ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between early hypocarbia and 18- to 22-month outcome among neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network randomized, controlled trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were used for this secondary observational study. Infants (n = 204) had multiple blood gases recorded from birth to 12 hours of study intervention (hypothermia versus intensive care alone). The relationship between hypocarbia and outcome (death/disability at 18 to 22 months) was evaluated by unadjusted and adjusted analyses examining minimum PCO(2) and cumulative exposure to PCO(2) <35 mm Hg. The relationship between cumulative PCO(2) <35 mm Hg (calculated as the difference between 35 mm Hg and the sampled PCO(2) multiplied by the duration of time spent <35 mm Hg) and outcome was evaluated by level of exposure (none-high) using a multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for pH, level of encephalopathy, treatment group (± hypothermia), and time to spontaneous respiration and ventilator days; results were expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Alternative models of CO(2) concentration were explored to account for fluctuations in CO(2). RESULTS: Both minimum PCO(2) and cumulative PCO(2) <35 mm Hg were associated with poor outcome (P < .05). Moreover, death/disability increased with greater cumulative exposure to PCO(2) <35 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Hypocarbia is associated with poor outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/blood , Hypocapnia/etiology , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications , Female , Humans , Hypocapnia/mortality , Hypocapnia/therapy , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/mortality , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Infant, Newborn , Male , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Choreoathetosis developed in three patients after cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia. None had significant hypotension or hypoxemia; all had hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis during the rewarming period. We postulate that hypocapnia-induced cerebral vasoconstriction may have contributed to ischemic damage in focal central nervous system areas.
Subject(s)
Athetosis/etiology , Chorea/etiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Brain/blood supply , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects , Child, Preschool , Humans , Hypocapnia/etiology , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Infant , Male , VasoconstrictionABSTRACT
Se evaluaron en forma retrospectiva 114 pacientes egresados del Hospital "Dr. F.J. Muñiz" con diagnóstico de infecciones agudas del sistema nervioso central. Se utilizó como criterio de inclusión, ausencia de patología pleuropulmonar concomitante, que se interpreta como posible factor desencadenante de un cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a asistencia respiratoria mecánica, por distintos criterios y con diferentes parámetros gasométricos previos. La tasa de letalidad global fue del 44,75 por ciento, hallándose en los pacientes ventilados, gasométricamente normales, previa asistencia respiratoria, el menor índice de letalidad, 13,63 por ciento en contraste con aquellos que fueron sometidos a ventilación mecánica con criterios de insuficiencia respiratoria, cuya mortalidad alcanzó el 61,76 por ciento. A pesar de tratarse de un estudio retrospectivo, se desea hacer hincapié en la necesidad de considerar los mecanismos compensatorios ante la hipertensión endocraneana, la hiperventilación, como una inestabilidad ventilatoria en sí, extremando las precauciones para indicar una asistencia ventilatoria precoz, para asegurar una ventilación alveolar efectiva (AU)