ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los errores refractivos altos son difíciles de corregir óptica y quirúrgicamente. Los pacientes que los padecen se encuentran incómodos con las gafas, ya que la calidad de su visión es deficitaria. Las lentes de contacto proporcionan mejor agudeza visual; sin embargo, en ocasiones requieren diseños especiales para ser adaptadas y pueden asociarse a complicaciones severas. La cirugía refractiva como subespecialidad busca mejorar la agudeza visual no corregida y disminuir la dependencia a gafas o lentes de contacto. Las opciones van desde los procedimientos queratorrefractivos hasta el implante de una lente intraocular, ya sea con la extracción del cristalino transparente o en un ojo fáquico. Este último ofrece ventajas al mantener la acomodación, obtener una mejor calidad óptica y cierta reversibilidad. En el mundo se han realizado múltiples trabajos en pacientes con lentes fáquicos de diferentes modelos y estos han demostrado que son seguros y confiables, aunque no son muchos los estudios sobre la calidad de vida a largo plazo; de ahí la motivación para realizar una búsqueda actualizada de diversos artículos publicados, con el objetivo de describir los resultados visuales y la calidad de vida en pacientes con implante de lentes fáquicos. Se utilizó la plataforma Infomed, específicamente la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con todos sus buscadores(AU)
ABSTRACT High refractive errors are difficult to correct both optically and surgically. Patients suffering from them feel uncomfortable with their eyeglasses, since their visual quality is poor. Contact lenses provide better visual acuity, but they sometimes require special designs to be adjusted and may be associated to severe complications. The subspecialty of refractive surgery seeks to improve uncorrected visual acuity and reduce dependence on eyeglasses or contact lenses. Options range from keratorefractive procedures to intraocular lens implantation, be it with removal of the transparent crystalline lens or in phakic eyes. The latter provides the advantages of maintaining accommodation, obtaining better visual quality and affording a certain degree of reversibility. A great many studies have been conducted worldwide of patients with phakic lenses of various models, and these have proved to be safe and reliable. However, not many studies are available about long-term quality of life. Hence the motivation to perform an updated search for published papers about the subject, with the purpose of describing the visual results and quality of life of patients with phakic lens implants. Use was made of the Infomed platform, particularly the Virtual Health Library with all its search engines(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Refractive Errors/etiology , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Refractive Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Stress, Psychological , Eyeglasses/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Demodex folliculorum shows a high occurrence in the general population, however, its pathologic relevance is still controversial. In this prospective study, we evaluated the prevalence of D. folliculorum on eyelashes from 8,033 subjects of a university population (including 7,782 students, and 251 academics). Additional information on some risk factors to infection by the mites was evaluated, as well. A prevalence of 1.47% was found, where 118 individuals were positive for D. folliculorum; and, among them, 63 (53.4%) were women and 55 (46.6%) were men. Results showed a negative correlation with the age (r = -0.45), the highest prevalence was found in individuals between 19 and 22 years of age (2.1%, 84 patients). The number of D. folliculorum mites did not differ between the right and left eye; however, the use of cosmetics or facial cream, contact lens, hair removers, were factors present in patients infected with D. folliculorum. Although Demodex prevalence did not increase in line with weight, we found significantly higher prevalence in the 51-60 kg and 71-80 kg weight groups, and a particularly high prevalence in the over 81 kg weight group (2.6%). In conclusion, it was observed that the main population positive to infection consisted of young adults; this is in contrast with the international evidence reporting a high rate of infection in older adults. Besides, our results suggest that items of daily use such as cosmetics, facial cream, eyeliner, glasses, or contact lenses may be some of the main culprits of the infection by D. folliculorum.
Subject(s)
Eyelashes/parasitology , Hair Follicle/parasitology , Mite Infestations/epidemiology , Mites , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Body Weight , Contact Lenses/adverse effects , Cosmetics/adverse effects , Eyeglasses/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Las gomas negras son reconocidas frecuentemente como causantes de dermatitis de contacto alérgica. La mayoría de las alergias a las gomas negras se encuentran en trabajadores de la industria de neumáticos para vehiculos, así como en la fabricación de calzado y otros artículos. Sin embargo, también es posible la sensibilización en los usuarios de esos productos. El caso aquí presentado es el de un niño con una clara sensibilización a la parafenilenodiamina (PPDA) contenida en la goma negra del sitio de apoyo de sus anteojos protectores para natación.