ABSTRACT
Neutron induced reactions play a vital role in the field of nuclear and particle physics. An effort was made to study the neutron-induced reaction cross-section of 115In(n,γ)116mIn with 197Au(n,γ)198Au as monitor reaction and carried out the reaction for the neutron energies of 13.520 ± 0.005 and 14.54 ± 0.24 MeV. The neutrons obtained from the D-T fusion reaction of Purnima neutron generator were used for the activation of the given reaction and the monitor. The covariance analysis and the partial uncertainties due to various attributes were utilised for estimating the uncertainty propagation and hence obtained the correlation for measured reaction cross-sections. The measured reaction cross-sections have been validated with earlier reported data from EXFOR, ENDF data of various libraries, and also theoretically calculated the values of the TALYS-1.9 code.
Subject(s)
Neutrons , Radiation Dosage , Radiometry/methods , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Gamma Rays , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effectsABSTRACT
A series of Aux/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with different gold loadings (x = 0.1-1.0 wt%) was synthesized by the photodeposition and then employed as photocatalysts to recover precious component from the industrial gold-cyanide plating wastewater. Effects of Au loading, catalyst dosage and types of hole scavenger on the photocatalytic gold recovery were investigated under ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light irradiation at room temperature. It was found that different Au loadings tuned the light absorption capacity of the synthesized photocatalysts and enhanced the photocatalytic activity in comparison with the bare TiO2 NPs. The addition of CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H8O, and Na2S2O3 as a hole scavenger significantly promoted the photocatalytic activity of the gold recovery, while the H2O2 did not. Among different hole scavengers employed in this work, the CH3OH exhibited the highest capability to promote the photocatalytic gold recovery. In summary, the Au0.5/TiO2 NPs exhibited the best photocatalytic activity to completely recover gold ions within 30 min at the catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, light intensity of 3.20 mW/cm2 in the presence of 20 vol% CH3OH as hole scavenger. The photocatalytic activity slightly decreased after the 5th cycle of recovery process, indicating its high reusability.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Wastewater , Hydrogen Peroxide , Photosynthesis , Gold/radiation effects , CyanidesABSTRACT
Silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) exhibit significantly enhanced photothermal effects and photoacoustic (PA) signal intensities, which is beneficial for various nanophotonic applications in materials science. However, the silica shell thickness for optimum enhancement is not fully understood and is even controversial depending on the physical state of the silica shell. This is because of the lack of systematic investigations of the nanoscale silica shell thickness and the photothermal effect. This study provides a robust synthetic method to control the silica shell thickness at the nanoscale and the physical state-dependent heat diffusion property. The selected base and solvent system enabled the production of silica-coated AuNRs (AuNR@SiO2) with silica shell thicknesses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 nm. AuNRs with a 20 nm silica shell showed the highest photothermal effect with a 1.45-times higher photothermal efficiency than that of AuNRs without a silica shell. The low density of the silica shell on the AuNRs showed a low photothermal effect and photostability. It was found that the disruption of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) layers on the AuNRs was responsible for the low photostability of the AuNRs. The simulation study for the heat diffusion property showed facilitated heat diffusion in the presence of a 20 nm silica shell. In a cell-based study, AuNRs with a 20 nm silica shell showed the most sensitive photothermal effect for cell death. The results of this robust study can provide conclusive conditions for the optimal silica shell thickness to obtain the highest photothermal effect, which will be useful for the future design of nanomaterials in various fields of application.
Subject(s)
Nanotubes/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cetrimonium/chemistry , Energy Transfer , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Infrared Rays , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Photothermal Therapy , Silicon Dioxide/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were surface-engineered with a cationic corona to enhance the incorporation of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The cationic corona composed of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) was atom transfer radical-polymerized on the surface of the AuNPs. The cationic corona of the engineered surface was characterized by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) incorporated onto the surface-engineered AuNPs exhibited higher cell incorporation efficiency than bare AuNPs. Ce6-incorporated AuNPs were confirmed to release singlet oxygen upon NIR irradiation. Compared to Ce6, Ce6-incorporated AuNPs exhibited higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against cancer cells in an irradiation time-dependent manner. Near-infrared-irradiated animals administered Ce6-incorporated AuNPs exhibited higher levels of tumor suppression without noticeable body weight loss. This result was attributed to the higher localization of Ce6 at the tumor sites to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Thus, we envision that engineered AuNPs with cationic corona can be tailored to effectively deliver photosensitizers to tumor sites for photodynamic therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Chlorophyllides/chemical synthesis , Chlorophyllides/radiation effects , Chlorophyllides/therapeutic use , Female , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Infrared Rays , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Methacrylates/chemical synthesis , Methacrylates/chemistry , Methacrylates/radiation effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Nylons/chemical synthesis , Nylons/chemistry , Nylons/radiation effects , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Polymerization , Singlet Oxygen/metabolism , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Rapid volumetric in vivo visualization of circulating microparticles can facilitate new biomedical applications, such as blood flow characterization or targeted drug delivery. However, existing imaging modalities generally lack the sensitivity to detect the weak signals generated by individual micrometer-sized particles distributed across millimeter- to centimeter-scale depths in living mammalian tissues. Also, the temporal resolution is typically insufficient to track the particles in an entire three-dimensional region. Herein, we introduce a new type of monodisperse (4 µm) silica-core microparticle coated with a shell formed by a multilayered structure of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to provide strong optoacoustic (OA) absorption-based contrast. We capitalize on the unique advantages of a state-of-the-art high-frame-rate OA tomography system to visualize and track the motion of these core-shell particles individually and volumetrically as they flow throughout the mouse brain vasculature. The feasibility of localizing individual solid particles smaller than red blood cells opens new opportunities for mapping the blood flow velocity, enhancing the resolution and visibility of OA images, and developing new biosensing assays.
Subject(s)
Contrast Media/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Microplastics/chemistry , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Animals , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Contrast Media/radiation effects , Female , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Infrared Rays , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Mice, Nude , Microplastics/radiation effects , Nanotubes, Carbon/radiation effects , Photoacoustic Techniques/methods , Polyethylenes/chemistry , Polyethylenes/radiation effects , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/radiation effects , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
A reliable and sensitive detection approach for SARS-CoV 2 is essential for timely infection diagnosis and transmission prevention. Here, a two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF)-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor with high sensitivity and stability for SARS-CoV 2 spike glycoprotein (S protein) detection was developed. The PEC aptasensor was constructed by a plasmon-enhanced photoactive material (namely, Au NPs/Yb-TCPP) with a specific DNA aptamer against S protein. The Au NPs/Yb-TCPP fabricated by in situ growth of Au NPs on the surface of 2D Yb-TCPP nanosheets showed a high electron-hole (e-h) separation efficiency due to the enhancement effect of plasmon, resulting in excellent photoelectric performance. The modified DNA aptamer on the surface of Au NPs/Yb-TCPP can bind with S protein with high selectivity, thus decreasing the photocurrent of the system due to the high steric hindrance and low conductivity of the S protein. The established PEC aptasensor demonstrated a highly sensitive detection for S protein with a linear response range of 0.5-8 µg/mL with a detection limit of 72 ng/mL. This work presented a promising way for the detection of SARS-CoV 2, which may conduce to the impetus of clinic diagnostics.
Subject(s)
Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Metal-Organic Frameworks/chemistry , SARS-CoV-2/chemistry , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/analysis , Base Sequence , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , COVID-19/diagnosis , DNA/chemistry , Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Electrodes , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry , Light , Limit of Detection , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Pharynx/virology , Photochemical Processes , Porphyrins/chemistry , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry , Ytterbium/chemistryABSTRACT
Optical properties of anisotropic gold nanorod arrays inside anodic aluminium oxide substrates enhance the longitudinal absorption intensities and the hyperthermia cancer cell killing at 42.1 °C under photothermal laser exposures at 671 nm.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Nanotubes/chemistry , Photothermal Therapy/methods , Aluminum Oxide/chemistry , Aluminum Oxide/pharmacology , Aluminum Oxide/radiation effects , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Death/physiology , Gold/chemistry , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/radiation effects , HeLa Cells , Humans , Nanotubes/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Synergetic therapy includes the combination of two or more conventional therapeutic approaches and can be used for tumor treatment by combining the advantages and avoiding the drawbacks of each type of treatment. In the present study, truncated tissue factor (tTF)-EG3287 fusion protein-encapsulated gold nanorod (GNR)-virus-inspired mesoporous silica core-shell nanoparticles (vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticles; VSNP) (GNR@VSNP-tTF-EG3287) were synthesized to achieve synergetic therapy by utilizing selective vascular thrombosis therapy (SVTT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). By integrating the targeted coagulation activity of tTF-EG3287 and the high tumor ablation effect of GNR@VSNP, local hyperthermia could induce a high percentage of apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by using near-infrared light. This provided additional phospholipid sites for tTF-EG3287 and enhanced its procoagulant activity in vitro. In addition, the nanoparticles, which had unique topological viral structures, exhibited superior cellular uptake properties leading to significant antitumor efficacy. The in vivo antitumor results further demonstrated an interaction between SVTT and PTT, whereas the synergetic therapy (SVTT and PTT) achieved an enhanced effect, which was superior to the respective treatment efficacy of each modality or the additive effect of their individual efficacies. In summary, the synthesized GNR@VSNP-tTF-EG3287 exerted synergetic effects and enhanced the antitumor efficiency by avoiding multiple injections and suboptimal administration. These effects simultaneously affected both tumor blood supply and cancer cell proliferation. The data suggested that the integration of SVTT induced by tTF-EG3287 and PTT could provide potential strategies for synergetic tumor therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Coagulants/therapeutic use , Nanotubes/chemistry , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Apoptosis/drug effects , Coagulants/chemistry , Female , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Gold/toxicity , Hep G2 Cells , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Humans , Infrared Rays , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Nanotubes/toxicity , Peptide Fragments/chemistry , Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use , Photothermal Therapy , Porosity , Rabbits , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/radiation effects , Silicon Dioxide/toxicity , Thromboplastin/chemistry , Thromboplastin/therapeutic use , Thrombosis/chemically induced , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistry , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/therapeutic use , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Light-driven endogenous water oxidation has been considered as an attractive and desirable way to obtain O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. However, the use of a second near-infrared (NIR-II) light to achieve endogenous H2O oxidation to alleviate tumor hypoxia and realize deep hypoxic tumor phototherapy is still a challenge. Herein, novel plasmonic Ag-AgCl@Au core-shell nanomushrooms (NMs) were synthesized by the selective photodeposition of plasmonic Au at the bulge sites of the Ag-AgCl nanocubes (NCs) under visible light irradiation. Upon NIR-II light irradiation, the resulting Ag-AgCl@Au NMs could oxidize endogenous H2O to produce O2 to alleviate tumor hypoxia. Almost synchronously, O2 could react with electrons on the conduction band of the AgCl core to generate superoxide radicals (O2â¢-)for photodynamic therapy. Moreover, Ag-AgCl@Au NMs with an excellent photothermal performance could further promote the phototherapy effect. In vitro and in vivo experimental results show that the resulting Ag-AgCl@Au NMs could significantly improve tumor hypoxia and enhance phototherapy against a hypoxic tumor. The present study provides a new strategy to design H2O-activatable, O2- and ROS-evolving NIR II light-response nanoagents for the highly efficient and synergistic treatment of deep O2-deprived tumor tissue.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Tumor Hypoxia/drug effects , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Catalysis , Cell Line, Tumor , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Gold/therapeutic use , Infrared Rays , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Oxygen/metabolism , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Photothermal Therapy , Silver/chemistry , Silver/radiation effects , Silver/therapeutic use , Silver Compounds/chemistry , Silver Compounds/radiation effects , Silver Compounds/therapeutic use , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Transferrin-modified AuNCs (Tf-AuNCs) with two photon-near infrared (TP-NIR) fluorescence were prepared. For the first time, a novel nanoprobe platform, Tf-AuNCs@MnO2, was developed for the TP-NIR fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of living cells and tissues. This platform had high spatiotemporal resolution and a tissue-penetration depth of 300 µm.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Transferrin/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/radiation effects , Fluorometry , Glutathione/analysis , Glutathione/metabolism , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Infrared Rays , MCF-7 Cells , Manganese Compounds/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Oxides/chemistry , PhotonsABSTRACT
Real-time temperature monitoring within biological objects is a key fundamental issue for understanding the heating process and performing remote-controlled release of bioactive compounds upon laser irradiation. The lack of accurate thermal control significantly limits the translation of optical laser techniques into nanomedicine. Here, we design and develop hybrid (complex) carriers based on multilayered capsules combined with nanodiamonds (NV centers) as nanothermometers and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as nanoheaters to estimate an effective laser-induced temperature rise required for capsule rupture and further release of cargo molecules outside and inside cancerous (B16-F10) cells. We integrate both elements (NV centers and Au NPs) in the capsule structure using two strategies: (i) loading inside the capsule's cavity (CORE) and incorporating them inside the capsule's wall (WALL). Theoretically and experimentally, we show the highest and lowest heat release from capsule samples (CORE or WALL) under laser irradiation depending on the Au NP arrangement within the capsule. Applying NV centers, we measure the local temperature of capsule rupture inside and outside the cells, which is determined to be 128 ± 1.12 °C. Finally, the developed hybrid containers can be used to perform the photoinduced release of cargo molecules with simultaneous real-time temperature monitoring inside the cells.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Thermometry/methods , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Liberation , Fluorescent Dyes/toxicity , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Gold/toxicity , Indoles/chemistry , Light , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity , Mice , Polymers/toxicity , Temperature , Thermometry/instrumentationABSTRACT
Combined therapeutic strategies for bacterial infection have attracted worldwide attention owing to their faster and more effective therapy with fewer side effects compared with monotherapy. In this work, gold-platinum nanodots (AuPtNDs) are simply and quickly synthesized by a one-step method. They not only exhibit powerful peroxidase-like activity but also confer a higher affinity for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is 3.4 times that of horseradish peroxidase. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, AuPtNDs also have excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (50.53%) and strong photothermal stability. Excitingly, they can combat bacterial infection through the combination of chemodynamic and photothermal therapy. In vitro antibacterial results show that the combined antibacterial strategy has a broad-spectrum antibacterial property against both Escherichia coli (Gram negative, 97.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive, 99.3%). Animal experiments further show that nanodots can effectively promote the healing of bacterial infection wounds. In addition, owing to good biocompatibility and low toxicity, they are hardly traceable in the main organs of mice, which indicates that they can be well excreted through metabolism. These results reveal the application potential of AuPtNDs as a simple and magic multifunctional nanoparticle in antibacterial therapy and open up new applications for clinical anti-infective therapy in the near future.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Quantum Dots/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/radiation effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Catalysis , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Gold/therapeutic use , Gold/toxicity , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Infrared Rays , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Photothermal Therapy , Platinum/chemistry , Platinum/radiation effects , Platinum/therapeutic use , Platinum/toxicity , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Quantum Dots/radiation effects , Quantum Dots/toxicity , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effectsABSTRACT
MicroRNA-21 is an important biomarker of tumor early prediction and metastasis, and its accurate detection is of great significance for tumor diagnosis and treatment. It will be a meaningful work to combine the detection of RNA with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy on the same composite material. Herein, we designed a multifunctional nanocomposite based on gold nanorods (AuNRs), making use of microRNA-triggered drug release and near-infrared photothermal effect, which has been developed for cancer therapy and microRNA-21detection. Firstly, the AuNRs with photothermal effect were synthesized as carriers for drug delivery. Then the surface of gold nanorods was modified by functional DNA chains to provide an efficient site for doxorubicin (DOX) loading. Finally, folic acid was introduced to achieve the targeted treatment of MCF-7 cells. The microRNA competed with the double-stranded DNA, resulting in the release of DOX and the recovery of fluorescence signal located at 595 nm with an excitation of 488 nm effectively. The nano-biosensor could not only achieve dual-function of diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells, but also accomplish the detection of microRNA in tumor cells. It showed a high selectivity for microRNA-21 determination with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 nM from the linear relationship from 1.0 × 10-5 M to 5.0 × 10-7 M. This scheme provides an outstanding strategy for cell imaging, treatment, and detection, which serves as a promising candidate in the field of biomedical research.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , MicroRNAs/analysis , Nanotubes/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA/chemistry , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Liberation , Drug Therapy , Folic Acid/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry , Infrared Rays , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
Intense electromagnetic (EM) hot-spots arising at the junctions or gaps in plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies can drive ultrahigh sensitivity in molecular detection by surface-enhanced spectroscopies. Harnessing this potential however requires access to the confined physical space at the EM hot-spots, which is a challenge for larger analytes such as biomolecules. Here, we demonstrate self-assembly derived gold nanoparticle cluster arrays (NCAs) on gold substrates exhibiting controlled interparticle (<1 nm wide) and intercluster (<10 nm wide) hot-spots as highly promising in this direction. Sensitivity of the NCAs toward detection of small (<1 nm) or large (protein-receptor interactions) analytes in surface-enhanced Raman and metal-enhanced fluorescence assays is found to be strongly impacted by the size of the cluster and the presence of reflective substrates. Experiments supported by numerical simulations attribute the higher sensitivity to higher EM field enhancements at the hot-spots, as well as greater analyte leverage over EM hot-spots. The best-performing arrays could push the sensitivity down to picomolar detection limits for sub-nanometric organic analytes as well as large protein analytes. The investigation paves the way for rational design of plasmonic biosensors and highlights the unique capabilities of a molecular self-assembly approach toward catering to this objective.
Subject(s)
Carbocyanines/analysis , Fluorescent Dyes/analysis , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Naphthalenes/analysis , Streptavidin/analysis , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Carbocyanines/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Light , Limit of Detection , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Polystyrenes/chemistry , Polyvinyls/chemistry , Pyridines/chemistry , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods , Streptavidin/chemistryABSTRACT
One of the difficulties in atherosclerosis treatment is that the ablation of inflammatory macrophages, repair of vascular endothelial injury, and anti-tissue proliferation should be considered. However, there are few studies that can solve the abovementioned problems simultaneously. Herein, we present a kind of near-infrared (NIR) light-driven multifunctional mesoporous/macroporous tubular micromotor which can rapidly target the damaged blood vessels and release different drugs. Their motion effect can promote themselves to penetrate into the plaque site, and the generated heat effect caused by NIR irradiation can realize the photothermal ablation of inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, these micromotors can rapidly release the vascular endothelial growth factor for endothelialization and slowly release paclitaxel for antiproliferation to achieve synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis. In vivo results demonstrated that the micromotors can achieve a good therapeutic effect for atherosclerosis. This kind of micro/nanomotor technology with a complex porous structure for drug loading will bring a more potential treatment platform for the disease.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Drug Delivery Systems , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/therapeutic use , Animals , Aorta/pathology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Drug Liberation , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Humans , Infrared Rays , Macrophages/drug effects , Male , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Mice , Nanotechnology/methods , Paclitaxel/chemistry , Photothermal Therapy , Porosity , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistryABSTRACT
There has been growing interest in the application of gold nanorods (GNRs) to tumor therapy due to the unique properties they possess. In the past, GNRs were not used in clinical treatments as they lacked stability in vivo and were characterized by potential toxicity. Despite these issues, the significant potential for utilizing GNRs to conduct safe and effective treatments for tumors cannot be ignored. Therefore, it remains crucial to thoroughly investigate the mechanisms behind the toxicity of GNRs in order to provide the means of overcoming obstacles to its full application in the future. This review presents the toxic effects of GNRs, the factors affecting toxicity and the methods to improve biocompatibility, all of which are presently being studied. Finally, we conclude by briefly discussing the current research status of GNRs and provide additional perspective on the challenges involved along with the course of development for GNRs in the future.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Nanotubes/chemistry , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/radiation effects , Drug Carriers/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
Controlled drug release in response to light irradiation is an important technique for focusing drug elution to specific sites and reducing the side effects of drugs in normal tissue. In one example, we used double-stranded DNA to modify gold nanorods. When the gold nanorods were heated by irradiation with near-infrared light, single-stranded DNA was released. Thus, we successfully prepared a controlled release system that responds to near-infrared irradiation by combining heat-labile linkers such as double-stranded DNA. However, the drug-loading capacity on the surface of the nanoparticles was limited. To improve the loading efficiency, we encapsulated gold nanorods in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, where PLGA acted as a drug payload. When the gold nanorod-containing PLGA nanoparticles were irradiated with a near-infrared laser, the PLGA nanoparticles were destroyed and significant drug release was observed. In another example, silver nanoplates were used as a near-infrared responsive photothermal nanodevice. Silver nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity that we expected could be controlled by light irradiation. First, we coated the silver nanoplates with gold atoms to mask the antimicrobial activity. When the gold-coated silver nanoplates were irradiated with a near-infrared pulsed laser, the shape of the silver nanoplates changed from plate-like to spherical, and silver ions were released. As a result, the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoplates was recovered. In this review, we outline examples of controlled release systems that respond to light irradiation. We believe that this review will contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Drug Liberation/radiation effects , Gold , Infrared Rays , Metal Nanoparticles , Nanotubes , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents , DNA , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/radiation effects , Hot Temperature , Humans , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Mice , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer/radiation effects , Silver/pharmacology , Silver/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Gold nanodendrite (AuND)-based nanotheranostic agents with versatile capabilities were fabricated by optimizing the geometrical configurations (dendrite length and density) of AuND to achieve localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in near-infrared biowindow II (NIR-II), and then subsequently functionalizing with a mitochondria-targeting compound (triphenylphosphonium, TPP), loading with an NIR-photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG) and coating with the macrophage cell membrane (MCM) to trap ICG within AuND and selectively interact with MDA-MB-231 cells. The novel AuND-TPP-ICG@MCM system enabled the integration of multimodal fluorescence/photoacoustic/surface-enhanced Raman imaging with synergistic therapies of NIR-II photothermal therapy and NIR-I photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment. Enhanced hyperthermia and elevated production of reactive oxygen species within the tumors via MCM coating and mitochondria targeting afforded a synergistic efficacy for tumor eradication with limited side effects. The demonstrated biocompatibility, multi-imaging capability, and high therapeutic efficiency under NIR laser irradiation indicate the potentials of this multifunctional nanotheranostic platform for clinical utility in cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Female , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Indocyanine Green/pharmacokinetics , Indocyanine Green/radiation effects , Indocyanine Green/therapeutic use , Infrared Rays , Macrophages/cytology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Multimodal Imaging , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacokinetics , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Photothermal Therapy , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Surface Plasmon Resonance , Theranostic Nanomedicine/methodsABSTRACT
A photothermal immunoassay using a thermometer as readout based on polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids was built. Temperature output is acquired due to the photothermal effect of the photothermal nanomaterial. Polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids were synthesized by interfacial reactions with high photothermal conversion efficiency. A sandwich structure of the immunocomplex was prepared on a microplate for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids as nanolabel. The released heat based on light-to-heat conversion from the photothermal nanolabel under NIR irradiation is detectable using the thermometer. The increased temperature is directly proportional to CEA concentration. The linear range of the photothermal immunoassay is 0.20 to 25 ng mL-1 with determination limit of 0.17 ng mL-1. Polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids with high photothermal conversion efficiency was synthesized as labels to construct photothermal immunosensor. The sandwich-type immunoassay was built on 96 hole plate based on specific binding of antigen and antibody. Carcinoembryonic antigen in sample was detected quantitatively by thermometer readout.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood , Immunoassay/methods , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Thermometers , Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/radiation effects , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Immunoassay/instrumentation , Infrared Rays , Limit of Detection , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Rabbits , Reproducibility of Results , TemperatureABSTRACT
Inducing plasmonic characteristics, primarily localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), in conventional AuNPs through particle size and shape control could lead to a significant enhancement in electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties. Synthetic protocols and versatile fabrication methods play pivotal roles to produced plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be employed in multipurpose energy, environmental and biomedical applications. The main focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive and tutorial overview of various synthetic methods to design highly plasmonic AuNPs, along with a brief essay to understand the experimental procedure for each technique. The latter part of the review is dedicated to the most advanced and recent solar-induced energy, environmental and biomedical applications. The synthesis methods are compared to identify the best possible synthetic route, which can be adopted while employing plasmonic AuNPs for a specific application. The tutorial nature of the review would be helpful not only for expert researchers but also for novices in the field of nanomaterial synthesis and utilization of plasmonic nanomaterials in various industries and technologies.