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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(10)2024 May 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791526

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical threats to global public health in the 21st century, causing a large number of deaths every year in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies can be exploited to prevent and treat diseases caused by AMR pathogens, thereby reducing antibiotic use and decreasing selective pressure that favors the emergence of resistant strains. Here, differences in the mechanism of action and resistance of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies compared to antibiotics are discussed. The state of the art for vaccine technologies and monoclonal antibodies are reviewed, with a particular focus on approaches validated in clinical studies. By underscoring the scope and limitations of the different emerging technologies, this review points out the complementary of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in fighting AMR. Gaps in antigen discovery for some pathogens, as well as challenges associated with the clinical development of these therapies against AMR pathogens, are highlighted.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
3.
Internet resource in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LIS -Health Information Locator | ID: lis-49231

ABSTRACT

Um novo relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) revela altos níveis de resistência em bactérias que causam sepse, além de aumentar a resistência a tratamentos de várias bactérias que causam infecções comuns entre a população, com base em dados relatados por 87 países em 2020.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Humans , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology
4.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 20(3): e3850, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280446

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana pone en peligro la salud y la supervivencia de los seres humanos, aumenta la carga económica de la sociedad y los pacientes. Es un fenómeno global por lo que Cuba no queda exenta. Objetivos: Exponer el impacto social y económico de la resistencia antimicrobiana desde el punto de vista filosófico y describir el rol de una medida preventiva en la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas que fueron localizadas mediante la base de datos Pubmed, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Desarrollo: Se analizan los aspectos sociales, económicos y éticos relacionados con la resistencia bacteriana y se ejemplifica una medida preventiva en la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Además, se analiza la relación entre fármacos antibacterianos, resistencia bacteriana y medidas de prevención y control desde el punto de vista de ciencia-tecnología-sociedad. Conclusiones: La sociedad humana se desarrolla y progresa constantemente bajo la promoción de la ciencia y la tecnología. En pocas décadas, los antibióticos han pasado de ser "drogas milagrosas de gran impacto para la salud" a ser "un recurso no renovable en vías de extinción". Se deben adoptar las acciones pertinentes para frenar el desarrollo de la resistencia bacteriana con un enfoque multisectorial. Se requiere una gobernanza, optimización del uso de antibióticos, apoyos de políticas de salud y un fortalecimiento de los programas de prevención y control de infecciones(AU)


Introduction: Bacterial resistance endangers the health and survival of human beings and increases the economic burden on society and patients. It is a global phenomenon; therefore, Cuba is not exempted from it. Objective: To present the social and economic impact of antimicrobial resistance from a philosophical point of view as well as to describe the role of a preventive measure to stop antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A review of bibliographic sources was carried out in databases such as PubMed and the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library; Google Scholar search engine was also used. Development: Social, economic and ethical aspects related to bacterial resistance are analyzed. A preventive measure to stop antimicrobial resistance is described. In addition, the relationship between antibacterial drugs, bacterial resistance and prevention and control measures is analyzed from the point of view of science-technology-society. Conclusions: Human society is constantly developing and progressing under the promotion of science and technology. In just a few decades, antibiotics have gone from being "miracle drugs of great impact on health" to being "a non-renewable resource in danger of extinction". Necessary measures such as the optimization of the use of antibiotics, a health policy support, and a health strategy for the prevention and control of infections must be taken to stop the development of bacterial resistance(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Survival , Infection Control , Survivorship , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Health Policy
5.
Enferm. glob ; 19(59): 214-227, jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-198889

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar la colonización por ESKAPES y las características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para Adultos de un hospital mixto en Paraná. MÉTODO: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, documental y experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, desarollada en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos adultos de un hospital mixto en el suroeste de Paraná, Brasil. La población del estudio consistió en pacientes con ingreso de 48 horas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de abril a agosto de 2018 y de abril a agosto de 2019. La muestra totalizó 102 individuos. Para la recopilación de datos clínicos, se utilizó un Checklist y para el análisis microbiológico se recogieron muestras de las cavidades nasales y orales y la secreción traqueal. El análisis de los datos clínicos se produjo a través del software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se realizaron pruebas de frecuencia y chi-cuadrado, teniendo en cuenta la p < 0,05 significativa. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron un total de 102 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante el período estudiado. De ellos, 57 (55,8%) fueron colonizados por microorganismos patógenos. En cuanto a la colonización por microorganismos, predominan Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) y Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). Cabe destacar que Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus estuvieron presentes en las tres regiones evaluadas. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio identificó la presencia de colonización en pacientes en estado crítico estudiados, siendo esta colonización, en su mayoría, por bacterias resistentes pertenecientes al grupo ESKAPE


OBJECTIVE: To identify colonization by ESKAPES and clinical characteristics of patients admitted in Adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Paraná. METHOD: Field research, descriptive, documentary and experimental quantitative approach, developed in adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Southwest Paraná, Brazil. The study population consisted of patients with admission from 48 hours in the Intensive Care Unit, from April to August 2018 and April to August 2019. The sample has 102 individuals. For the collection of clinical data, a checklist was used and for microbiological analysis the sample was collected from nasal and oral cavities and tracheal secretion. The analysis of clinical data occurred through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Descriptive frequency and chi-square test, considering significant p <0,05. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the period studied were evaluated. On these ones, 57 (55,8%) were colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the colonization of microorganisms, there was predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). It is noteworthy that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were present in the three regions evaluated. CONCLUSION: The study identified the presence of colonization in critically ill patients studied, being this colonization, mostly, resistant bacteria belonging to the ESKAPE group


OBJETIVO: Identificar a colonização por ESKAPES e características clínicas de pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto de um hospital misto do Paraná. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, documental e experimental com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital misto do Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. A população do estudo constituiu-se pelos pacientes com admissão a partir de 48 horas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de abril a agosto de 2018 e de abril a agosto de 2019. A amostra totalizou 102 indivíduos. Para a coleta de dados clínicos foi utilizado um Checklist e para a análise microbiológica foram coletadas amostras das cavidades nasal e oral e secreção traqueal. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Realizou-se frequência descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado, considerando significativo p <0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva durante o período pesquisado. Destes, 57 (55,8%) estavam colonizados por microrganismos patogênicos. Em relação à colonização de microrganismos, houve predominância de Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) e Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). Vale ressaltar que, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus estiveram presentes nas três regiões avaliadas. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo identificou a presença de colonização nos pacientes criticamente enfermos pesquisados, sendo essa colonização, em sua maioria, por bactérias resistentes pertencentes ao grupo ESKAPE


Subject(s)
Humans , Colony Count, Microbial/methods , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Klebsiella pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Enterobacter/pathogenicity , Drug Approval/organization & administration , Drugs, Investigational/administration & dosage , Drug Resistance, Multiple/immunology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
6.
Prensa méd. argent ; 105(4): 192-196, jun 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1026848

ABSTRACT

It has been found that the antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria depends on the composition of the nutrient medium and the temperature of culturing. It has been shown that the best antimicrobial effect to mycobacteria is achieved by the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria on the MRS nutrient media and a combined nutrient medium with the use of lactulose or glucose as a source of carbon. The optimum temperature for culturing an association of lactic acid bacteria for achieving high antagonistic activity to mycobacteria is 300C, and the duration of cultivation is 24 hours.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/etiology , Lactic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Culture Media , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Noxae
8.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(7): 406-408, ago.-sept. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155484

ABSTRACT

Los aislamientos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos se producen cada vez con más frecuencia, haciendo conveniente establecer tratamientos combinados de los que fosfomicina puede formar parte. Los criterios para establecer la sensibilidad de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a fosfomicina han sido aprobados utilizando un método de dilución en agar. Sin embargo, los sistemas de microdilución comercializados son los más utilizados en la práctica diaria. Los resultados de este estudio indican que estos métodos resultan aceptables cuando se quiera conocer el comportamiento de estos microorganismos frente a fosfomicina


Carbapenems-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has been widely reported. Fosfomycin has been shown to act synergistically with other antimicrobials. The agar dilution method was approved for susceptibility testing for fosfomycin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, broth microdilution methods are the basis of systems currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories. The results of this study indicate that these methods are acceptable as susceptibility testing methods for fosfomycin against these organisms


Subject(s)
Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Colony Count, Microbial/methods , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Fosfomycin/pharmacokinetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Carbapenems/pharmacokinetics
9.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 29(supl.1): 6-9, sept. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155912

ABSTRACT

La resistencia de los microorganismos grampositivos a los antimicrobianos clásicos y nuevos implica retos terapéuticos. En España la resistencia a la meticilina de Staphylococcus aureus (25-30%) y de los estafilococos coagulasa negativa (50-60%) se ha estabilizado en la última década. En los enterococos, la resistencia a la vancomicina es inferior al 5%. Tanto linezolid como daptomicina presentan, en general, buena actividad frente a estos microorganismos. Sin embargo, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, son preocupantes la resistencia de Staphylococcus epidermidis a linezolid (20,9%) y de Enterococcus faecium a daptomicina (10,5%) (AU)


Resistance among Gram-positive microorganisms to classical and new antimicrobials is a therapeutic threat. In Spain, methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus (25-30%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (50-60%) seems to have stabilized in the last decade. Among enterococci, vancomycin resistance is less than 5%. Both linezolid and daptomycin, in general, show good activity against these microorganisms. However, the resistance rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis to linezolid (20.9%), and of Enterococcus faecium to daptomycin (10.5%) in isolates from intensive care units are a worrying (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Gram-Positive Bacteria/pathogenicity , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/pathogenicity , Linezolid/therapeutic use , Daptomycin/therapeutic use , Methicillin Resistance , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
10.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 29(supl.1): 10-14, sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155913

ABSTRACT

La inadecuación del tratamiento antibiótico es frecuente en estos modelos de infección y puede tener consecuencias en el pronóstico de los pacientes. Si consideramos la infección de piel y partes blandas, el documento plantea que para la instauración del un tratamiento adecuado deberemos valorar la gravedad, la comorbilidad del paciente y los factores de riesgo de infección por patógenos multirresistentes. El concepto de neumonía socio-sanitaria es discutido y da lugar a errores en el diagnóstico etiológico y, por tanto, en la instauración del tratamiento antibiótico. Este documento discute como realizar esta aproximación a la posible etiología para orientar el tratamiento empírico (AU)


Antibiotic treatment inadequacy is common in these sites of infection and may have implications for the patient’s prognosis. In acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, the document states that for the establishment of an adequate treatment it must be assessed the severity, the patient comorbidity and the risk factors for multidrug-resistant microorganism. The concept of health care-associated pneumonia is discussed and leads to errors in the etiologic diagnosis and therefore in the selection of antibiotic treatment. This paper discusses how to perform this approach to the possible etiology to guide empirical treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Empiricism , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
11.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 29(supl.1): 26-30, sept. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155916

ABSTRACT

La rápida diseminación de las bacterias multirresistentes se ha convertido en una grave amenaza, especialmente en las unidades de cuidados críticos, prolongando la estancia hospitalaria. Las enterobacterias tienen una alta capacidad de adaptación a cualquier medio. Son los plásmidos los que les facilita su expansión. La elección de un tratamiento empírico adecuado para la infección intraabdominal complicada y para la infección urinaria exige el conocimiento de la variabilidad microbiológica intrínseca de cada hospital o unidad de cuidados críticos, así como el origen de la infección, la seguridad o la toxicidad del antibiótico, la interacción con otras fármacos, la pauta de administración y la presencia de factores de riesgo. Los carbapenémicos son el fármaco de elección ante la sospecha de enterobacterias productoras de b-lactamasas de expectro extendido (BLEE). Los nuevos antimicrobianos, ceftazidima-avibactam y ceftolozano-tazobactam, abren nuevos horizontes esperanzadores en el tratamiento de enterobacterias multirresistentes (AU)


The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become a serious threat, especially in critical care units, thereby prolonging the hospital stay. Enterobacteriaceae have a high capacity to adapt to any environment. Plasmids are the reason behind their expansion. The choice of empiric therapy for intra-abdominal or urinary infections requires knowledge of the intrinsic microbiological variability of each hospital or critical care unit, as well as the source of infection, safety or antibiotic toxicity, interaction with other drugs, the dosage regimen and the presence of risk factors. Carbapenems are the drug of choice in the case of suspected infection by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The new ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftolozane/tazobactam drugs are opening up promising new horizons in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacteria/pathogenicity , Penicillinase/therapeutic use , Enterobacteriaceae/pathogenicity , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Empiricism , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
12.
Int. microbiol ; 18(2): 85-90, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-143385

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolone resistance can be conferred through chromosomal mutations or by the acquisition of plasmids carrying genes such as the quinolone resistance gene (qnr). In this study, 3,309 strains of commensal Escherichia coli were isolated in Ecuador from: (i) humans and chickens in a rural northern coastal area (n = 2368, 71.5%) and (ii) chickens from an industrial poultry operation (n = 827, 25%). In addition, 114 fluoroquinolone-resistant strains from patients with urinary tract infections who were treated at three urban hospitals in Quito, Ecuador were analyzed. All of the isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility screening. Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (FRIs) were then screened for the presence of qnrB genes. A significantly higher phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones was determined in E. coli strains from chickens in both the rural area (22%) and the industrial operation (10%) than in strains isolated from humans in the rural communities (3%). However, the rates of qnrB genes in E. coli isolates from healthy humans in the rural communities (11 of 35 isolates, 31%) was higher than in chickens from either the industrial operations (3 of 81 isolates, 6%) or the rural communities (7 of 251 isolates, 2.8%). The occurrence of qnrB genes in human FRIs obtained from urban hospitals was low (1 of 114 isolates, 0.9%). These results suggested that the qnrB gene is more widely distributed in rural settings, where antibiotic usage is low, than in urban hospitals and industrial poultry operations. The role of qnrB in clinical resistance to fluoroquinolones is thus far unknown (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluoroquinolones/immunology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Quinolones/pharmacokinetics
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 918-926, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753940

ABSTRACT

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are indigenous microorganisms occurring in pork sausages. The utilization of selected autochthonous LAB may improve the safety of meat products. This study aims to enumerate and identify LAB in pork sausage and to characterize their safety properties, such as antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial activity. A total of 189 sealed packages of pork sausages were collected in seven municipalities (27 samples in each city) of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microbiological analyses were performed to enumerate LAB. Two pre-selection criteria were applied to 567 isolates of LAB: catalase activity and tolerance to pH 2. A total of 32 strains of UFLA SAU were selected, characterized phenotypically and identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing. The susceptibility to antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of isolates was evaluated. The LAB count ranged from 3.079 to 8.987 log10 CFU/g. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei were identified in the samples. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 and 258 showed a profile of susceptibility to four antimicrobials: erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. In the antibacterial activity test, with exception of UFLA SAU 1, all other strains showed efficiency in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhiand Listeria monocytogenes. In the statistical analysis there was interaction among strains of Lactobacillus against the pathogens tested. L. monocytogenes (P=0.05) was more sensitive to Lactobacillus strains and the highest inhibitory activity against this pathogen was achieved by strains UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 and 258. Thus, UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 and 258 possess safety characteristics for application in meat products.


Bactérias ácido-lácticas (BAL) são microrganismos indígenas em linguiças. A utilização de selecionadas BAL autóctones pode melhorar a segurança dos produtos cárneos. Este estudo objetivou enumerar e identificar BAL em linguiças suínas e caracterizar suas propriedades de segurança, como a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a atividade antibacteriana. Um total de 189 embalagens fechadas de linguiça suína foi adquirido em sete municípios (27 amostras em cada cidade) de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Análises microbiológicas para a enumeração de BAL foram realizadas. Dois critérios de pré-seleção foram aplicados para os 567 isolados de BAL: atividade catalase e tolerância ao pH 2. Um total de 32 estirpes UFLA SAU foi selecionado, caracterizado fenotipicamente e identificado por meio do sequenciamento da região 16S rDNA. A susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e a atividade antimicrobiana dos isolados foram avaliadas. Nas linguiças, a contagem de BAL variou de 3,079 a 8,987log10 UFC/g. Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus paracasei foram identificados nas amostras. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 e 258 apresentaram um perfil de suscetibilidade a quatro antimicrobianos: eritromicina, ampicilina, cloranfenicol e gentamicina. No teste de atividade antibacteriana, com exceção da UFLA SAU 1, todas as outras estirpes mostraram eficiência em inibir Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi e Listeria monocytogenes. Na análise estatística, houve interação entre estirpes de Lactobacillus contra os patógenos testados. L. monocytogenes (P=0,05) foi mais sensível às estirpes de Lactobacillus, e a maior atividade inibitória contra este patógeno foi apresentada por estirpes UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 e 258. Assim, estirpes UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 e 258 possuem características de segurança para aplicação em produtos cárneos.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Lactobacillus/classification , Meat Products/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Swine/microbiology , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/veterinary
14.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-133230

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las actuales medidas de prevención frente a la enfermedad neonatal causada por Streptococcus agalactiae, estreptococo del grupoB (EGB), son la realización de un cribado prenatal y la administración de profilaxis antibiótica intraparto con antimicrobianos adecuados. Una alternativa a esta estrategia sería la administración de una vacuna polisacarídica, por lo que es necesario conocer la distribución de serotipos capsulares de las cepas circulantes. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 188 cepas procedentes de gestantes del área sanitaria norte de Granada portadoras vaginorrectales de EGB y 24 de recién nacidos con enfermedad neonatal enviadas al laboratorio desde distintos hospitales andaluces. Se realizó antibiograma frente a penicilina, eritromicina y clindamicina siguiendo las normas del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), y se determinó su serotipo capsular mediante 2 métodos: aglutinación con partículas de látex y métodos moleculares. RESULTADOS: De las 188 cepas de S.agalactiae pertenecientes a mujeres embarazadas, se obtuvo una concordancia en los resultados del 80,8% entre ambas técnicas. Se detectó resistencia a eritromicina y clindamicina en el 16,5 y el 10,1% de cepas, respectivamente. En las cepas neonatales, en el 95,8% de los aislados los resultados obtenidos por ambas técnicas fueron coincidentes. Las tasas de resistencia frente a eritromicina y clindamicina fueron del 8,3 y del 4,1%, respectivamente. En ambos grupos de aislados el serotipo más frecuente fue el III y el más relacionado con resistencia frente a antimicrobianos, el V. CONCLUSIÓN: Se deberían realizar más estudios epidemiológicos que permitan continuar con una vigilancia de los serotipos causantes de enfermedad invasiva así como sus patrones de sensibilidad antibiótica utilizando métodos sensibles y específicos


INTRODUCTION: Current preventive measures against neonatal disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) are prenatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with appropriate antimicrobials. An alternative to this strategy would be the administration of a polysaccharide vaccine as the distribution of capsular serotypes of circulating strains needs to be known. METHODS: A study was made of 188 strains from pregnant women carrying GBS and 24 newborns with neonatal disease. Susceptibility testing was performed with penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin following CLSI standards, and capsular serotype was determined by two methods: latex agglutination and PCR. RESULTS: Of the 188 strains of S.agalactiae from the pregnant women, there was 80.8% agreement in the results between the two techniques. Resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin was found in 16.5% and 10.1%, respectively. For neonatal strains, 95.8% of the results obtained by the two techniques were identical. The rates of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were 8.3% and 4.1%, respectively. In both groups, most frequently isolated serotype was III, and the most related to antimicrobial resistance serotype was V. CONCLUSIÓN: Epidemiological studies are necessary to continue surveillance of serotypes causing invasive disease and its antibiotic sensitivity patterns using sensitive and specific methods


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Streptococcal Infections/immunology , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity , Serotyping/methods , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Mass Screening , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Clindamycin/analysis , Penicillin Resistance , Erythromycin/analysis
16.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 4-10, ene. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-118333

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El incremento de Salmonella enterica multirresistente a los antibióticos, incluidos β-lactámicos y fluoroquinolonas, es un problema de importancia clínica. La propagación de Salmonella Typhimurium resistente a ampicilina (AMP)-cloranfenicol (CHL)-estreptomicina (STR)-sulfamidas (SUL)-tetraciclina (TET) portadoras de la Isla Genómica de Salmonella de tipo 1 (SGI1) y la captación de material genético transferible han favorecido la multirresistencia en este género. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 114 aislados clínicos de S.enterica (período 2009-2010). Se determinó la sensibilidad a 20 antibióticos por difusión en disco y microdilución. Los mecanismos de resistencia e integrones se analizaron por PCR y secuenciación en los aislados AMPR. En los aislados portadores del gen blaPSE-1 se determinó la relación clonal mediante PFGE, y la presencia de la SGI1 y 29 genes de virulencia mediante PCR. RESULTADOS: Entre los 114aislados analizados se detectaron 18serotipos distintos, destacando entre ellos Typhimurium (61%) y Enteritidis (16%). Se observaron altos porcentajes de resistencia a SUL (68%), TET (58%), AMP (55%) y STR (46%). El 92% de los 63 aislados AMPR fueron multirresistentes, siendo el más frecuente el fenotipo AMP-STR-TET-SUL (19aislados) asociado al genotipo blaTEM-1b+strA-strB+tet(B)+sul2. El 48% de los aislados presentaron integrones de clase1 (7 estructuras distintas), destacando la estructura blaOXA-1+aadA1 (8aislados), un integrón vacío e integrones no clásicos (5aislados). El gen blaPSE-1 se detectó dentro de la SGI1 clásica en 13 aislados clonalmente relacionados y portadores del mismo perfil de virulencia: CONCLUSIONES: El alto porcentaje de S.enterica multirresistentes, especialmente asociado a S.Typhimurium, al fenotipo AMP, STR, TET y SUL y al genotipo blaTEM-1b+strA-strB+tet(B)+sul2 evidencia un riesgo importante de posibles fracasos en el tratamiento de infecciones graves producidas por este serotipo


INTRODUCTION: The increase of Salmonella enterica isolates multi-resistant to different antibiotics, including-lactams and fluoroquinolones, is a problem of clinical importance. The dissemination of Salmonella Typhimurium resistant to ampicillin (AMP)-chloramphenicol (CHL)-streptomycin (STR)-sulphonamides and(SUL)-tetracycline (TET), that harbour the Salmonella Genomic Island type 1 (SGI1), and the acquisitionof transferable genetic material have favoured the multi-resistance in this genus.METHODS: A total of 114 clinical S. enterica isolates were studied (period 2009-2010). The The susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion and microdilution. The antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and the integrons were analysed by PCR, and sequencing in the AMPR isolates. In all the blaPSE-1-positive isolates, the clonal relationship was determined by PFGE, as well as the presence of SGI1 and 29 virulence genes by PCR. RESULTS: Eighteen different serotypes were found among the 114isolates studied, Typhimurium (61%) and Enteritidis (16%) being the most prevalent. High percentages of resistance to SUL (68%), TET (58%), AMP (55%) and STR (46%) were observed. The great majority (92%) of 63 AMPR isolates were multi-resistant, with the AMP-STR-TET-SUL phenotype (19 isolates) being the most frequent one and associated with the blaTEM-1b+strA-strB+tet(B)+sul2 genotype. Class1 integrons (7 different structures) were observed in 48% AMPR isolates, highlighting the blaOXA-1+ aadA1 structure (8 isolates), one empty integron and non-classical integrons (5isolates). The blaPSE-1 gene was detected inside the classical SGI1 structure in 13 clonally-related isolates that showed the same virulence profile. CONCLUSIONS: The high percentage of multi-resistant S.enterica isolates, especially associated to S.Typhimurium, to the AMP, STR, TET and SUL phenotype, and to the blaTEM-1b+strA-strB+tet(B)+sul2 genotype, shows an important risk of possible failures in the treatment of serious infections caused by this serotype


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Virulence/immunology , Salmonella enterica/pathogenicity , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Ampicillin Resistance/immunology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
17.
Medisur ; 11(2)2013.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-54894

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones provocadas por cepas resistentes se hacen cada día más difíciles de tratar con los antibióticos disponibles. Las causadas por Staphylococcus aureus multirresistente han alcanzado niveles sin precedentes y escasean los medicamentos efectivos para combatirla. La resistencia bacteriana es un problema global que disminuye las opciones terapéuticas en infecciones intra y extrahospitalarias y aumenta las posibilidades de fracaso y los costos de los tratamientos. Esta revisión pretende describir los mecanismos de resistencia de las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y caracterizar las oxazolidinonas (linezolid), como una alternativa para el tratamiento de infecciones por este germen(AU)


Infections caused by resistant strains are becoming more difficult to treat with available antibiotics. Those caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have reached unprecedented levels and effective drugs to treat them are often scarce. Bacterial resistance is a global problem that decreases therapeutic options in infections of both, hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. They increase the chances of failure as well as treatment costs. This review is aimed at describing the resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus strains and at characterizing oxazolidinones (linezolid), as an alternative for the treatment of infections caused by this germ(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Oxazolidinones/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology
18.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(9): 612-614, nov. 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-95313

ABSTRACT

Se ha evaluado la penetración intracelular y la actividad de UB-8902 en leucocitos polimorfomucleares humanos. La concentración intracelular de UB-8902 fue más de 6 veces superior a la concentración extracelular. La penetración intracelular fue un proceso rápido, reversible, saturable y no se afectó por el pH del medio. UB-8902 se mostró activo intracelularmente frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus que presentaban mutaciones en los genes gyrA y/o grlA, asociadas a resistencia a fluorquinolonas (AU)


The intracellular penetration and activity of UB-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. Intracellular UB-8902 concentrations were 6-fold higher than extracellular levels. Uptake was rapid, reversible, saturable, and affected by external pH. UB-8902 showed intracellular activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains presenting mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyrA and/or grlA genes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Intracellular Space/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacokinetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
19.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 12(47): 457-482, jul.-sept. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-82167

ABSTRACT

En la última década se han sucedido cambios importantes relativos a la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI) en los países desarrollados. Con la generalización de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada heptavalente (VNC-7), se ha constatado la efectividad de la vacuna para disminuir la ENI por los serotipos incluidos en dicha vacuna (STV), pero también han surgido nuevos serotipos no incluidos y que han emergido con fuerza como productores de ENI. Afortunadamente, la carga de la enfermedad invasiva ahora provocada por los no vacunales en niños menores de cinco años es sensiblemente menor que la que provocaron los STV en la era prevacunal, y esta tendencia parece estable en el tiempo. Pero este proceso se ha seguido en paralelo por cambios similares en la colonización nasofaríngea por neumococos, muy frecuente en niños menores de cinco años, de manera que en la actualidad los STV han disminuido radicalmente en portadores sanos, y han sido sustituidos por no vacunales que terminan produciendo ENI. Este reemplazo de serotipos ha tenido también como consecuencia que las resistencias a antibióticos hayan descendido, ya que estas eran más prevalentes entre los STV. Recientemente se han comercializado dos nuevas vacunas conjugadas que amplían la protección a nuevos serotipos. Este artículo pretende repasar los cambios que se han producido y las expectativas e incertidumbres que se abren en esta nueva etapa de las vacunas neumocócicas conjugadas(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/immunology , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Mass Vaccination/trends , Vaccination
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