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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 25(1): 42-46, mar. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99752

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Streptococcus agalactiae es el agente etiológico más prevalente de enfermedad invasiva en el recién nacido (sepsis, neumonía y meningitis), además de tener un papel importante en fiebres puerperales, infecciones del tracto urinario e infecciones postquirúrgicas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue conocer la evolución de la resistencia a macrólidos y lincosamidas. Métodos. El fenotipo de resistencia se estableció mediante aproximación de discos (eritromicina-clindamicina): M (bomba de expulsión) o MLSB (metilasa). Los mecanismos genéticos de resistencia se establecieron mediante PCR para los genes ermB, ermA, ermTR, mefA/E. El tipado molecular se realizó por macrorrestricción de ADN cromosómico y electroforesis en campo pulsado. Resultados. Durante 8 años se aislaron 300 cepas de S. agalactiae, de las que 78 (26%) cepas fueron resistentes a eritromicina y 70 (23%) cepas fueron resistentes a lincosamidas. El 21% presentaron fenotipo MLSB constitutivo (todas portadoras del gen ermB, excepto una) y CMI90 para eritromicina ≥ 256 mg/L. El 2.3% presentaron fenotipo MLSB inducible (todas portadoras del gen ermTR) con CMI90 = 6 mg/L y el 2,7% fenotipo M (todas portadoras de los genes mefA/E) con CMI90 = 6 mg/L. El estudio de identidad clonal reveló dos clones predominantes que incluían el 56,6% de las cepas estudiadas. El 90,5% de las cepas del clon A portaban el gen ermB. Conclusiones. El estado de resistencia en nuestra área geográfica se encuentra en el límite superior del detectado en el resto del país, pero no se ha observado incremento a lo largo del periodo estudiado(AU)


Introduction. Streptococcus agalactiae is the most prevalent agent of invasive disease in the newborn (sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis), as well as an important cause of puerperal fever, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection. The aim of our study was to know the evolution of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in this microorganism. Methods. Resistance phenotypes were established according to the erythromycin-clindamycin induction test: M (efflux pump) or MLSB (methylase). Genetic mechanisms were detected by PCR for the following genes: ermB, ermA, ermTR, and mefA/E. Molecular typing was based on chromosomal DNA macrorestriction and detection of fragments using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. During 8 years, 300 isolates of S. agalactiae were recovered. Seventy-eight (26%) were resistant to macrolides, and seventy (23%) were resistant to lincosamides. Constitutive MLSB was observed in 21% of the isolates (all but one carrying the ermB gene), with a erythromycin MIC90 ≥ 256 mg/L. Inducible MLSB was observed in 2.3% of the isolates (all carrying the ermTR gene), with a MIC90 of 6 mg/L. M phenotype was observed in 2.7% of the isolates (all carrying the mefA/E gene), with a MIC90 of 6 mg/L. Molecular typing revealed the presence of two major clones (A and B) comprising 56.6% of the isolates. Most of the isolates (90.5%) belonging to clon A carried the ermB gene. Conclusions. Macrolide resistance in our area is similar to that observed in the rest of Spain, but there has been no increase in the incidence rate along the study period(AU)


Subject(s)
Macrolides/analysis , Macrolides/pharmacology , Macrolides/pharmacokinetics , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Erythromycin/pharmacokinetics , Clindamycin/pharmacokinetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/trends , Streptococcus agalactiae , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/trends , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
2.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 211(4): 187-191, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87964

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir un brote de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente productora de metalo-beta-lactamasa (MBL). Material y métodos. En mayo de 2009, se detectaron seis aislamientos consecutivos de P. aeruginosa con un mismo antibiotipo (perfil de resistencia a imipenem y cefalosporinas manteniendo sensibilidad a aztreonam) que indicaban la producción de carbapenemasas. Se investigó la posibilidad de su origen clonal y la presencia de MBL mediante caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de los seis aislados y se estudió si estos codificaban la MBL tipo VIM. Secundariamente, se analizaron de forma retrospectiva todos los aislamientos de las mismas características de todo el año 2009 con objeto de establecer la posibilidad de infección endémica. Resultados. Se encontraron dos clones según el perfil en electroforesis de campo pulsado, el más frecuente representado por 4 aislados. Todas procedían de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El 100% de las cepas del brote se consideran multirresistentes. Se confirmó mediante PCR la presencia de genes del tipo VIM relacionadas con la producción de MBL en el 100% de los aislados correspondientes al pulsotipo 1. Conclusiones. Se detecta la existencia de un brote de P. aeruginosa productora de MBL. Se plantea un evidente problema terapéutico y de control de la infección nosocomial. Se debe extremar las medidas de aislamiento y realizar controles sistemáticos de presencia de MBL, dada la prevalencia elevada en nuestro entorno(AU)


Objective. To describe the nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). Material and methods. In May 2009, six consecutive isolations of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected. These were characterized by their profile of resistance to imipenem and cephalosporins and sensibility to aztreonam, this suggesting the production of carbapenemases. The isolations were screened for MBL and a PCR for the detection of the VIM gene was performed. Secondary, all of the isolations having the same characteristics in the year 2009 were analyzed retrospectively in order to establish the possibility of an endemic infection. Results. The molecular typing of the isolates revealed two clones in Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), the most frequent (Type 1) being represented by 4 isolates. All of them came from patients who were in the Intensive Care Unit. All (100%) of the isolates of the outbreak were considered to be multiresistant. PCR confirmed the presence of the VIM gene related with the production of MBL in 100% of the isolates corresponding to pulsotype 1. Conclusions. We detected the existence of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase. Am evident therapeutic problem as well as a problem of nosocomial infection was considered. The isolation means should be maximized and routine controls performed for the presence of MBL given its elevated prevalence in our setting(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Drug Resistance/physiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Disease Outbreaks , Cephalosporinase/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/therapy , Aztreonam/therapeutic use , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/trends
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