Complications after cerebrospinal fluid collection in dogs with brain neoplasm / Complicações após colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal em cães com neoplasma encefálico

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs with brain neoplasms (BN) may be associated with complications owing to increased intracranial pressure caused by expansive lesions. Although this procedure has been performed in dogs with BN, no data regarding complications after CSF tap in these animals is available. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to identify the rate and types of complications observed after CSF taps in dogs with BN. Thirty dogs with BN were included in the study. In 83% (25/30) of the cases, clinical recovery after CSF tap was considered normal, and in 17% (5/30) the recovery was abnormal. The main clinical and neurological signs observed in dogs with abnormal clinical recovery were apnea (5/5), absence of pupillary photomotor reflex (3/5), coma (2/5), and stupor (1/5). In 40% (2/5) of the dogs, herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum was observed on necropsy. In conclusion, the rate of complications after CSF taps was 17%, and was characterized by apnea, absent pupillary photomotor reflex, altered level of consciousness, and encephalic herniation.

A colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos (NE) pode estar associada a complicações devido ao aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC), causada pela lesão expansiva. Embora o procedimento seja realizado em cães com NE, não foram encontrados dados referentes às complicações após colheita de LCE nesses pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a taxa, bem como os tipos de complicações observadas após a colheita de LCE em cães com neoplasma encefálico. Dos 30 cães com NE incluídos no estudo, em 83% (25/30) dos casos a evolução clínica após a colheita do LCE foi considerada normal e, em 17% (5/30) anormal. Os principais sinais clínicos e neurológicos observados nos cães com evolução clínica anormal foram apneia (5/5), reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente (3/5), coma (2/5) e estupor (1/5). Em 40% (2/5) foi observado herniação do cerebelo na necropsia. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a taxa de complicações após a colheita de LCE foi baixa (17%) e as alterações encontradas foram apneia, seguido de reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente, alteração no nível de consciência e herniação encefálica.

Craniosquise with meningocelis in newborn calf

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...(AU)

Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...(AU)

Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...

Craniosquise with meningocelis in newborn calf

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...

Cranioplasty for repair of cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Jersey calf / Cranioplastia para o tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra da raça Jersey / Craneoplastia para el tratamiento de craneosquisis asociada a meningocele en una becerra de la raza Jersey

Cranioschisis with meningocele at the parietal region was diagnosed in a 2-day-old calf. At presentation the animal was standing, attentive and had normal suckling reflex. However, an ovoid, soft, slightly lateral, bladder-like mass was observed extending from the intercornual protuberance to the insertion of the nuchal ligament. Physical examination and radiographs evidenced a deformity of the parietal bone and cranioplasty using a cartilage homograft was performed in an attempt to correct the bone defect. The calf did well postoperatively until day nine. However apathy and seizures were present from day 13 leading to death on day 15.

Foi diagnosticado craniosquise com meningocele na região parietal de uma bezerra de dois dias de idade. Na abordagem clínica inicial o animal estava em estação, atento e mamando normalmente. Porém, foi detectada à palpação uma massa ovoide, macia e levemente lateral, estendendo-se desde a protuberância intercornual até a inserção do ligamento da nuca. O exame físico e as radiografias evidenciaram um defeito do osso parietal pelo que foi realizada cranioplastia utilizando um enxerto homólogo de cartilagem na tentativa de corrigir a falha óssea. O animal teve evolução pós-operatória favorável até o dia nove. Entretanto, apresentou apatia e convulsões a partir do dia 13, o que o levou a óbito no dia 15 após a cirurgia.

Fue diagnosticada craneosquisis con meningocele en la región parietal de una becerra de dos días de edad. Durante el abordaje clínico el animal se encontraba en cuadripedestación, atento y mamando normalmente. Sin embargo, se detectó una masa ovalada, de consistencia suave y lateralizada, que se extendía desde la protuberancia intercornual hasta la inserción del ligamento nucal. El examen fisico y las radiografias permitieron la identificación de una falla en el hueso parietal por lo que fue realizada la craneoplastia utilizando un injerto homólogo de cartílago con la finalidad de corregir el defecto. El animal evolucionó favorablemente hasta el noveno día. Sin embargo, a partir del día 13 presentó apatía y convulsiones lo que provocó su muerte 15 días después de la cirugía.