TNF-alpha inhibitor adalimumab attenuates endotoxin induced cardiac damage in rats

Purpose To investigate the effects of adalimumab pretreatment on the lipopolysaccharide-mediated myocardial injury. Methods Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=7). Control (C) group animals were injected once a day with intraperitoneal (i.p) 0.9 % saline for two days. In the Adalimumab (Ada) group, adalimumab was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg/ day (i.p) for two days. Lipopolysaccharide (Lps) group rats were injected with a dose of 5 mg/kg (i.p) lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide + Adalimumab (Lps+Ada) group rats received adalimumab before the administration of lipopolysaccharide. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection and blood samples were obtained for determination of biochemical cardiac injury markers and circulating levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hearts were harvested for histological examination. Results Endotoxin exposure resulted in significant increases in serum cardiac injury markers, serum cytokines and histological myocardial injury scores in the Lps group. The levels of circulating cytokines, cardiac injury markers and histological injury scores for myocardial necrosis, perivascular cell infiltration, and inflammation were significantly reduced in Lps+Ada as compared to Lps group (p<0.05). Conclusions Adalimumab pretreatment reduces endotoxin-induced myocardial damage in rats. This beneficial effect is thought to be related to the reduction of cytokine release.(AU)

Trauma cardiaco en pediatría / Cardiac trauma in pediatrics

El trauma cardiaco constituye una entidad infrecuente en pediatría que requiere de toma de decisiones rápidas y oportunas, además de un manejo óptimo para obtener una mejor sobrevida de los pacientes. En esta revisión en base a un caso clínico, se actualiza el tema de trauma cardiaco, se describen los tipos más frecuentes, las diferentes formas clínicas de presentación y el enfrentamiento terapéutico. Palabras clave: Trauma cardiaco, penetrante cardiaca, cirugía cardiaca.

Cardiac trauma is an uncommon entity in pediatrics that requires quick and timely decision making, as well as optimal management to obtain a better survival of patients. In this review based on a case report, the issue of cardiac trauma is updated, the most frequent types, the different clinical forms of presentation and the therapeutic confrontation are described.

Atrial-oesophageal fistula following percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: the risk still persists.

Aims: Atrial-oesophageal fistula is a serious complication related to ablation of atrial fibrillation. As its occurrence is rare, there is a great lack of information about their mechanisms, incidence, presentations, and treatment. The objective of this manuscript is to present a series of cases of atrial-oesophageal fistula in Brazil, focusing on incidence, clinical presentation, and follow-up. Methods and results: This is a retrospective multicentre registry of atrial-oesophageal fistula cases that occurred in eight Brazilian centres from 2003 to 2015. Ten cases (0.113%) of atrial-oesophageal fistula were reported in 8863 ablation procedures in the period. Most of the subjects were male (70%) with age 59.6 ± 9.3 years. Eight centres were reference units in atrial fibrillation ablation with an experience over than 200 procedures at the time of fistula occurrence. Oesophageal temperature monitoring was performed in eight cases using coated sensors in six. The first atrial-oesophageal fistula clinical manifestation was typically fever (in six patients), with a median onset time of 16.5 (12­43) days after ablation. There was a delay of 7.8 ± 3.3 days between the first manifestation and the diagnosis in five patients. The treatment was surgical in six cases, clinical in three and stenting in one. Seven patients died (70%) and two developed permanent neurological sequelae. Conclusion: Atrial-oesophageal fistula remains a serious complication following AF ablation despite the incorporation of protective measures and increased technical experience of the groups. The high morbidity and mortality despite the treatment indicates the need to develop adequate preventive strategies.

Successful management of grade III coronary perforation after percutaneous angioplasty in a high-risk patient: a case report.

Coronary perforation is a rare complication in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty. The mortality of this complication varies depending on factors related to the patient and the procedure performed, reaching 44% in patients with Ellis type III perforation. We report the case of an 81 year old male with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, who underwent percutaneous angioplasty for unstable angina management. The patient developed grade III coronary perforation in the anterior descending artery, which was successfully managed with balloon inflation to 6 atmospheres for 10 minutes twice in the affected area, with an interval of 5 minutes between each dilatation. The patient improved and was discharged.

La perforación coronaria es una complicación rara en los pacientes sometidos a angioplastia percutánea coronaria. La mortalidad de esta complicación es variable, dependiendo de factores relacionados al paciente y al procedimiento realizado. Alcanza el 44% en pacientes con perforación tipo III, según la escala de Ellis. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 81 años con múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular, a quien se le realizó una angioplastia percutánea para manejo de un síndrome isquémico coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SICA STNE) de alto riesgo. El procedimiento se complicó con una perforación coronaria grado III en la arteria descendente anterior, la cual fue manejada exitosamente con dilatación de balón a 6 atmósferas por 10 minutos en dos oportunidades en la zona afectada, con intervalo de 5 minutos entre insuflaciones. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y fue dado de alta.

Traslado aéreo con balón de contrapulsación aórtico de paciente con ruptura del septum interventricular post infarto al miocardio / Air transfer with an aortic balloon counterpulsation of a patient with interventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction

Introducción: El balón intraaórtico de contrapulsación (BIAC) puede utilizarse como soporte circulatorio en pacientes cuyo tratamiento definitivo no está en el hospital de ingreso y es necesario hacer un traslado pensando en el mejor resultado final para el paciente. No existen reportes nacionales de este tipo de traslado Presentación del caso: Paciente mujer de 62 años con múltiples antecedentes mórbidos fue trasladada desde Tocopilla al Hospital Regional de Antofagasta (HRA), consultando por cuadro de disnea progresiva y dolor en hemiabdomen superior de 72 horas de evolución. Se planteó un síndrome coronario agudo y se solicitó co-ronariografía que reveló una estenosis de la arteria descendente anterior en su 1/3 medio en un 80%. Se realizó una angioplastía con Stent DES. Al llegar a UCI destaca soplo pansistólico en foco mitral solicitándose ecocar-diograma Doppler Color que mostró una comunicación interventricular (CIV) (Figura 1). Se instaló un balón de contrapulsación intra aórtico (Figura 2) y se planificó el traslado aéreo al Hospital Gustavo Fricke (HGF) que se efectuó sin incidentes (Figura 3). Tres días después se cerró la CIV manteniendo el balón de contrapulsación intra aórtico. Un ecocardiograma de control mostró una CIV residual de 0,7 mm y la evolución clínica posterior fue satisfactoria. Al 13er día post operación se constató una infección de la herida operatoria. Se trató con an-tibióticoterapia y aseo quirúrgico en 4 oportunidades, evolucionando satisfactoriamente. Se trasladó de regreso al Hospital de Antofagasta sin complicaciones y finalmente se dio de alta.

Introduction: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) has been used for many years. IABC serves as circulatory support in patients where definitive care is not in the admission hospital. There are not reports of air transport with IABC in our national reality. Case report: A 62 year old patient with multiple morbid history was derived from Tocopilla to Antofagasta's Regional Hospital (ARH), she consulted for progressive dyspnea and abdominal pain 72 hours ago. We diagnosed acute coronary syndrome and the coronariography informs coronary stenosis of the anterior descending artery in the middle third about 80%. Angioplasty with stent is performed. The patient arrived to UCI, in the physical examination stands mitral pansystolic murmur. Color doppler echocardiography was requested: highlight interventricular comunication (IVC). Counterpulsation balloon is positioned and we planned the air transport to Gustavo Fricke Hospital (HGF). Transfer HRA-HGF was performed uneventfully with stable patient. 3 days after, IVC is closed and maintains IABC. Control echocardiography reports 0.7 mm residual IVC with satisfactory clinical course. At the 13th post-surgical day, the wound becomes infected and she is treated with antibiotic therapy and surgical toilet in 4 opportunities to evolve successfully. The HGF-HRA transfer is done without complications, his recuperation is satisfactory and she is discharged from the ARH. Discussion: There is evidence that the air tranfers with BIAC are safe, always considering factors such as the expansion of gases and electronic failures.

Penetrating cardiac trauma: 20-y experience from a university teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND: Penetrating traumas, including gunshot and stab wounds, are the major causes of cardiac trauma. Our aim was to describe and compare the variables between patients with penetrating cardiac trauma in the past 20 y in a university hospital, identifying risk factors for morbidity and death. METHODS: Review of trauma registry data followed by descriptive statistical analysis comparing the periods 1990-1999 (group 1, 54 cases) and 2000-2009 (group 2, 39 cases). Clinical data at hospital admission, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) were recorded. RESULTS: The incidences of penetrating cardiac injuries were steady within the period of study in the chosen metropolitan area. The two groups were similar regarding age, mechanism of trauma (gunshot × stab), and ISS. Group 1 showed lower systolic blood pressure at admission (mean 87 versus 109 mm Hg), lower GCS (12.9 versus 14.1), lower RTS (6.4 versus 7.3), higher incidence of grade IV-V cardiac lesions (74% versus 48.7%), and were less likely to survive (0.83 versus 0.93). The major risk factor for death was gunshot wound (13 times higher than stab wound), systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg, GCS < 8, RTS < 7.84, associated injuries, grade IV-V injury, and ISS > 25. We observed a tendency in mortality reduction from 20.3% to 10.3% within the period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: Several associated factors for mortality and morbidity were identified. In the last decade, patients were admitted in better physiological condition, perhaps reflecting an improvement on prehospital treatment. We observed a trend toward a lower mortality rate.

Retrospective study of heart injuries occurred in Manaus - Amazon.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the forms of treatment employed to heart injuries and the main aspects related to their morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study of 102 patients with cardiac injuries treated in the two emergency rooms in Manaus (Dr. John Lucio Pereira Machado Emergency Hospital and August 28 County Emergency Hospital) from January 1998 to June 2006. RESULTS: Of the 102 patients, 95.1% were men; mean age was 27 years; stab wounds accounted for 81.4% of cases and gunshot wounds for 18.6%; cardiorrhaphy was performed in 98.1% of cases. The heart chambers affected were: Right Ventricle (RV): 43.9% (36.2% isolated and 7.7% associated with other chambers); Left Ventricle (LV): 37.2%; Right Atrium (RA): 8.5%; and Left Atrium (LA): 10.4%; specific mortalities were of 21%, 23%, 22% and 45%, respectively. The mortality injuries to two associated chambers was 37.5%, 20% being for RA + RV, 100% for RV + LV, and zero for RV + LA. The lung accounted for 33.7% of the 89 associated lesions. Mean time of surgery and hospital stay were 121 minutes and 8.2 days, respectively. About 22.5% of patients displayed 41 complications. The mortality rate was 28.4%. Lesions grade IV and V corresponded to 55% and 41% of cases, with specific mortality of 26% and 15%, respectively. All patients with grade injuries VI died. CONCLUSION: Cardiac stab wounds were associated with lower mortality, cardiac lesions grade IV were associated with higher mortality and a shorter operative time was associated with greater severity and mortality.

Estudo retrospectivo de ferimentos cardíacos ocorridos em Manaus/AM / Retrospective study of heart injuries occurred in Manaus - Amazon

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as formas de tratamento empregadas e os principais aspectos relacionados à morbidade e à mortalidade dos ferimentos cardíacos.. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 102 doentes com lesão cardíaca, atendidos nos dois prontos socorros de Manaus (Pronto Socorro Municipal 28 de Agosto e Hospital Pronto Socorro Dr. João Lúcio P. Machado) no período de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2006. RESULTADOS: Dos 102 doentes, 95,1% eram homens; a média de idade foi 27 anos; ferimentos por arma branca representaram 81,4% dos casos, contra 18,6% por arma de fogo; cardiorrafia foi realizada em 98,1% dos casos. As câmaras cardíacas atingidas foram: VD: 43,9% (36,2% isoladamente e 7,7% associada a outras câmaras); VE: 37,2%; AD: 8,5% e AE: 10,4%, com mortalidades específicas de 21%, 23%, 22% e 45%, respectivamente. Lesões de duas câmaras associadas alcançaram mortalidade de 37,5%, sendo 20% para VD+AD, 100% para VD+VE e zero para VD+AE. O pulmão correspondeu a 33,7% de 89 lesões associadas. Os tempos médios de cirurgia e de internação foram de 121 minutos e 8,2 dias, respectivamente. Cerca de 22,5% complicaram representando 41 complicações. A mortalidade foi 28,4%. Lesões grau IV e V corresponderam a 55% e 41% dos casos, com mortalidade específica de 26% e 15%, respectivamente. Todos os doentes com lesão grau VI morreram. CONCLUSÃO: O ferimentos cardíacos por arma branca estiveram associados a menor mortalidade, as lesões cardíacas grau IV estiveram associadas à maior mortalidade e um menor tempo operatório esteve associado à maior gravidade e mortalidade.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the forms of treatment employed to heart injuries and the main aspects related to their morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study of 102 patients with cardiac injuries treated in the two emergency rooms in Manaus (Dr. John Lucio Pereira Machado Emergency Hospital and August 28 County Emergency Hospital) from January 1998 to June 2006. RESULTS: Of the 102 patients, 95.1% were men; mean age was 27 years; stab wounds accounted for 81.4% of cases and gunshot wounds for 18.6%; cardiorrhaphy was performed in 98.1% of cases. The heart chambers affected were: Right Ventricle (RV): 43.9% (36.2% isolated and 7.7% associated with other chambers); Left Ventricle (LV): 37.2%; Right Atrium (RA): 8.5%; and Left Atrium (LA): 10.4%; specific mortalities were of 21%, 23%, 22% and 45%, respectively. The mortality injuries to two associated chambers was 37.5%, 20% being for RA + RV, 100% for RV + LV, and zero for RV + LA. The lung accounted for 33.7% of the 89 associated lesions. Mean time of surgery and hospital stay were 121 minutes and 8.2 days, respectively. About 22.5% of patients displayed 41 complications. The mortality rate was 28.4%. Lesions grade IV and V corresponded to 55% and 41% of cases, with specific mortality of 26% and 15%, respectively. All patients with grade injuries VI died. CONCLUSION: Cardiac stab wounds were associated with lower mortality, cardiac lesions grade IV were associated with higher mortality and a shorter operative time was associated with greater severity and mortality.

Estructura y organización de la rehabilitación cardíaca en el Hospital Clínico Universitario de Caracas / Structure and organization of the cardiac rehabilitation in the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Caracas

Desde hace varias décadas se ha incorporado la rehabilitación cardíaca como un recurso terapéutico en pacientes con distintas afecciones cardíacas, siendo las más frecuentes, y a la vez mayores beneficiadas por esta práctica, la enfermedad arterial coronaria con o sin infarto del miocardio, cirugía de by-pass aorto-coronario, insuficiencia cardíaca y trasplante cardíaco. En la Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardíaca del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Caracas, se han incorporado pacientes con estas patologías y otras más. En los 35 años de funcionamiento ininterrumpido de la misma, se han atendido más de 15000 pacientes, con un total de horas/hombre, que rebasa ampliamente la cifra de 1000000. Durante el transcurso de los años, y a medida que se disponía de más recursos tanto personales como materiales, fue experimentando modificaciones y ampliando su oferta de servicio. Hoy en día, la Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardíaca funciona con un personal altamente especializado y, en su mayoría, con más de 15 años de experiencia en el área, que comtempla cardiólogos, fisioterapeutas, nutricionistas, trabajadores sociales y psicólogos, conformando un equipo humano de altos valores personales y profesionales. El programa de rehabilitación cardíaca contempla cinco aspectos básicos: 1) ejercicio físico, con programación individualizada de la actividad, 2) eduación del paciente para proporcionarle información que propicie el control de los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y la modificación de hábitos de vida, de ser necesario; 3) orientación nutricional, para una alimentación más sana y protectora; 4) orientación laboral y vocacional; 5) asistencia psicológica para el paciente y su entorno familiar. En el presente trabajo se desarrollan los aspectos más importantes de este programa

Calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular que asiste al programa de rehabilitación cardiaca / Quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease to attending cardiac rehabilitation / Qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença cardiovascular para atendimento reabilitação cardíaca

La enfermedad cardiovascular es un problema de salud pública en expansión, pues es la principal causa de muerte en el mundo y afecta las dimensiones físicas, sociales y emocionales de la calidad de vida del paciente. Por lo anterior, se hace necesario que el profesional de enfermería intervenga en la mejora de la calidad de vida, promoviendo la participación de los pacientes en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca y aplicando herramientas útiles para la determinación de la calidad de vida, a fin de lograr una medición más comprensiva, integral y válida del estado de salud de los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares y la efectividad de la atención ofrecida dentro del programa. El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar a los profesionales de enfermería fundamentos relacionados con la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular que asisten a programas de rehabilitación cardiaca y los instrumentosgenéricos o específicos que se pueden utilizar como herramientas útiles de valoración y seguimiento de la calidad de vida...

Cardiovascular disease has become a public health problem in expansion, being the leading cause of death worldwide and affecting the physical, social and emotional quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse involved in improving the quality of life, promoting the participation of patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs, using tools for determining the quality of life, thus achieving a more comprehensive measurement and valid health status of patients with cardiovascular disease and the effectiveness of care offered within the program. The purpose of this review paper is to provide research results to nurses foundation related to quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease who attend cardiac rehabilitation programs and generic or specific instruments thatcan be used as tools assessment and monitoring of the quality of life...

Doença cardiovascular tornou-se um problema de saúde pública em expansão, sendo a principal causa de morte no mundo e que afetam a qualidade física, social e emocional da vida dos pacientes. Portanto, é necessário que a enfermeira envolvida na melhoria da qualidade de vida, promovendo a participação dos pacientes em programas de reabilitação cardíaca, o uso de ferramentas para determinar a qualidade de vida, alcançando assim uma medida mais abrangente e estado de saúde válido de pacientes com doença cardiovascular ea eficácia dos cuidados oferecidos dentro do programa. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é fornecer resultados de pesquisa para enfermeiras fundação relacionados à qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares que freqüentam programas de reabilitação cardíaca e instrumentos genéricos ou específicos que podem ser usados como ferramentas de avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade de vida...

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las heridas cardíacas: experiencia en 23 pacientes en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo / Surgical treatment of hearth injuries: experience in 23 patients at the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo

Evaluar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las heridas cardíacas en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Se evaluaron un total de 23 pacientes quienes presentaron traumatismos cardíacos penetrantes en el período comprendido entre enero de 1991 y enero de 2007, los signos y síntomas presentes, localización de la lesión, estudios diagnósticos, intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas y evolución postoperatoria. De los 23 traumatismos cardiovasculares penetrantes, 11 (47.82 por ciento) correspondieron a arma de fuego, 9 (39.13 por ciento) a heridas por arma blanca y 3 (13.045 por ciento) por pico de botella. Las lesiones cardíacas más frecuentes fueron: 11 heridas en ventrículo izquierdo (47.82 por ciento), 10 en ventrículo derecho (43.47 por ciento) 2 en aurícula derecha (8.69 por ciento). 2 pacientes (8,69 por ciento) presentaron choque hipovolémico durante el acto operatorio. 3 pacientes (13.04 por ciento) fallecieron en el postoperatorio inmediato y 2 (8,69 por ciento) en el postoperatorio tardío por sepsis. Las heridas del corazón se acompañan de una elevada morbi-mortalidad y los pacientes en que se sospechen estas lesiones ameritan una atención inmediata. Se hace referencia a las medidas a seguir en los pacientes con traumatismos cardiovasculares, criterios diagnósticos y diferentes formas de tratamiento quirúrgico.

Functional outcome of bone marrow stem cells: mononuclear versus mesenchymal stem cells after cellular therapy in myocardial scar in Wistar rats.

Experimental studies have suggested that a bone marrow stem cell transplant into the heart produces a favorable impact on tissue perfusion, yielding a new perspective on myocardial regeneration. Studies in human beings have demonstrated an improved clinical and functional cardiac state, which has been explained mainly by the angiogenic potential of the stem cells. Our objective was to compare the functional outcome of mononuclear stem (MoSC) and mesenchymal stem (MeSC) cell therapy after myocardium infarction in rats. Forty-two rats with myocardial infarctions underwent autologous transplantation of MoSC and MeSC in animals with ejection fractions lower than 40%. The functional analysis was performed using echocardiography at baseline and at 1 month after direct injection into the ventricular wall using: 5 x 10(6) MoSC (n = 08) or 2.5 x 10(6) MeSC (n = 13) or medium controls (n = 21). Statistical significance was accepted when P < .05. Intragroup comparisons of baseline versus 1-month follow-up were performed with paired t tests. Kruskal-Wallis was used as appropriate. There was a difference in baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular-end dyastolic volume between all groups. After 1 month, LVEF decreased in the control group but remained unchanged in MoSC and MeSC groups. In all groups we observed myocardial remodeling. In conclusion, we have not demonstrated functional effectiveness with either MoSC or MeSC cell type, but potentially improved myocardial perfusion needs to be analyzed.

Intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) as a clinical manifestation of myocardial contusion after blunt chest trauma.

Injury to the heart in blunt chest trauma is dependent on a number of factors. Symptoms are often non-specific, and there is no gold standard test for diagnosis. Injuries to small areas of the myocardium may only be identified at autopsy. We report a 38 year old man who sustained a number of injuries in a road traffic accident, and in whom the single clinical or ECG abnormality was a left bundle branch block (LBBB); he had a myocardial injury rated as grade II. The patient was treated for his injuries and later discharged. As this is a difficult diagnosis, algorithms of blunt chest trauma may save time and money by avoiding misleading diagnosis and unnecessary monitoring and admissions.

El peptido natriurético tipo B como marcador pronóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo / B-type natriuretic peptide is a pronostic marker of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome

El péptido natriurético tipo B, es sintetizado por el miocardio y relacionado con daño ventricular. Posterior a un síndrome coronario agudo puede ser útil para el pronóstico del desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca, porque se eleva proporcionalmente al grado de disfunción del ventrículo izquierdo. Considerar al péptido natriurético tipo B como marcador pronóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y analizar la relación entre péptido natriurético tipo B y las diferentes variables asociadas a la instalación de insuficiencia cardíaca. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes de ambos sexos, cuya edad fue 35 a 74 años, sin cardiopatía dilatada y hospitalizados por síndrome coronario agudo. Se midió la concentración del péptido natriurético tipo B en sangre por prueba de inmunoquimioensayo proBNP (Roche), y se le realizó ecocardiograma al ingreso y 6 meses después del evento agudo. Se aplicaron las pruebas Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y "t" de Student. La media de edad fue 51,3 años, con 60 por ciento de hombres. Las siguientes variables fueron estadísticamente significativas cuando se correlacionaron con PNB elevado: ck/ckmb (P=0,016, troponina (P=0,012), alteraciones electrocardiogr ficas compatibles con isquemia aguda (P=0,02),  reas de disquinesia en el ecocardiograma (P=0,039), disminución mayor del 10 por ciento de la fracción de eyección a los 6 meses del evento agudo (P=0,039). Cuando se aplicó la clasificación del PNB en los rangos de la clasificación de NYHA, fueron estadísticamente significativas las siguientes: fracción de eyección (P=0,037), áreas de disquinesia en el ecocardiograma (P=0.01), disnea cardíaca (P=0,000) y rehospitalización por causa cardíaca (P=0,025). El péptido natriurético B complementa la información ofrecida por otras variables empleadas como predictor en el desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca después de un s¡ndrome coronario agudo.

Nonrandomized registries for de novo lesions (FIM) and in-stent restenosis

Takind advantage of the knowledge accumulated over decades of unsuccessful attempts to prevent restenosis, novel devices for local drug-eluting stents, have been developed in the recent years. Sirolimus eluting Bx Velocity stents is certainly one of these novel technologies that may finnally represent the "magic bullet" we have been searching for in our war against the restenosis. The first clinical evaluation of this new technology was initiated in December 1999. This endeavor was conducted at Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology in São Paulo, Braziland at Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The unparalleled 1-year out-come of this first series of patients treated with sirulimus-eluting stents (SES) paved the way to launch a more challenging pilot study involving only patients with in-stent restenosis, which was started in 2000...