ABSTRACT
Background: Due to the bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, studies on natural products with antibacterial or bactericidal activity are becoming more and more frequent. Among multi-resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli is a producer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Papain, coming from papaya latex (Carica papaya), stands out for its capacity to degrade the devitalized tissue that delays the healing process. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has been studied, mainly for its diuretic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this work was to report the use of these two phytotherapic agents in an equine presenting abscess infected by multi-resistant ESBL producing E. coli. Case: A four and a half year old male neutered equine weighing 400 kg of undefined race (SRD) was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Paranaense University (UNIPAR), presenting an increased volume on the left side of the middle third of the neck, one year ago, probably due to an intramuscular injection in the splenius muscle performed by the animals owner, who did not remember which drug had been applied. Physical examination revealed a characteristic abscess lesion that involved the subcutaneous and muscular tissue of approximately 10 cm in diameter, and presented a fistulous trajectory with purulent content drainage and pain upon palpation. The animal was initially submitted to surgical drainage of the abscess and to systemic treatment with ceftiofur. In view of the failure of the therapy proposed, the lesion was treated with 2% papain cream and, subsequently, in association with lyophilized parsley extract (Petroselinum crispum) after the identification of the presence of multi-resistant ESBL producing E. coli, isolated from the lesion and identified through standard laboratory tests. The use of 2% papain cream reduced the inflammatory process and fibrous tissue...
Subject(s)
Animals , Abscess/virology , Horses , Escherichia coli , Papain/therapeutic use , Peptide Hydrolases , Petroselinum , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Freeze Drying/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: Due to the bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, studies on natural products with antibacterial or bactericidal activity are becoming more and more frequent. Among multi-resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli is a producer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Papain, coming from papaya latex (Carica papaya), stands out for its capacity to degrade the devitalized tissue that delays the healing process. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has been studied, mainly for its diuretic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this work was to report the use of these two phytotherapic agents in an equine presenting abscess infected by multi-resistant ESBL producing E. coli. Case: A four and a half year old male neutered equine weighing 400 kg of undefined race (SRD) was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Paranaense University (UNIPAR), presenting an increased volume on the left side of the middle third of the neck, one year ago, probably due to an intramuscular injection in the splenius muscle performed by the animals owner, who did not remember which drug had been applied. Physical examination revealed a characteristic abscess lesion that involved the subcutaneous and muscular tissue of approximately 10 cm in diameter, and presented a fistulous trajectory with purulent content drainage and pain upon palpation. The animal was initially submitted to surgical drainage of the abscess and to systemic treatment with ceftiofur. In view of the failure of the therapy proposed, the lesion was treated with 2% papain cream and, subsequently, in association with lyophilized parsley extract (Petroselinum crispum) after the identification of the presence of multi-resistant ESBL producing E. coli, isolated from the lesion and identified through standard laboratory tests. The use of 2% papain cream reduced the inflammatory process and fibrous tissue...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Petroselinum , Papain/therapeutic use , Escherichia coli , Horses , Abscess/virology , Peptide Hydrolases , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialABSTRACT
tThe additives of animal origin including egg yolk, widely used for sperm preservation. In order tominimize the impact on the use of animal products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect oflyophilized extract of Aloe vera and ACP 102® in ram semen refrigerated at 4°C for 48h. Ejaculates from threeram were split into three aliquots and diluted in ACP®, ACP®/ALV and ALV. Motility and viability was evaluatedafter sperm dilution, 2h, 24h and 48h of storage at 4°C. Results showed that there was a reduction in total andprogressive motility of fresh as compared to other storage time. No differences were observed in viability of freshand 2h as well as there was no difference of semen at for 24h and 48h storage. In conclusion, study showed that theaddition of lyophilized Aloe vera extract was able to maintain semen viability similar to ACP.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/embryology , Semen Preservation/methods , Aloe , Freeze Drying/methods , Freeze Drying/veterinaryABSTRACT
tThe additives of animal origin including egg yolk, widely used for sperm preservation. In order tominimize the impact on the use of animal products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect oflyophilized extract of Aloe vera and ACP 102® in ram semen refrigerated at 4°C for 48h. Ejaculates from threeram were split into three aliquots and diluted in ACP®, ACP®/ALV and ALV. Motility and viability was evaluatedafter sperm dilution, 2h, 24h and 48h of storage at 4°C. Results showed that there was a reduction in total andprogressive motility of fresh as compared to other storage time. No differences were observed in viability of freshand 2h as well as there was no difference of semen at for 24h and 48h storage. In conclusion, study showed that theaddition of lyophilized Aloe vera extract was able to maintain semen viability similar to ACP.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aloe , Sheep/embryology , Semen Preservation/methods , Freeze Drying/methods , Freeze Drying/veterinaryABSTRACT
Calotropis procera is among the species of medicinal plants that have traditionally been used for the treatment of parasites in small ruminants, stimulating the scientific validation of anthelmintic effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of ethyl acetate extract of Calotropis procera latex (EAECPL), assess the in vitro effect against Haemonchus contortus and the structural changes caused in the adult worm. The latex was collected, lyophilized and subjected to washing with the ethyl acetate solvent to obtain EAECPL. The constituents of the extract were isolated by column chromatography and identified by (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The egg hatching test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worms motility test (WMT) were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EAECPL on eggs, larvae and adult of H. contortus, respectively. The worms obtained from the WMT, after 24h exposure to EAECPL or controls were observed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analysed by variance analysis and compared with Tukey's test (P<0.05). Three compounds were isolated from EAECPL and identified as urs-19(29)-en-3-yl acetate, (3ß)-Urs-19(29)-en-3-ol, and 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-glycerol. In the EHT, EAECPL inhibited larval hatching by 91.8% at dose of 4mg/ml. In the LDT 1mg/ml inhibited 99.8% larval development. In the WMT, EAECPL in the concentration of 100µg/ml inhibited 100% motility of worms, 12h post-exposition. In the SEM, obvious differences were not detected between the negative control worms and the worms treated with EAECPL. In this study, EAECPL showed an effect on inhibition egg hatching, larval development and motility of the adult worms of H. contortus. This should be related both to the identified compounds, as well as the other compounds present in the EAECPL, acting alone or synergistically.
Subject(s)
Calotropis/chemistry , Haemonchiasis/veterinary , Haemonchus/drug effects , Latex/chemistry , Latex/pharmacology , Abomasum/parasitology , Acetates , Animals , Feces/parasitology , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Haemonchiasis/drug therapy , Haemonchiasis/parasitology , Haemonchus/growth & development , Haemonchus/physiology , Haemonchus/ultrastructure , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/veterinary , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Sheep Diseases/parasitologyABSTRACT
Among 360 isolates from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers, eleven isolates which showed in vitro probiotic properties were identified and selected for further tests. After the in vitro screening, three strains were chosen for the in vivo study of persistence of fresh cultures and then one strain was selected for the in vivo study of persistence of lyophilized culture. Lyophilized Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P was capable of persisting in broilers during a complete rearing, even 28 days following cessation of administration. L. salivarius DSPV 001P administered to broilers and recovered from GIT was compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to ensure that the same genotype was persistently identified. A combination of in vitro and in vivo screening of native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) described in this study may offer a method for selecting the most suitable strain for potential application as a broiler probiotic supplement.
Subject(s)
Chickens/microbiology , Drug Discovery/methods , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Lactobacillus/genetics , Probiotics/standards , Animals , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cell Culture Techniques/veterinary , Chickens/growth & development , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/veterinary , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Genotype , In Vitro Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
A liofilização ou criodesidratação é um método alternativo de preservação celular. Ela pode auxiliar apreservação de células espermáticas, pois facilita o armazenamento e o transporte nacional ou internacional, umavez que dispensa o uso de nitrogênio líquido para armazenamento. A liofilização pode manter espermatozoidesviáveis por vários anos, quando armazenados a 4ºC, e por horas, quando em temperatura ambiente. Além dedispensar o uso do nitrogênio líquido, ainda tem a vantagem de permitir que os espermatozoides sejam separadosem muitas alíquotas, para uso posterior, mesmo quando o sêmen acondicionado em palhetas é liofilizado, o quepode simplificar e ampliar o uso de espermatozoides liofilizados nas técnicas de reprodução assistida. Dessaforma, o trabalho teve como objetivo abordar a importância da liofilização como método de preservaçãoespermática para a reprodução animal, mediante discussão sobre o histórico da biotécnica, os processos físicosenvolvidos, os danos decorrentes, sua aplicação, bem como suas vantagens e limitações.(AU)
Lyophilization, or freeze-drying, is an alternative method of cellular preservation. This practice canassist the preservation of sperm cells, facilitating the storage and also the domestic or international transport,by eliminating the need of liquid nitrogen for storage. Lyophilization can maintain sperm viable for severalyears when stored at 4oC, and for hours at room temperature. In addition to exempting the use of liquidnitrogen, also has the advantage of allowing sperm to be separated into many aliquots for later use, even whenthe sperm stored in straws is lyophilized. What you can simplify and expand the use of freeze-dried spermatozoain assisted reproduction techniques. Therefore, this paper aimed to describe the importance of lyophilization asa method of sperm preservation for animal reproduction, discussing the biotech history, the physical processesinvolved, the damages arising, the application, as well as their advantages and limitations.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Cattle , Freeze Drying/methods , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Cryopreservation/methods , BiotechnologyABSTRACT
A liofilização ou criodesidratação é um método alternativo de preservação celular. Ela pode auxiliar apreservação de células espermáticas, pois facilita o armazenamento e o transporte nacional ou internacional, umavez que dispensa o uso de nitrogênio líquido para armazenamento. A liofilização pode manter espermatozoidesviáveis por vários anos, quando armazenados a 4ºC, e por horas, quando em temperatura ambiente. Além dedispensar o uso do nitrogênio líquido, ainda tem a vantagem de permitir que os espermatozoides sejam separadosem muitas alíquotas, para uso posterior, mesmo quando o sêmen acondicionado em palhetas é liofilizado, o quepode simplificar e ampliar o uso de espermatozoides liofilizados nas técnicas de reprodução assistida. Dessaforma, o trabalho teve como objetivo abordar a importância da liofilização como método de preservaçãoespermática para a reprodução animal, mediante discussão sobre o histórico da biotécnica, os processos físicosenvolvidos, os danos decorrentes, sua aplicação, bem como suas vantagens e limitações.
Lyophilization, or freeze-drying, is an alternative method of cellular preservation. This practice canassist the preservation of sperm cells, facilitating the storage and also the domestic or international transport,by eliminating the need of liquid nitrogen for storage. Lyophilization can maintain sperm viable for severalyears when stored at 4oC, and for hours at room temperature. In addition to exempting the use of liquidnitrogen, also has the advantage of allowing sperm to be separated into many aliquots for later use, even whenthe sperm stored in straws is lyophilized. What you can simplify and expand the use of freeze-dried spermatozoain assisted reproduction techniques. Therefore, this paper aimed to describe the importance of lyophilization asa method of sperm preservation for animal reproduction, discussing the biotech history, the physical processesinvolved, the damages arising, the application, as well as their advantages and limitations.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Cattle , Cryopreservation/methods , Freeze Drying/methods , Freeze Drying/veterinary , BiotechnologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of low concentrations of natural and lyophilized low density lipoprotein (LDL) from hen's egg yolk for cryopreservation of canine semen. Different ammonium sulphate concentrations were tested to extract LDL from egg yolk. The yolk was centrifuged, and LDL was isolated using 10, 20, 40, 45, or 50 percent ammonium sulphate solution (ASS). The LDL-rich floating fraction was collected for chemical characterization. Dry matter content was lowest (P<0.05) in the LDL extracted with the 50 percent ASS. The purification of LDL increased in association with increasing ammonium sulphate concentrations. SDS-PAGE showed that the 50 percent ASS solution yielded a purer fraction of LDL from egg yolk. For semen cryopreservation, TRIS extender was used replacing 20 percent egg yolk (control) by natural or lyophilized LDL using 1, 2, and 3 percent (w/v). Semen was centrifuged (755Xg for 7 min), diluted with one of the extenders, packed into 0.5mL straws (100x106 sperm/mL), and placed in a programmable cryopreservation machine. Thawed semen (37°C/ 30s) was analyzed for sperm motility, morphology, and by the hypoosmotic and epifluorescence tests (CFDA/ PI). Natural LDL extracted with 50 percent ASS was as effective as whole egg yolk to preserve canine frozen sperm when using low concentrations. The lyophilized LDL, mainly in the two higher concentrations tested (2 and 3 percent), was unsuitable to maintain the effectiveness of the LDL cryoprotective effect on dog sperm.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de baixas concentrações da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LBD) extraída da gema do ovo de galinha, nas formas natural e liofilizada, na criopreservado do sêmen canino. Diferentes concentrações de sulfato de amônio também foram testadas na extrato da LBD da gema do ovo. A gema foi centrifugada, sendo a LBD isolada usando-se soluto saturada de sulfato de amônio (SSA) nas concentrações de 10, 20, 40, 45 e 50 por cento. A frado rica em LBD foi coletada para caracterizado química. O contedo de matéria seca foi menor (P<0,05) na LBD extraída com SSA 50 por cento. A pureza da LBD melhorou medida que se aumentou a concentrado de SSA utilizada. SDS-PAGE mostrou que a SSA 50 por cento produziu uma frado mais pura de LBD oriunda da gema do ovo. Para o congelamento de sêmen, o meio diluidor TRIS teve a gema do ovo a 20 por cento (controle) substituída pela LBD a 1, 2 e 3 por cento (p/v), nas formas natural e liofilizada. O sêmen foi centrifugado (755xg por 7min), diluído em um dos meios diluidores em teste e envasado em palhetas de 0,5mL (100x106 sptz/mL), sendo congelado em máquina de congelamento programável. O sêmen descongelado (37°C/30s) foi analisado quanto motilidade e morfologia espermática e nos testes hiposm-tico e de epifluorescência (DACF/IP). A LBD natural extraída com SSA 50 por cento foi tão eficiente quanto a gema do ovo na preservado do espermatozoide canino congelado nas baixas concentrações testadas. A LBD liofilizada, principalmente as duas maiores concentrações (2 e 3 por cento), não foi adequada para manter o efeito crioprotetor da LBD sobre o espermatozoide canino.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/embryology , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Egg Yolk , Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Ammonium SulfateABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of low concentrations of natural and lyophilized low density lipoprotein (LDL) from hen's egg yolk for cryopreservation of canine semen. Different ammonium sulphate concentrations were tested to extract LDL from egg yolk. The yolk was centrifuged, and LDL was isolated using 10, 20, 40, 45, or 50 percent ammonium sulphate solution (ASS). The LDL-rich floating fraction was collected for chemical characterization. Dry matter content was lowest (P<0.05) in the LDL extracted with the 50 percent ASS. The purification of LDL increased in association with increasing ammonium sulphate concentrations. SDS-PAGE showed that the 50 percent ASS solution yielded a purer fraction of LDL from egg yolk. For semen cryopreservation, TRIS extender was used replacing 20 percent egg yolk (control) by natural or lyophilized LDL using 1, 2, and 3 percent (w/v). Semen was centrifuged (755Xg for 7 min), diluted with one of the extenders, packed into 0.5mL straws (100x106 sperm/mL), and placed in a programmable cryopreservation machine. Thawed semen (37°C/ 30s) was analyzed for sperm motility, morphology, and by the hypoosmotic and epifluorescence tests (CFDA/ PI). Natural LDL extracted with 50 percent ASS was as effective as whole egg yolk to preserve canine frozen sperm when using low concentrations. The lyophilized LDL, mainly in the two higher concentrations tested (2 and 3 percent), was unsuitable to maintain the effectiveness of the LDL cryoprotective effect on dog sperm...
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de baixas concentrações da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LBD) extraída da gema do ovo de galinha, nas formas natural e liofilizada, na criopreservado do sêmen canino. Diferentes concentrações de sulfato de amônio também foram testadas na extrato da LBD da gema do ovo. A gema foi centrifugada, sendo a LBD isolada usando-se soluto saturada de sulfato de amônio (SSA) nas concentrações de 10, 20, 40, 45 e 50 por cento. A frado rica em LBD foi coletada para caracterizado química. O contedo de matéria seca foi menor (P<0,05) na LBD extraída com SSA 50 por cento. A pureza da LBD melhorou medida que se aumentou a concentrado de SSA utilizada. SDS-PAGE mostrou que a SSA 50 por cento produziu uma frado mais pura de LBD oriunda da gema do ovo. Para o congelamento de sêmen, o meio diluidor TRIS teve a gema do ovo a 20 por cento (controle) substituída pela LBD a 1, 2 e 3 por cento (p/v), nas formas natural e liofilizada. O sêmen foi centrifugado (755xg por 7min), diluído em um dos meios diluidores em teste e envasado em palhetas de 0,5mL (100x106 sptz/mL), sendo congelado em máquina de congelamento programável. O sêmen descongelado (37°C/30s) foi analisado quanto motilidade e morfologia espermática e nos testes hiposm-tico e de epifluorescência (DACF/IP). A LBD natural extraída com SSA 50 por cento foi tão eficiente quanto a gema do ovo na preservado do espermatozoide canino congelado nas baixas concentrações testadas. A LBD liofilizada, principalmente as duas maiores concentrações (2 e 3 por cento), não foi adequada para manter o efeito crioprotetor da LBD sobre o espermatozoide canino...
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/embryology , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Egg Yolk , Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Ammonium Sulfate , Freeze Drying/veterinaryABSTRACT
Cats with orthopedic conditions are a prominent part of the clinical work of veterinary. Conditions such as comminuted fractures, bone tumors and non-unions are often difficult to repair and may require the use of bone grafts for treatment. This study evaluated cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen or lyophilized for correcting long bone defects created in the diaphysis of the right femur of domestic cats (n=24). In the control group (n=6), the defect was repaired using autogenous cortical bone graft. In the remaining animals (n=6/group), the defect was repaired with cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen or lyophilized. Success of graft incorporation and length of time for consolidation were assessed through clinical, radiographic and histological evaluations performed up to 180 days. In the control, frozen, honey and lyophylized groups, respectively, success of graft incorporation was 91.6%, 83.3%, 75%, and 25%, with corresponding mean length of time for consolidation of 83.1, 78, 105 and 120 days. Incorporation percentage in the lyophilized group was significantly lower than in the frozen and control groups. In conclusion, bone grafts preserved in honey or frozen were effective for repairing cortical defects in the femurs of cats as compared to autogenous cortical bone grafts.(AU)
Afecções ortopédicas em gatos são frequentes, podendo-se encontrar fraturas cominutivas, neoplasias ósseas ou não-uniões de fraturas. Uma opção para o tratamento dessas afecções é a utilização de enxerto ou implante ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel, congelados ou liofilizados na substituição de segmento diafisário do fêmur de felinos. Foi confeccionada uma falha óssea na diáfise do fêmur de 24 felinos. Em seis felinos a falha foi preenchida com o próprio osso removido e nos outros 18 animais, com implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel, congelados ou liofilizados. Os animais foram avaliados clínica, radiográfica e histologicamente durante 180 dias. A incorporação foi de 91,6% no grupo controle, com tempo médio para consolidação de 83,1 dias; no mel foi de 75%, com tempo médio de 105 dias; no congelado foi de 83,3% com tempo médio de 78 dias e no liofilizado foi de 25%, com tempo médio de 120 dias. A porcentagem de consolidação foi significativamente menor no grupo liofilizado em relação aos grupos congelado e controle. É possível concluir que os implantes ósseos autógenos e os conservados no mel e congelados são eficazes no preenchimento de defeito cortical em fêmur de felinos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cats/injuries , Bone Transplantation/veterinary , Transplantation, Autologous/veterinary , Transplantation, Homologous/veterinary , Femur/surgery , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Bone Resorption/veterinary , Fracture Healing , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Estudou-se as alterações clínico-patológicas e laboratoriais em equinos, inoculados experimentalmente com a peçonha de Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni e Bothropoides neuwiedi, com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios para o diagnóstico do envenenamento pela picada dessas. Os venenos liofilizados foram diluídos em 1ml de solução fisiológica e administrados a seis equinos, por via subcutânea, nas doses de 0,5 e 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0,8 e 1,6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0,205mg/kg (B. moojeni) e 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). Todos os equinos, menos os que receberam o veneno de B. jararacussu, morreram Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se entre 8min e 2h10min após a inoculação. O período de evolução variou, nos quatro casos de êxito letal, de 24h41min a 70h41min, e nos dois equinos que se recuperaram foi de 16 dias. O quadro clínico, independente do tipo de veneno e das doses, caracterizou-se por aumento de volume no local da inoculação, arrastar da pinça do membro inoculado no solo, inquietação, apatia, diminuição da resposta aos estímulos externos, mucosas pálidas e hemorragias. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia normocítica normocrômica com progressiva diminuição no número de hemácias, da hemoglobina e do hematócrito, e leucocitose por neutrofilia. Houve aumento de alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, dehidrogenase láctica, ureia e glicose, bem como aumento do tempo de ativação da protrombina e do tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada. Os achados de necropsia foram extensas hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo, com presença de sangue não coagulado e em boa parte associadas a edema (edema hemorrágico), que se estendia desde o local da inoculação até as regiões cervical, torácica, escapular e membro. Na periferia das áreas hemorrágicas havia predominantemente edema gelatinoso. Havia ainda presença de grande quantidade de líquido sanguinolento nas cavidades torácica, pericárdica e abdominal. Não foram encontradas alterações histológicas significativas.(AU)
The clinical and pathological alterations in horses, experimentally inoculated with Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi poisons, were studied with the purpose to supply subsidies for the diagnosis of the poisoning. The liofilized poisons were diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution and subcutaneously administered to six horses, at doses of 0.5 and 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0.8 and 1.6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0.205mg/kg (B. moojeni) and 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). All horses, less those that received the poison of B. jararacussu, died The clinical signs began between 8min and 2h10min after the inoculation. The clinical course varied, in the four cases of lethal exit, from 24h41min to 70h41min, and was 16 days in the two horses that recovered,. The clinical picture, independent of the poison type and doses, was characterized by tumefaction at the site of inoculation, dragging on the ground with the hooves of the inoculated leg, inquietude, apathy, decrease of reaction to external stimuli, pale mucous membranes and hemorrhages. Laboratory exams revealed normocytic normochrômic anemia with progressive decrease in the number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin and of the hematocrit, and leucocytosis due to neutrophilia. There was increase of alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, lactic dehydrogenase, ureia and glucose, as well increase of the time of activation of protrombin and partial tromboplastina. At postmortem examination, the main findings were extensive hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, with the presence of non-coagulated blood, to a large degree associataed with edema (hemorragic edema), which extended from the inoculation site of the venom to the cervical, thoraxic and scapular region, and to the leg. In the periphery of the hemorragic areas existed gelatinous edema. There were great amounts of sanguinary liquid in the thoracic, pericardic and abdominal cavities. No significant histological alterations were found.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Bothrops , Poisoning/pathology , Poisoning/veterinary , Snake Bites/veterinary , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Animals, Poisonous , Edema/veterinaryABSTRACT
Estudou-se as alterações clínico-patológicas e laboratoriais em equinos, inoculados experimentalmente com a peçonha de Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni e Bothropoides neuwiedi, com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios para o diagnóstico do envenenamento pela picada dessas. Os venenos liofilizados foram diluídos em 1ml de solução fisiológica e administrados a seis equinos, por via subcutânea, nas doses de 0,5 e 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0,8 e 1,6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0,205mg/kg (B. moojeni) e 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). Todos os equinos, menos os que receberam o veneno de B. jararacussu, morreram Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se entre 8min e 2h10min após a inoculação. O período de evolução variou, nos quatro casos de êxito letal, de 24h41min a 70h41min, e nos dois equinos que se recuperaram foi de 16 dias. O quadro clínico, independente do tipo de veneno e das doses, caracterizou-se por aumento de volume no local da inoculação, arrastar da pinça do membro inoculado no solo, inquietação, apatia, diminuição da resposta aos estímulos externos, mucosas pálidas e hemorragias. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia normocítica normocrômica com progressiva diminuição no número de hemácias, da hemoglobina e do hematócrito, e leucocitose por neutrofilia. Houve aumento de alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, dehidrogenase láctica, ureia e glicose, bem como aumento do tempo de ativação da protrombina e do tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada. Os achados de necropsia foram extensas hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo, com presença de sangue não coagulado e em boa parte associadas a edema (edema hemorrágico), que se estendia desde o local da inoculação até as regiões cervical, torácica, escapular e membro. Na periferia das áreas hemorrágicas havia predominantemente edema gelatinoso. Havia ainda presença de grande quantidade de líquido sanguinolento nas cavidades torácica, pericárdica e abdominal. Não foram encontradas alterações histológicas significativas.(AU)
The clinical and pathological alterations in horses, experimentally inoculated with Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi poisons, were studied with the purpose to supply subsidies for the diagnosis of the poisoning. The liofilized poisons were diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution and subcutaneously administered to six horses, at doses of 0.5 and 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0.8 and 1.6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0.205mg/kg (B. moojeni) and 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). All horses, less those that received the poison of B. jararacussu, died The clinical signs began between 8min and 2h10min after the inoculation. The clinical course varied, in the four cases of lethal exit, from 24h41min to 70h41min, and was 16 days in the two horses that recovered,. The clinical picture, independent of the poison type and doses, was characterized by tumefaction at the site of inoculation, dragging on the ground with the hooves of the inoculated leg, inquietude, apathy, decrease of reaction to external stimuli, pale mucous membranes and hemorrhages. Laboratory exams revealed normocytic normochrômic anemia with progressive decrease in the number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin and of the hematocrit, and leucocytosis due to neutrophilia. There was increase of alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, lactic dehydrogenase, ureia and glucose, as well increase of the time of activation of protrombin and partial tromboplastina. At postmortem examination, the main findings were extensive hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, with the presence of non-coagulated blood, to a large degree associataed with edema (hemorragic edema), which extended from the inoculation site of the venom to the cervical, thoraxic and scapular region, and to the leg. In the periphery of the hemorragic areas existed gelatinous edema. There were great amounts of sanguinary liquid in the thoracic, pericardic and abdominal cavities. No significant histological alterations were found.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Poisoning/pathology , Snake Bites/veterinary , Bothrops , Freeze Drying/veterinary , Poisoning/veterinary , Edema/veterinary , Horses , Animals, PoisonousABSTRACT
Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematode-trapping fungus responsible for attacking larval stages of helminthes in pasture. D. flagrans chlamydospores were produced using a two-step liquid/solid culture system. The inoculum grown in liquid medium was transferred to a rice substrate and kept at room temperature for 30 days. Grains were washed, filtered and centrifuged. The pellet was lyophilized and the obtained yield averaged 1 x 10(5) chlamydospores per gram of dried material. The lyophilized chlamydospores showed a trapping rate of 69% of infective larvae in vitro and were excreted entirely in ovine faeces. The results showed that most of the chlamydospores remained intact and viable after the lyophilization process.