The 100 most cited articles about orofacial trauma in children and adolescents: bibliometric analysis.

This bibliometric study aimed to identify and analyze the 100 most cited articles about orofacial trauma in children and adolescents. The search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) using a combined search strategy. Two researchers collected the following data from each article: year of publication, country, journal, number and density of citations, author, institutions, study design, type of trauma, and keywords. The VOSviewer and SPSS version 22.0 softwares were used for data analyses. The articles were published from 1968 to 2012 and the number of citations ranged from 49 to 176. Europe was the continent with most articles (40 articles; 3,408 citations). Brazil was the country that made the largest contribution (20 articles; 1,741 citations) and the Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Brazil) was the institution with most articles (5 articles; 492 citations). Marcenes W was the most productive author (8 articles; 968 citations). The cross-sectional study design was the most common (50 articles; 3,978 citations). The most frequent field was epidemiology (73 articles; 5,971 citations). The most widely used criteria for trauma diagnosis were the Andreasen (18 articles; 1,505 citations) and Le Fort (3 articles; 260 citations). Strong positive correlations were found in the number of citations between WoS-CC and Google Scholar (r = 0.929; p < 0.001), WoS-CC and Scopus (r = 0.976; p < 0.001), and Google Scholar and Scopus (r = 0.903; p < 0.001). The 100 most cited articles about orofacial trauma in children and adolescents were mainly cross-sectional studies published by Brazilian authors in epidemiology using Andreasen criteria. Dental Traumatology was the journal with the largest contribution.

Profile of Facial Trauma Victims of Motorcycle Accidents: A Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To outline the profile of patients with facial trauma, victims of motorcycle accidents, treated at the Hospital da Restauração, Recife/PE, Brazil, from December 2020 to July 2021. METHODS: The collection was carried out through questionnaire and analysis of medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively, as well as Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Among the patients, 88.6% were male, 47.5% were between 18 and 29 years old, and 59.6% lived in rural areas; 72.15% of the victims used the motorcycle for work and 43.52% were working at the time of the accident. Most victims did not have a national motorcycle license (62%) and were not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident (60%), with 37.6% wearing a full-face helmet, 16.5% an open helmet, and 5.9% an articulated full-face helmet. Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most common facial fractures and were significantly associated with helmet use and type. CONCLUSIONS: Most victims of motorcycle accidents are young adult men, without a regular driver's license and residing in rural areas. Preventive and educational actions and continuous traffic inspections are necessary to minimize these accidents.

Prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%-52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain.

Oral and maxillo-facial injuries in victims of political repression during the Chilean dictatorship.

INTRODUCTION: Chile was under a civil-military dictatorship from 1973 to 1990. During that time, systematic violations to human rights were perpetrated. Oral and maxillo-facial trauma was not an exception, and such trauma was carried out through different methods of torture or ill treatment by agents of the State. Currently, Chile has laws and programs in the public healthcare system to carry out the re-habilitation and reparation process in victims, and the registration of the suffered injuries is considered an important part of these med-ico-legal procedures. The aim of this study is to describe and classify the type of torture or ill-treatment in the orofacial area of victims of political repression during the Chilean military dictatorship and relate them to the injuries registered in written reports. METHODS: 14 reports of oral and maxillo-fa-cial injuries of tortured victims from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed, considering the alleged history of the patient, the visible effects on the oral examination, and the type of torture that was inflicted. Historical clinical records and X ray exams were analyzed when available. RESULTS: 6 variations of torture and ill-treat-ment that involve the maxillo-facial area were caused by agents of the State during the dic-tatorship period. DISCUSSION: According to the patient ́s account and the clinical examination, all of the torture techniques applied caused, directly or indirectly, the loss of teeth. This resulted in not only physical problems, but psychological problems for the victims.

Interpersonal violence in a city of Paraná: a study about the epidemiological profile of victims and characterization of dental trauma / Violência interpessoal em cidade paranaense: um estudo do perfil epidemiológico das vítimas e caracterização dos traumas dentais

The socioeconomic context and population vulnerability are directly associated with violence in the country. In Brazil, the Criminal Code provides the illicit act and punishes the aggressor who offends the physical aggression from a person. Interpersonal violence is an illegal act and is associated with the vulnerability of victims. Therefore, the study of the epidemiological profile of victims of interpersonal violence is needed to alert the population about their susceptibility. The present study aimed to design the epidemiological profile of victims of bodily injury from interpersonal violence in the region of Maringá, in the state of Paraná, and to study the characterization of dental injuries in terms of permanent weakness and deformity. Four thousand nine hundred sixty-two reports performed between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collected included: sex, age, marital status, the region affected by the bodily injury, type of dental trauma, and responses to "weakness" or/and "permanent deformity". During the period studied, there was a prevalence of female victims (57.8%), white skin color (80.2%), aged between 21 and 30 years (24.9%), single (54.9%), and the most affected region was the upper limbs (32.1%). Regarding bodily injuries with dental involvement, 67 cases were reported, male victims were prevalent (60.3%), and dental fracture was highlighted with 54.4% of examined injuries.The implementation of the Forensic Dentistry Centre took place in August 2019 at the Medico-Legal Institute of Maringá. Also, with the interruption of expert activities in 2020 - due to the COVID-19 pandemic ­ relevant outcomes regarding permanent weakness were observed. The epidemiological profile of victims is characterized by the female sex, white skin color, the age group from 21 to 30 years old, and singles. Regarding dental trauma, male victims, and dental fractures were prevalent. Furthermore, there was an increase in the classification of "permanent weakness", as well as a slight increase in cases of "further assessment required" for permanent deformity (AU).

O contexto socioeconômico e a vulnerabilidade da população estão diretamente associados à violência no país. No Brasil, o Código Penal (CP) prevê o ato ilícito e pune o agressor que atentar contra a integridade física de outrem. A violência interpessoal constitui um ato ilícito e está associada à vulnerabilidade das vítimas. Sendo assim, o estudo do perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de violência interpessoal se faz necessário para alertar a população quanto à suscetibilidade dessas. O presente estudo objetivou traçar o perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de lesão corporal por violência interpessoal na região de Maringá, no estado do Paraná, e estudar a caracterização das lesões dentais quanto à debilidade e deformidade permanente. Foram analisados 4.962 laudos pertencentes aos anos de 2018 a 2020 por estatística descritiva. Dados coletados incluíram: sexo, idade, estado civil, região afetada pela lesão corporal, tipo de trauma dental e respostas para "debilidade" ou/e "deformidade permanente". Durante o período estudado, houve prevalência de vítimas do sexo feminino (57,8%), cor de pele branca (80,2%), com idade entre 21 e 30 anos (24,9%), solteiros (54,9%), e a região mais afetada foi a dos membros superiores (32,1%). Em relação às lesões corporais com envolvimento dental, 67 casos foram relatados. Vítimas do sexo masculino foram prevalentes (60,3%) e a fratura do elemento obteve destaque com 54,4% das lesões periciadas. A implementação do Núcleo de Odontologia Legal ocorreu em agosto de 2019 e, ainda com a interrupção das atividades periciais no ano de 2020 ­ devido à pandemia da COVID-19 ­ resultados quanto à debilidade permanente foram evidentes. O perfil epidemiológico das vítimas é caracterizado pelo sexo feminino, cor de pele branca, faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos e solteiros. Quanto aos traumas dentais, vítimas do sexo masculino e fraturas dentais foram prevalentes. Além disso, houve um aumento na classificação de "debilidade permanente", bem como um leve aumento nos casos de "necessidade de avaliação complementar" para deformidade permanente (AU).

Relationship between the use and types of helmets with facial injuries - a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: many studies have demonstrated the benefits of helmet to prevent and reduce severity of injuries in motorcyclists. OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present study was to evaluate a possible relationship between the use of different types of helmets and the occurrence of facial injuries among victims of motorcycle accidents, seen at Hospital da Restauração, Recife/PE, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: demographic and trauma data were collected from hospitalized motorcycle accident victims with facial injuries from December 2020 to July 2021. Pearsons chi-square test was used to assess association between two categorical variables using a margin of error of 5%. RESULTS: among the participants, the average age was 33.46 years. The age group between 18 and 29 years was the most prevalent. Most participants were male. 60.0% of motorcyclists used helmets at the time of the accident and of this percentage 37.6% used fixed full-face helmet, 16.5% open-face helmet and the other 5.9% articulated full-face helmet. 62.7% of participants had facial fractures. Among the fractures, those of the zygomatic-orbital complex were the most common fracture and were significantly associated with the use of helmets, especially with open-face helmet. CONCLUSIONS: the use of helmets was associated with a lower number of facial fractures among patients who were victims of motorcycle accidents. Fracture of the zygomatic-orbital complex was related to the absence of a helmet at the time of the accident, as well as the use of open-face helmets.

Physical violence in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of injuries to the head and neck region

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical violence and head and neck injuries among children and adolescents who suffered physical aggression, firearm aggression, and white gun aggression referred to the Legal Medical Department in a southern city in Brazil. Methods: This study was performed at Legal Medical Department in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil, from January 2011 to December of 2015. Data were collected from medical reports of children and adolescents (0-19 years old). Demographic information such as sex, age, and skin color was collected. Data were submitted to Chi-square test and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Results: In this study, 2,716 physical examination reports were analyzed, with a total of 2,171 exams resulting from violence; lesions that had physical aggression as their etiology (1,951) had a higher prevalence. The analysis of the exams revealed that the majority were adolescents (90,05%), white (84.09%), and female (50.21%). The head and neck regions were affected in most cases of violence (57.90%). In the adjusted model, the occurrence of injuries in the head and neck region was higher in males (PR 1.16, CI 95% 1.08 - 1.25), among adolescents (PR 1.28, CI 95% 1.10 - 1.48) and in victims of physical aggression compared to victims of the firearm (2.81, CI 95% 1.79 - 4.40). Conclusion: The results revealed a high prevalence of head and face injuries in victims of violence and that there was a greater prevalence of physical violence among adolescents compared to children and males

Comportamiento y gravedad del trauma maxilofacial en urgencia en el Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" / Characteristics and Severity of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Emergency Room at General Calixto García University Hospital

Introducción: La región maxilofacial es vulnerable al trauma. Se utilizan herramientas para evaluar la gravedad del trauma maxilofacial. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento y gravedad del trauma maxilofacial en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García". Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García", desde septiembre de 2018 hasta marzo de 2021. El universo fue de 57 pacientes. Se aplicó la escala de severidad de lesiones faciales. Variables analizadas: edad, sexo, etiología, diagnósticos, exámenes complementarios, gravedad del trauma maxilofacial, procederes terapéuticos inmediatos. Resultados: Prevaleció la fractura mandibular como diagnóstico (66,7 por ciento). La etiología más frecuente fue la violencia interpersonal (29,8 por ciento). Predominó la gravedad leve del trauma maxilofacial (71,9 por ciento). La extracción de cuerpos extraños de la vía aérea, tracción lingual, inserción de cánula orofaríngea, intubación orotraqueal (5,3 por ciento), y sutura (64,9 por ciento), fueron los procederes terapéuticos inmediatos más utilizados. Conclusiones: Prevalecen los pacientes del sexo masculino y del grupo de edad de 19 a 30 años. Predomina la fractura mandibular como diagnóstico. Los exámenes complementarios más utilizados son, la tomografía computarizada, el hemograma completo y el coagulograma. Impera la violencia interpersonal como etiología. Prevalece la gravedad leve del trauma maxilofacial. Los procederes terapéuticos inmediatos más empleados son, extracción de cuerpos extraños de la vía aérea, tracción lingual, inserción de cánula orofaríngea, intubación orotraqueal y sutura(AU)

Introduction: The maxillofacial region is vulnerable to trauma. Tools are used to assess the severity of maxillofacial trauma. Objective: To characterize maxillofacial trauma and its severity in patients cared for at the maxillofacial surgery emergency department of General Calixto García University Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in patients attending the maxillofacial surgery emergency department at General Calixto García University Hospital, from September 2018 to March 2021. The study universe was 57 patients. The facial injury severity scale was applied. The analyzed variables were age, sex, etiology, diagnoses, complementary examinations, severity of maxillofacial trauma, immediate therapeutic procedures. Results: Mandibular fracture prevailed as a diagnosis (66.7 percent). The most frequent etiology was interpersonal violence (29.8 percent). Mild severity of maxillofacial trauma predominated (71.9 percent). Extraction of foreign bodies from the airway, tongue traction, insertion of oropharyngeal cannula, orotracheal intubation (5.3 percent) and suturing (64.9 percent) were the most frequently used immediate therapeutic procedures. Conclusions: There is a prevalence of male patients and the age group 19 to 30 years. Mandibular fracture predominates as a diagnosis. The most frequently used complementary tests are computed tomography, complete blood count and coagulogram. Interpersonal violence prevails as an etiology. Mild severity of maxillofacial trauma prevails. The most commonly used immediate therapeutic procedures are extraction of foreign bodies from the airway, tongue traction, insertion of oropharyngeal cannula, orotracheal intubation and suturing(AU)

Craniofacial trauma: Experience in private hospital care during the pandemic provoked by SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: The onset of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic brought with it important changes in the hospital care for all diseases. According to the international literature, since the beginning of the pandemic there has been an impact in the incidence, etiology, and severity of head trauma, all these changes as a direct consequence of lockdown. OBJECTIVE: In this article we analyzed the characteristics of craniofacial trauma in patients admitted to a private hospital in Mexico City during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHOD: Medical records from patients admitted in Medica Sur between March 2020 and June 2021. In this study, incidence, etiology, severity of the injuries and the SARS-CoV-2 PCR result performed upon admission were analyzed. RESULTS: Although there is no study in Mexico like ours, the results were similar to those reported by other hospital centers worldwide, presenting a greater number of cases classified as mild craniofacial trauma, in addition to finding that the main age group affected were older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The reported information in our study provides a general view of craniofacial trauma characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El inicio de la pandemia provocada por SARS-CoV-2 trajo consigo importantes cambios en los cuidados hospitalarios para todas las enfermedades. De acuerdo con la literatura internacional, desde el comienzo, y a consecuencia del aislamiento, ha existido un impacto en la incidencia, la etiología y la gravedad del trauma craneomaxilofacial. OBJETIVO: Estudiar las características del trauma craneofacial en los pacientes ingresados a un hospital privado en la Ciudad de México durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODO: Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados a Médica Sur, entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2021. Se analizaron la incidencia, la etiología, la gravedad de las lesiones y el resultado de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para SARS-CoV-2 que se realizó durante la atención hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: En México no existe un estudio semejante al nuestro, pero los resultados fueron similares a los reportados por otros centros hospitalarios en el mundo, presentando un mayor número de casos clasificados como traumatismo craneofacial leve, además de encontrar que el principal grupo de edad afectado fueron los adultos mayores. CONCLUSIONES: La información reportada en nuestro estudio brinda un panorama general sobre las características del trauma craneofacial durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.

Incidencia de consultas por fracturas maxilofaciales en un servicio de urgencias odontológicas del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Incidence of consultations for maxillofacial fractures in a dental emergency department in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires

Objetivo: Describir la incidencia, la causa, el patrón y el tratamiento de fracturas maxilofaciales en sujetos que solici- taron atención en un Servicio de Urgencias Odontológicas del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron las historias clíni- cas de los individuos que concurrieron al Servicio de Urgencias y Orientación de Pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (SUyOP) en el período compren- dido entre marzo de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. Se registró la fre- cuencia de consultas vinculadas con diagnóstico de algún tipo de fractura del esqueleto maxilofacial y en el caso de estos pacien- tes, se registraron sexo, edad, etiología, ubicación y tratamiento. Resultados: Durante el periodo evaluado asistieron al SUyOP un total de 13.919 pacientes por algún tipo de urgen- cia odontológica, entre los cuales 47 (0,33%) se presentaron con traumatismos en la región bucomaxilofacial; 39 fueron del sexo masculino (83%). En total fueron diagnosticadas 66 frac- turas. La edad media se extendió entre los 30 y los 51 años. Las fracturas se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en la mandíbu- la (95,45%). La agresión interpersonal fue la principal causa (53,19%). El tratamiento realizado con mayor frecuencia fue el bloqueo intermaxilar en el 57,44% de los pacientes. Conclusión: Las fracturas de maxilar inferior fueron las que se registraron con mayor frecuencia. Si bien estas fracturas no ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente, la falla en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento apropiados puede derivar en la pérdida de fun- ciones del sistema estomatognático, y desarrollar deformidades secundarias que requieren de un tratamiento más complejo (AU)

Aim: To describe the incidence, etiology, pattern and treat- ment of maxillofacial fractures in a dental emergency department of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. Materials and methods: A study was conducted, re- cording sex, age, etiology, location and treatment of maxillofa- cial fractures in patients who visited the Emergency and Patient Orientation Service of the School of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (SUyOP) from March 2018 to December 2019. Data were obtained from dental medical records. Results: During the evaluated period, a total 13,919 pa- tients visited the SUyOP for dental emergencies, of whom 47 (0.33%) presented with trauma in the oral-maxillofacial region, and 39 were male (83%). Age range was 30 to 51 years. Over- all, 66 fractures were diagnosed. Fractures were most frequent in the mandible (95.45%). Interpersonal aggression was the most prevalent cause (53.19%). The most frequent treatment was inter- maxillary fixation, which was performed in 57.44% of the cases. Conclusion: Fractures of the lower jaw were the most fre- quently reported. Although these fractures are not life-threaten- ing, failure to diagnose and treat them properly can lead to loss of function of the stomatognathic system and development of sec- ondary deformities requiring more complex treatment (AU)

Perfil epidemiológico das fraturas de face: uma revisão de literatura / Epidemiological profile of face fractures: a literature review

As fraturas de face são um problema de saúde pública que afeta a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que sofreram esse agravo. Sabendo-se da importância dos estudos epidemiológicos para o enfrentamento desse problema, este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico das fraturas de face, contribuindo assim, para a elaboração de políticas públicas mais eficazes e tratamento adequado. Para isso foi ralizada uma revisão de literatura nas principais bases de dados, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) e Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO) através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e diretamente pela interface da Literature Analysis (PubMed/MEDLINE), nos últimos 20 anos, contemplando populações, culturas e faixas etárias heterogêneas. Observou-se que o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido e sua incidência foi maior entre os jovens, as principais etiologias foram às agressões físicas e os acidentes de transito sobretudo com o envolvimento de motocicletas associado ao uso de álcool e drogas. Os ossos nasais e a mandíbula foram as estruturas que sofreram mais fraturas e o tratamento mais utilizado foi a redução fechada. Neste contexto, faz-se necessário medidas ao combate às desigualdades sociais e desemprego, incentivo à educação e intensificação das leis de trânsito.

Face fractures are a public health problem that affects the quality of life of individuals who have suffered this condition. Knowing the importance of epidemiological studies to face this problem, this study aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of facial fractures, thus contributing to the development of more effective public policies and adequate treatment. For this, a literature review was carried out in the main databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) and Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) through the Library Virtual Health (VHL) and directly through the Literature Analysis interface (PubMed / MEDLINE), in the last 20 years, covering heterogeneous populations, cultures and age groups. It was observed that the male gender was the most affected and its incidence was higher among young people, the main etiologies were physical aggressions and traffic accidents, especially with the involvement of motorcycles associated with the use of alcohol and drugs. The nasal bones and the mandible were the structures that suffered the most fractures and the most used treatment was closed reduction. In this context, measures are needed to combat social inequality and unemployment, encourage education and intensify traffic laws.

Influência da pandemia nos traumas de face em mulheres vítimas da violência doméstica / The influence of pandemic in the maxillofacial trauma in women victims of domestic violence

O surgimento do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2 ­ COVID-19) teve início em dezembro de 2019 na China e rapidamente se espalhou gerando mudanças por todo o planeta. Mudanças drásticas no estilo de vida das pessoas e que afetaram o comportamento da população, inclusive no atendimento dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os dados epidemiológicos do serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial de um hospital de referência, analisando o impacto da pandemia nas agressões físicas contra as mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo comparativo no período dos doze meses anteriores ao início da declaração de pandemia no Brasil e os doze meses após o início das restrições. Os resultados mostraram que a idade das pacientes agredidas passou de 29.58 para 32 (valor p= 0,24) no período pré-pandemia para pandemia respectivamente. O índice de violência doméstica cresceu 337% (valor p= 0,02), passando de 8 para 27 registros. Houve diferença no número de ossos fraturados nas agressões (p=0,04), sendo a fratura dos ossos nasais a região mais acometida, com variação entre as posições seguintes. Durante a pandemia aumentou o índice de intervenções cirúrgicas de 37,5% para 44,44% (valor p= 0,57). Sendo assim, o perfil epidemiológico das pacientes agredidas não obteve mudanças durante a pandemia, porém, a violência doméstica aumentou significativamente neste período e as agressões ficaram mais graves, necessitando de um maior número de intervenções cirúrgicas(AU)

The emergence of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 - COVID-19) started in December 2019 in China and quickly spread and generated changes all over the planet. Drastic lifestyle changes have affected the behavior of the population and even impacted the care of healthcare services. The present study aimed to evaluate epidemiological data from the oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology service of a reference hospital to analyze the impact of the pandemic on physical aggression against female victims of domestic violence. A retrospective study was developed comparing the period of twelve months before the beginning of the pandemic declaration in Brazil and the twelve months after the start of the restrictions. Results show that the age of battered patients increased from 29.58 to 32 (p value= 0.24) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period respectively. The rate of domestic violence increased by 337% (p-value= 0.02), from 8 to 27 records. There was a difference in the number of fractured bones in the assaults (p=0.04), with nasal bone fracture being the most affected region, with variation among the following positions. During the pandemic, the rates of surgical interventions increased from 37.5% to 44.44% (pvalue=0.57). The epidemiological profile of battered patients did not change during the pandemic. However, domestic violence increased significantly in the pandemic period, and assaults became more severe, requiring a greater number of surgical interventions(AU)

Etiologia do trauma facial: uma análise aprofundada entre 2016 e 2019 em Florianópolis/SC / Etiology of facial trauma: an in-depth analysis of cases occurred in Florianópolis, SC from 2016 to 2019

Introdução: Pensando em melhoria na saúde das populações, é indispensável para as equipes de CTBMF e gestores de saúde o conhecimento dos perfis epidemiológicos. O objetivo desse estudo foi estratificar etiologias, ossos mais afetados e possíveis padrões recorrentes entre 2016 e 2019, contabilizá los, analisá-los e então fundamentar sistemas de gestão e ferramentas de melhorias a fim de aumentar eficiência operacional da cadeia de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo que analisou 233 pacientes vitimados com trauma facial e necessitaram de abordagem cirúrgica entre dezembro de 2016 e dezembro de 2019 no Hospital Governador Celso Ramos. Resultados: Ao total de 447 fraturas, 85,83% ocorreram no sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 32,42 e o grupo etário mais acometido o de 21 aos 30 anos. Etiologia mais prevalente foi agressão física, representando 42% dos pacientes. Em comparação com os anos, houve uma tendência preocupante de ascensão nos índices. Conclusões: Os níveis de violência impressionam. Este trabalho direciona um alerta sobre danos graves evitáveis relacionados a agressões e acidentes de trânsito. É imperativo que as gestões públicas desenvolvam políticas no intuito de mitigar riscos e desperdício de recursos, assegurando tratamento, reabilitação e sobretudo prevenção eficaz... (AU)

Introduction: To think over population health improvement, it is all-important that OMFS teams and health managers have knowledge on epidemiological profiles. The aim of this study was to stratify etiologies, the most affected bones and possible recurrent patterns between 2016 and 2019, and based on the records and analyses of the cases, develop management systems and improvement tools to increase the healthcare chain operational efficiency. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study that examined 233 patients who suffered maxillofacial trauma and needed a surgical approach between December 2016 and December 2019 at the Hospital Governador Celso Ramos. Results: From a total of 447 fractures, 85.83% occurred in males. Mean age was 32.42 years, and the predominant injured individuals were between 21 and 30 years old. The most prevalent etiology was physical aggression, representing 42% of the patients. In the comparison of the years, there was a worrying upward trend in violence rates. Conclusions: The levels of violence are impressive, alarming. This work places red flag alert on serious preventable injuries caused by physical violence and traffic accidents. It is imperative that public administrations develop policies designed to mitigate risks and resource wastes, ensuring treatment, rehabilitation and, above all, effective prevention... (AU)

Do Helmet Use and Type Influence Facial Trauma Occurrence and Severity in Motorcyclists? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This article consists of a systematic review of the literature, which verified whether the use and types of helmets reduce the occurrence and severity of facial fractures in hospitalized motorcyclists after traffic accidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence studies and cohort studies, published in Latin American languages with no restrictions on publication dates, were considered. Two authors independently screened reference lists for eligible articles, assessed them for inclusion criteria, and extracted the data using a specific form. Twenty-six articles were selected, all prevalence studies. RESULTS: The patients who used a helmet had a lower prevalence and severity of facial fractures, compared to patients who did not wear a helmet. There were no differences in the occurrence of lower third fractures between patients who used or did not wear a helmet at the time of the trauma; as well as in meta-analysis of occurrence and severity of facial trauma between helmet types (open or closed). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the use of helmet leads to a lower number of fractures and severity of trauma when compared to nonuse. Regarding the type of helmet, there was no difference in the occurrence and severity of facial fracture in individuals who used closed or opened helmets.

Levantamento epidemiológico dos atendimentos de cirurgia e traumatologia buco-maxilo-faciais no Hospital Macrorregional de Presidente Dutra - MA / Epidemiological survey of care traumatology and oral & maxillofacial surgery in the Macrorregional Hospital of Presidente Dutra - MA

Um dos principais atendimentos feitos pelos serviços de urgência e emergência são os traumas faciais, responsáveis por grandes impactos na vida dos pacientes por causarem morbidades e superlotação em hospitais. Desta forma o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos atendimentos de Cirurgia e Traumatologia buco-maxilofaciais em um hospital regional. Foi realizado um levantamento retrospectivo analisando 1333 prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital Regional de Presidente Dutra - Maranhão - Brasil, independente da etiologia para o atendimento, no período de março de 2015 a agosto de 2018. A amostra foi constituída por 1333 prontuários, o gênero masculino foi o mais acometido (n=1099) (82%); a faixa etária entre 21 a 30 anos foi a mais prevalente em ambos os gêneros; os acidentes de trânsito foram a principal causa dos traumas faciais, sendo a mandíbula a região mais afetada com 401 casos (30,1%); o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado foram as osteossínteses, totalizando 57,4%, e o Tempo de internação médio foi de 1 a 5 dias. A principal etiologia das cirurgias foi fratura, devido a acidentes automobilísticos ocasionado pela falta de aplicação e fiscalização das leis de trânsito, contribuindo assim, para o aumento da morbimortalidade e dos custos hospitalares... (AU)

Introduction: One of the main services provided by emergency and emergency services is facial trauma, responsible for great aesthetic, functional and emotional impacts on individuals lives, as well as causing morbidity and overcrowding in hospitals. In this way, the present study aimed to perform a survey of the operations of buco-maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology in a large regional hospital in the interior of Maranhão. Methods: a retrospective survey was carried out, analyzing the patients medical records at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of the Presidente Dutra-MA Regional Hospital, regardless of the etiology for care, in the period from March 2015 to August 2018. Results: The sample consisted of 1333 medical records, the male gender was the most affected (n = 1099) (82%); the age group between 21 and 30 years was the most prevalent in both genders; traffic accidents were the main cause of facial trauma, with the jaw being the most affected region with 401 cases (30.1%); the most frequent surgical procedure was osteosynthesis, totaling 57.4% and the mean length of hospital stay was 1 to 5 days. Conclusão: The main etiology of the surgeries was a fracture, due to automobile accidents caused by the lack of application and inspection traffic laws, thus contributing to the increase of morbidity and mortality in hospital costs... (AU)

Volleyball-related Adult Maxillofacial Trauma Injuries: A NEISS Database Study.

INTRODUCTION: Craniofacial trauma among athletes of various sports has been well detailed and described. Despite this research, there is a dearth of literature describing the nature of facial trauma secondary to volleyball, despite its global popularity. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of volleyball-related facial trauma was conducted using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database from 2009 to 2018. Patient demographics (age, sex, and race), medical injury information (injury type and location), and disposition (observed and discharged, admitted, deceased) were collected and analyzed. χ2 testing was performed to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: A total of 235 volleyball-related facial traumas were recorded with an estimated 10,424 visits occurring nationally. The majority of injuries were among young adults aged 20 to 29 years (52.3%) and was evenly distributed for men and women. Lacerations were the most frequent injury type (37.9%), whereas the face was the most common site of injury (41.7%). The majority of fractures involved the nose (71.4%) and among individuals aged 20 through 49 (90.5%). Males had significantly more lacerations than females (75.3% vs 24.7%), whereas females had significantly more contusions/abrasions (64.5% vs 35.5%) and concussions (72.9% vs 27.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Volleyball-related craniofacial injuries can vary depending on patient demographics. This information can help with the development of safety and preventative measures for individuals participating in the sport.

Profile of facial trauma in older adults cared for at a tertiary hospital of the Brazilian Federal District / Perfil do trauma de face em idosos atendidos em Hospital terciário do Distrito Federal

OBJECTIVES: The phenomenon of population aging and the remarkable inclusion of older adults in the economically active population has increased their participation in injuries and accidents, including facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of facial trauma in the older population of the Brazilian Federal District, as well as the gender, etiology, type of trauma, and treatment strategy regarding different age groups (60­69 years, 70­79 years, and 80 years or older). METHODS: This is a retrospective quantitative descriptive study using electronic medical records (Trackcare system) of older patients (aged ≥ 60 years) assisted at the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital of the Federal District between 2016 and 2017 due to facial trauma. RESULTS: Out of 2382 records of patients with facial trauma, 139 (5.8%) were aged over 60 years. The main causes of facial trauma were falls, both in male and female patients. Facial contusion was the main diagnosis of facial trauma (25.2%), followed by fractures of the jaw (16.5%) and zygomatic complex (15.8%). Conservative treatment was the most common strategy adopted in the Emergency Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of facial trauma in the geriatric population. Etiological factors such as falls and car accidents were highlighted in the studied groups. Conservative treatment and local guidelines were the preferred therapeutic approaches. Owing to the growth trend of the older population in the upcoming decades, exposure to risk factors for facial trauma tends to grow, thus requiring greater attention and specific knowledge from health professionals.

OBJETIVO: O envelhecimento da população e a inclusão marcante dos idosos na parcela economicamente ativa vêm aumentando a participação deles em traumatismos e acidentes, incluindo os que ocorrem na face. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência, a etiologia e o tratamento do traumatismo de face na população idosa do Distrito Federal, assim como nas diferentes faixas etárias (60 ­ 69, 70 ­ 79 e 80 e mais), em relação a sexo, etiologia, tipo de trauma e tratamento. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo descritivo quantitativo, que utilizou prontuários eletrônicos (Sistema Trackcare) de pacientes idosos (≥ 60 anos) atendidos no pronto-socorro de hospital terciário do Distrito Federal, durante os anos de 2016 e 2017, por traumatismo de face. RESULTADOS: Do total de 2.382 prontuários de pacientes com traumatismo de face, 139 (5,8%) foram de idosos. O principal fator responsável pelo traumatismo na face foi a queda, tanto no sexo masculino como no feminino. A contusão na face foi o principal diagnóstico de traumatismo nessa região (25,2%), seguido por fratura de mandíbula (16,5%) e fratura do complexo zigomático (15,8%). O tratamento conservador foi o mais adotado no serviço de pronto-socorro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo evidenciou uma elevada prevalência de traumas de face na população geriátrica. Fatores etiológicos como quedas e acidentes automobilísticos tiveram destaques nos grupos estudados. O tratamento conservador e orientações locais foram as condutas terapêuticas adotadas preferencialmente. Devido à tendência de crescimento da população idosa nas próximas décadas, bem como o perfil ativo que os idosos estão assumindo, a exposição a fatores de risco para traumas faciais tende a crescer, exigindo-se assim maior atenção e conhecimento específico por parte dos profissionais de saúde..

Facial Injuries and the Gender Issue: Expressions of Violence in a Metropolitan Region of Northeastern Brazil.

The aims of this investigation were to describe the profile of men and women victims of violence and identify factors associated with the severity of facial trauma. A retrospective study was carried out from 762 records of victims attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Dentistry located in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was type of facial trauma suffered by victims. Independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, characteristics of aggressors and circumstances of violence. Descriptive, bivariate (c2 test) and multivariate statistics were made through logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of victims was 29.78 years (SD=13.33). Based on the final regression model, male subjects [odds ratio (OR)=2.22, 95% CI=1.08-4.57, p=0.030], assaulted by other male subjects (OR=4.88; 95% CI=1.12-21.26; p=0.035) through instrument (OR=6.67; 95% CI=2.85-15.60; p<0,001) or mixed aggressions (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.44-13.02; p=0.009) were more likely to exhibit facial bone fractures or dentoalveolar fractures. The findings highlight that men and women present important victimization differentials in relation to interpersonal violence and facial trauma. Victim's gender, aggressor's gender and mechanism of aggression may exert influence on facial trauma patterns.

Common Injuries in Whitewater Rafting, Kayaking, Canoeing, and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding.

Paddle sports continue to be popular forms of outdoor recreation in the United States and around the world. This includes not only the more traditional sports of rafting, kayaking, and canoeing but also the newer and growing sport of stand-up paddle boarding. Because these sports are based in an aquatic environment, and frequently whitewater, there are unique, significant risks of injury. Overall, injuries in paddling sports are mostly musculoskeletal and are both acute and chronic in nature. Some injuries, such as environmental and head injuries, are especially problematic because they can lead to serious morbidity and mortality, most importantly drowning. This review describes the epidemiology, type, and location of injuries across paddle sports. It not only focuses on whitewater injuries but also includes information on injuries sustained in other aquatic paddling environments.

Facial injuries and the gender issue: expressions of violence in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract The aims of this investigation were to describe the profile of men and women victims of violence and identify factors associated with the severity of facial trauma. A retrospective study was carried out from 762 records of victims attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Dentistry located in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was type of facial trauma suffered by victims. Independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, characteristics of aggressors and circumstances of violence. Descriptive, bivariate (c2 test) and multivariate statistics were made through logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of victims was 29.78 years (SD=13.33). Based on the final regression model, male subjects [odds ratio (OR)=2.22, 95% CI=1.08-4.57, p=0.030], assaulted by other male subjects (OR=4.88; 95% CI=1.12-21.26; p=0.035) through instrument (OR=6.67; 95% CI=2.85-15.60; p<0,001) or mixed aggressions (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.44-13.02; p=0.009) were more likely to exhibit facial bone fractures or dentoalveolar fractures. The findings highlight that men and women present important victimization differentials in relation to interpersonal violence and facial trauma. Victim's gender, aggressor's gender and mechanism of aggression may exert influence on facial trauma patterns.

Resumo Os objetivos desta investigação foram descrever o perfil de homens e mulheres vítimas de violência e identificar fatores associados à gravidade do trauma facial. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 762 prontuários de vítimas atendidas no Instituto de Medicina Legal e Odontologia de uma região metropolitana do Nordeste do Brasil. A variável dependente foi o tipo de trauma facial sofrido pelas vítimas. Variáveis ​​independentes foram as características sociodemográficas das vítimas, características dos agressores e circunstâncias de violência. Estatísticas descritivas, bivariadas (teste c2) e multivariadas foram feitas por meio de regressão logística. O nível de significância foi fixado em p<0,05. A idade média das vítimas foi de 29,78 anos (DP =13,33). Com base no modelo de regressão final, os indivíduos do sexo masculino [odds ratio (OR)=2,22, IC 95%=1,08-4,57, p=0,030], agredidos por outros sujeitos do sexo masculino (OR=4,88; IC 95%=1,12-21,26; p=0,035) por meio de instrumentos (OR=6,67; IC 95%=2,85-15,60; p<0,001) ou agressões mistas (OR=4,34; IC 95%=1,44-13,02; p=0,009) foram mais propensos a apresentar fraturas de ossos faciais ou fraturas dentoalveolares. Os achados apontam que homens e mulheres apresentam importantes diferenciais de vitimização em relação à violência interpessoal e trauma facial. O gênero da vítima, o gênero do agressor e o mecanismo de agressão podem exercer influência sobre os padrões de trauma facial.