaining the feasibility of histopathologic examination of re-excisions. Histopathologic distinction of DFSP from dermatofibroma requires immunohistochemical assessment for CD34, factor XIIIa, nestin, apolipoprotein D, and cathepsin K. Management of this cutaneous sarcoma involves a multidisciplinary oncologic approach. Surgical excision is usually the first step in management. DFSP has a high propensity for local recurrence, even when surgical margins are negative; therefore, radiation therapy or rarely systemic therapy is recommended, especially for locally advanced or metastatic cases. The indolent nature of DFSP requires lifelong surveillance for recurrence; however, most recurrences occur within 3 years of the primary excision. The median time for the development of a local recurrence is estimated to be 32 months. An emerging theragnostic transmembrane receptor target, folate hydrolase-1 (FOLH1; prostate-specific membrane antigen), has been expressed in benign dermatofibromas and in high-grade sarcomatous phenotypes. These findings suggest that DFSP may also express FOLH1, which could allow for surveillance with FOLH1 PET/CT and antibody-mediated brachytherapy.

Pigmented Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: Description of a pediatric case. / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans pigmentado: Descripción de un caso pediátrico.

INTRODUCTION: Bednar tumor is a rare low-grade sarcoma considered the pigmented variant of dermatofibrosarco ma protuberans (DFSP). OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment and evolution of this rare neoplasm. CLINICAL CASE: A 9-year old female presented with a 2-year history of an indurated, asymptomatic papule on the back of her fourth left toe. The incisio nal biopsy was compatible with pigmented DFSP. The immunohistochemical study showed intense positivity for CD34 throughout the lesion, with negative factor XIIIa. We complemented the study with molecular cytogenetics (FISH) for PDGFB gene (22q13.1) which showed an abnormal pattern in tumor cells, but not in the melanocytes or the peritumoral skin. Delayed Mohs surgery and skin substitute dressing were performed without neoplastic recurrence at 5 years of follow up. Conclu sion: Pigmented DFSP is a low-grade sarcoma that is very rare in pediatric patients. The classical and pigmented variants should be suspected in the presence of a single papulonodular lesion of slow and progressive growth, with presence of spindle cells with storiform pattern in the biopsy and positive immunohistochemical study for CD34. It is an entity with good prognosis, with little risk of recurren ce and metastasis, if complete excision is achieved.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans pigmentado: descripción de un caso pediátrico / Pigmented Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: description of a pediatric case

Resumen: Introducción: El tumor de Bednar es un sarcoma de bajo grado, infrecuente, considerado como la variante pigmen tada del dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, histopatológicas, el tratamiento y la evolución de un caso pediátrico de esta infrecuente neoplasia. Caso Clínico: escolar de 9 años que consultó por una pápula indurada asintomática, de dos años de evolución en el dorso del cuarto dedo del pie izquierdo. La biopsia incisional de la lesión fue com patibles con un DFSP pigmentado. El estudio inmunohistoquímico mostró positividad intensa para CD34 en toda la lesión, con factor XIIIa negativo. Se complementó el estudio de la pieza histológica con citogenética molecular FISH para el gen PDGFB (22q13.1) el cual reflejó un patrón anómalo en las células tumorales, no así en los melanocitos ni en la piel peritumoral. Se realizó cirugía micrográfica de Mohs diferida con cobertura mediante sustituto dérmico, sin recidiva ni recurrencia tumoral a los 5 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El DFSP pigmentado es un sarcoma de bajo grado, que muy infrecuentemente se presenta en pacientes pediátricos. Las variantes clásica y pigmentada deben ser sospechadas ante una lesión papulonodular única, de crecimiento lento y progresivo, con presencia de células fusiformes con patrón estoriforme en la biopsia y con estudio inmunohistoquímico positi vo para CD34. Es una entidad con buen pronóstico, con escaso riesgo de recurrencia y metástasis, si se logra la realización de una extirpación completa.

Abstract: Introduction: Bednar tumor is a rare low-grade sarcoma considered the pigmented variant of dermatofibrosarco ma protuberans (DFSP). Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment and evolution of this rare neoplasm. Clinical Case: A 9-year old female presented with a 2-year history of an indurated, asymptomatic papule on the back of her fourth left toe. The incisio nal biopsy was compatible with pigmented DFSP. The immunohistochemical study showed intense positivity for CD34 throughout the lesion, with negative factor XIIIa. We complemented the study with molecular cytogenetics (FISH) for PDGFB gene (22q13.1) which showed an abnormal pattern in tumor cells, but not in the melanocytes or the peritumoral skin. Delayed Mohs surgery and skin substitute dressing were performed without neoplastic recurrence at 5 years of follow up. Conclu sion: Pigmented DFSP is a low-grade sarcoma that is very rare in pediatric patients. The classical and pigmented variants should be suspected in the presence of a single papulonodular lesion of slow and progressive growth, with presence of spindle cells with storiform pattern in the biopsy and positive immunohistochemical study for CD34. It is an entity with good prognosis, with little risk of recurren ce and metastasis, if complete excision is achieved.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: lo diagnosticamos en la edad pediátrica / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: we diagnose it in the pediatric age

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es un tumor cutáneo, de baja frecuencia, fibrohistiocítico, infiltrante, de lento crecimiento, de agresividad local, de malignidad intermedia; con escasas probabilidades de metástasis pero con alto índice de recurrencia local. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse y confirmarse con histología e inmunohistoquímica. El tratamiento de elección es con cirugía convencional y/o cirugía micrográfica de Mohs, con márgenes de 2-4 cm. Se considera que la prevalencia del DFSP en la edad pediátrica es baja, debido al escaso índice de sospecha. En el presente trabajo compartimos cinco casos de DFSP en la edad pediátrica, estudiados en el Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde. (AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous, low frequency, fibrohistiocytic, infiltrating, slow growing, local aggressiveness, intermediate malignancy tumor; with little chance of metastasis but with a high rate of local recurrence. The diagnosis should be suspected and confirmed with histology and immunohistochemistry. The treatment of choice is with conventional surgery and / or Mohs micrographic surgery, with margins of 2-4 cm. The prevalence of DFSP in pediatric age is considered to be low, due to the low index of suspicion. In this paper we share five cases of DFSP in the pediatric age, studied at the Pedro de Elizalde Children's General Hospital. (AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans vulvar: tres casos clínicos de localización inusual / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans vulvar: three clinical cases of localization unusual

RESUMEN El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es un sarcoma fusocelular de grado intermedio de malignidad con máxima incidencia en adultos entre 20 y 40 años y de localización habitualmente troncular (cabeza, cuello extremidades superiores). Se presentan tres casos de DFSP de localización excepcional a nivel vulvar. Las pacientes fueron tratadas con vulvectomía respetando márgenes de seguridad pero, debido a la idiosincrasia del tumor, presentaron recidivas locales que precisaron de una nueva cirugía. En su posterior seguimiento no presentaron recaídas y se encuentran libres de enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an intermediate grade spindle-cell sarcoma with a highest incidence in adults between 20 and 40 years old and a trunk location (head, neck and arms). We introduce three case reports of vulvar DFSP considered unusual because of their location. The patients were conducted a free-margin vulvectomy but, due to the nature of the tumor, local reappearances required a second surgery. In the subsequent follow-up they did not suffer from any tumor relapse and they are currently disease-free.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans.

OPINION STATEMENT: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a slow growing tumor with a very low metastatic potential but with significant subclinical extension and great capacity for local destruction. Thus, the first surgeon approached with such challenging tumor must attempt to cure the patient with a method that spares healthy tissue and ensures an optimal oncological, functional, and esthetic result. The treatment of DFSP often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Depending on location, dermatologic surgeons, surgical oncologists, head and neck surgeons, neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, and occasionally medical oncologists may be involved with the management. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the preferred method when available. In our institution, most of the DFSP cases are often advanced cases; thus, dermatologic surgeons obtain clear margins peripherally and other surgical specialties assist with resection of the fascia and any critical deeper structures. When MMS is not available, wide local excision (at least 2- to 3-cm margins of resection) with exhaustive pathologic assessment of margin status is recommended, and it is best to confirm tumor extirpation prior to any reconstruction. Subclinical extension of the tumor could be related to the size; how long it has been growing or histological markers that are unknown right now. No clinical trials comparing MMS vs WLE are available, and further research should be focused on these subjects as well as the use of imatinib and other targeted therapies for recurrent and metastatic tumors and for neoadjuvant treatment.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A propósito de un caso / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: About a case

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es un tumor cutáneo raro, localmente agresivo, con tendencia a la recurrencia local pero que rara vez metastatiza. Constituye el sarcoma de origen cutáneo más común. Representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico para los dermatólogos, debido a la alta tasa de recurrencia local que posee. En el siguiente artículo, presentamos el caso de un paciente con este diagnóstico y su posterior manejo (AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an unusual locally aggressive cutaneous tumor, with tendency to local recurrence but rarely to metastasis. It is the most common cutaneous sarcoma, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for dermatologists, due to the high rate of local recurrence. A male patient diagnosed with DFSP and its subsequent management is reported (AU)

Agminated Fibroblastic Conective Tissue Nevus: A New Clinical Presentation.

Connective tissue nevi are benign hamartomatous lesions in which one or several of the components of the dermis (collagen, elastin, glicosaminoglycans) show predominance or depletion. Recently, de Feraudy et al broadened the spectrum of connective tissue nevus, describing fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN), which is characterized by proliferation of CD34(+) cells of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. Only solitary papules and nodules have been described. We present the first case of FCTN with multiple agminated lesions on the leg of an infant and the difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Report of rare case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the buccal mucosa: review of diagnostic, histopathological and immunohistochemical criteria.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon intermediate-grade soft tissue sarcoma. The tumor is found preferentially on the trunk, whereas the head and neck region are affected in only 10% to 15% of cases. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with a 5-month history of an asymptomatic, firm, yellow nodule in the mucosa of the right cheek measuring 2.5 cm. The clinical diagnosis was lipoma and an excisional biopsy was obtained. Histopathological analysis revealed a proliferation of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells arranged in interlacing fascicles amidst fibrous stroma. Low mitotic activity (2 mitoses per field) and deep cell infiltration into adipose tissue were observed. These features led to the histopathological diagnosis of a malignant low-grade mesenchymal cell tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed negative staining for α-SMA, S-100, and Bcl-2, but positive staining for Ki-67 (18%) and strong and diffuse staining for CD34. These findings were compatible with the diagnosis of DFSP. Only two cases of DFSP in the oral cavity, both involving the cheek mucosa, have been described so far, highlighting the rarity of the present case.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, análisis clínico e histopatológico de los últimos 14 años en población consultante del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, clinical analysis and histopathological of the last 14 years in population consultant of the University Hospital of Chile

Introducción: El Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) es un sarcoma cutáneo infrecuente y poco descrito en la literatura regional. En este trabajo se describió y analizó las características clínicas e histopatológicas de los DFSP tratados en nuestro centro. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de DFSP primarios, confirmados con biopsia entre los años 2002 y 2016 en el Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Resultados: La muestra contó con 18 casos, 67% de sexo femenino, la edad promedio de diagnóstico fue 45,5 años. El 28% de los DFSP se localizaron en tronco, 22% extremidades inferiores, 22% extremidades superiores, 22% región inguinogenital y 6% cervical. Un 22% de las biopsias fueron enviadas con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de DFSP. En la histopatología, todos los DFSP estaban compuestos por células fusiformes, distribuidas en patrón estoriforme que infiltraban hasta el tejido adiposo subcutáneo. La inmunohistoquímica se realizó en 7 casos, siendo positivo para CD34 en todas estas muestras y negativo para el factor XIIIa. En el 50% de los casos se observó compromiso de márgenes quirúrgicos. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados fueron similares a publicaciones internacionales. Se observó mayor frecuencia en mujeres y diagnóstico clínico más tardío. Se constató un bajo índice de sospecha clínica de DFSP, confundiéndose con patologías benignas, lo que podría incidir en la frecuencia de márgenes positivos del estudio. Este trabajo constituye uno de los reportes de series de casos más extensos desarrollado a nivel nacional.

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare skin sarcoma barely described in regional literature. This paper described and analyzed the clinical and histopathologic features of DFSP treated in our center. Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of primary DFSP, confirmed with biopsy between 2002 and 2016 in the Department of Pathology of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital (HCUCh). Results: The sample had 18 cases, 67% female, the average age of diagnosis was 45.5 years. The 28% of DFSP were located on the trunk, 22% lower limbs, 22% upper limbs, 22% inguino-genital region and 6% on the cervical region. A 22% of the biopsies were sent with presumptive clinical diagnosis of DFSP. On histopathology, all DFSP were composed of spindle- shaped cells distributed in storiform pattern, infiltrating to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 7 cases, being positive for CD34 in all of these samples and negative for factor XIIIa. In 50% of cases surgical margins were positive. Conclusions: Our results were similar to international publications. Higher frequency was observed in females and a delayed clinical diagnosis. There was a low index of clinical suspicion of DFSP, often confused with benign conditions, which could have influenced the high frequency of positive margins found in the study. This paper is one of the most extensive reports of case series developed nationwide.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans es un sarcoma de partes blandas, de malignidad intermedia y lento crecimiento. Afecta adultos jóvenes y a todas las etnias, aunque algunos trabajos observan cierta predilección por la etnia negra. La localizaciónhabitual es en tronco, extremidades proximales y en menor medida encabeza y cuello. El tratamiento de elección es la exéresis quirúrgica con preferencia por la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs. Presentamos seis pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 2 mujeres y 4 varones de entre 24 a 52 años. Hasta el momento, 5 de ellos recibieron tratamientoquirúrgico (técnica micrográfica de Mohs en 4 pacientes y cirugía convencional en el restante). No se observaron recidivas en un período de seguimiento promediode 20 meses...

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans atrófico congénito: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Congenital atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a case report and literature review

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) atrófico congénito es un tumor extremadamente poco frecuente, con contados reportes en la literatura mundial. Habitualmente el diagnóstico se demora años y se confunde con diversas marcas de nacimiento o con otras lesiones que cursan con atrofia cutánea. El comportamiento biológico sería, sin embargo, similar al de las otras formas de DFSP que se presentan en el niño y en el adulto, con alto riesgo de recurrencia tras la resección tumoral, por lo cual es importante conocer el aspecto para sospechar el diagnóstico. El estudio histopatológico se debe complementar con la inmunotinción con CD34, un marcador de utilidad no solo para aclarar el diagnóstico, sino también para guiar el tratamiento en la Cirugía de Mohs, que es en la actualidad el tratamiento de elección. La patogenia del DFSP se relacionaría con una mutación genética que provocaría una sobreproducción del factor de crecimiento derivado de las plaquetas que llevaría a un crecimiento celular maligno estimulado autocrinamente. El principal diagnóstico diferencial del DFSP atrófico congénito, tanto clínico como histopatológico, es el hamartoma dendrocítico dérmico tipo medallón, tumor congénito benigno descrito el año 2004. Presentamos el caso de un niño a quien se le diagnosticó un DFSP atrófico congénito a los 13 años de edad, después de haber sido reiteradamente interpretado como una lesión sin importancia. En este caso, se realizó resección con márgenes amplios, porque la ubicación anatómica lo permitía. En el control a los 18 meses después del tratamiento, el paciente no ha presentado recurrencias.

Congenital atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is an extremely rare tumor, with few reports in world literature. Usually the diagnosis take a lot of years and get confused with many birthmarks or other lesions that present with cutaneous atrophy. However, the biological behavior would be similar to other forms of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) shown in children and adults, with high risk of recurrence after surgical resection, that is why is so important to know the aspect to suspect the diagnosis. The histopathological study is complemented by the CD34 inmuno staining, used to clarify the diagnosis and to guide the treatment in Mohs micrographic surgery, which is currently the treatment of choice. The pathogenesis of DFSP would be related to a genetic mutation that induce an overproduction of platelet-derived growth factor that would lead to autocrine-stimulated malignant cell growth. The main differential diagnosis, clinical and histological, is the medallion-like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma, a congenital tumor first described in 2004. We report the case of a child who was diagnosed with a congenital atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans at the age of 13, after been repeatedly interpreted as a lesion without any importance. In this case, a resection with wide margins was made, because the anatomical location allowed it. The patient has not shown any recurrence of the tumor after 18 months of treatment.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: revisión de la literatura / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: literature review

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFS-P) es una neoplasia de partes blandas y cutánea poco frecuente, de crecimiento superficial con tendencia a recurrir localmente y bajo potencial metastásico. Ocurre en personas de edad media, preferentemente en tronco y zonas proximales de extremidades. Requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica, ya que inicialmente puede ser similar a una cicatriz hipertrófica o a un dermatofibroma. A continuación se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre este tumor poco frecuente, con énfasis en las características clínicas y las opciones terapéuticas actualizadas según las guías 2010 de la National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN).

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFS-P) is a soft cutaneous neoplasm, pretty rare, with superficial growing, that tends to local recurrence. Usually it present at medium age, in trunk and the beginning of extremities. It is very difficult to diagnose at the beginning because its similarity with hypertrophic scar or dermatofibroma. We present a review in the literature of DFS-P, with emphasizing the early clinical manifestations and the different therapeutic agents recently approved by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).

Congenital dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Congenital dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare dermal and subcutaneous neoplasm of low-grade malignant behavior that is characterized by a low frequency of metastases with locally invasive growth. Its occurrence at birth and during childhood is rare. We present a case of a patient who was born with a light brown macule on his right buttock that was misdiagnosed as localized scleroderma. The lesion progressed into reddish atrophic plaques and nodules extending to the iliac region and the gluteal fold. At 5 years of age, a diagnosis of congenital DFSP was made based on clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics (CD34 positivity and spindle cell proliferation). Although there was a delay in diagnosis, a 3-step excision was proposed with a final step of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans pigmentado: tumor de Bednard / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: bednar tumor

El Tumor de Bednard es una rara forma de presentación del Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, clasificado como un sarcoma de bajo grado con alta agresividad local y tendencia a la recurrencia cuando no presenta márgenes quirúrgicos adecuados. Presenta una difícil aproximación inicial y notoria demora en el correcto diagnóstico, lo que muchas veces influye negativamente en su pronóstico. Presentamos en el siguiente reporte un paciente de 24 años con diagnóstico de Tumor de Bednard, que se presentó como un tumor sólido subcutáneo de larga data.

Bednard tumor is a rare form of presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. It is classified as a low-grade sarcoma with high local aggressiveness and relapse tendency when inadequate surgical margins are present after surgery. Diagnosis is difficult and shows a marked delay in the correct diagnosis, affecting the prognosis. We present a case-report of a patient with the diagnosis of Bednard tumor presented as a subcutaneous long standing solid tumor.