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1.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 30(1): 3-8, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-837227

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Este trabalho teve por objetivos identificar as características comuns aos geradores e classificá-los no menor número possível de grupos para facilitar a identificação radiológica, e, também, identificar características que permitam diferenciar geradores DF1 de DF4. Método: A amostragem foi composta por 62 imagens de geradores de dispositivos implantáveis bem como de cabos-eletrodos comercialmente disponíveis no Brasil de 2008 até o presente momento das empresas Biotronik, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical e Boston Scientific. As imagens consideradas com qualidade adequada de cada modelo de dispositivo implantável foram selecionadas em busca de características comuns a cada fabricante. Resultados: A revisão criteriosa das características de cada fabricante e modelo possibilitou divisar claramente oito categorias, com características únicas de cada fabricante para estimuladores (grupo 1) e cardiodesfibriladores (grupo 2). Um algoritmo de identificação foi desenvolvido, a partir das características mais facilmente identificáveis de cada grupo. Conclusão: A identificação radiológica dos dispositivos implantáveis é possível e confiável. Os cabos-eletrodos de mesma função (choque ou estimulação) não puderam ser diferenciados em relação ao fabricante, mas algumas características das conexões de cabos-eletrodos de choque podem diferenciar a conexão DF1 de DF4, bem como mono coil de duplo coil


Background: This study is aimed at identifying common characteristics of generators and classify them into the lowest possible number of groups to facilitate X-ray identification as well as to identify characteristics to differentiate DF1 and DF4 generators. Method: The sample included 62 images of implantable device generators and leads available in the Brazilian market from 2008 to the present moment manufactured by Biotronik, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical and Boston Scientific. Good quality images from each implantable device model were chosen to help identify common characteristics of each manufacturer. Results: A careful review of manufacturer's characteristics and model enabled a clear division into eight categories with each manufacturer's unique characteristics for pacers (group 1) and cardiac defibrillators (group 2). An identification algorhythm was developed based on the most easily identifiable characteristics of each group. Conclusion: X-ray identification of implantable devices is possible and reliable. Leads with the same function (shock or pacing) were not differentiated by manufacturer, but some shock lead connection characteristics may differentiate DF1 from DF4 connections, as well monocoil from double coil


Subject(s)
Humans , X-Rays , Radiography/methods , Defibrillators, Implantable/trends , Pacemaker, Artificial , Electrodes/standards , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices/trends , Industry/standards
2.
Hig. aliment ; 30(262/263): 32-38, 30/12/2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831763

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, a legislação para empresas produtoras/industrializadoras de alimentos estabelece a exigência das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP), base das certificações mais respeitadas em todo o mundo. Neste trabalho, tratou-se de atualizar e implantar um cumprimento eficiente dos POP em uma indústria de processamento de polpa de frutas. Observaram-se várias divergências entre os POP elaborados inicialmente, os quais nunca foram atualizados ou sequer monitorados, com as atuais realidades da indústria. Realizaram-se treinamentos, reuniões com os colaboradores, gerência e supervisão de produção, além de auditoria interna para uma completa coleta de informações. A revisão e implementação dos POP foi originada de uma ação conjunta entre os funcionários, de forma a se buscar qualidade nos produtos e no processo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Good Manufacturing Practices , Food Safety , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Industry/standards , Cooking and Eating Utensils , Food Storage/standards , Foods Equipment , Checklist , Food Handling
3.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 14(2): 127-133, maio.-ago. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1827

ABSTRACT

Contexto: A Odontologia do Trabalho é responsável por estudar, interpretar e solucionar os diferentes problemas bucais dos trabalhadores, contribuindo para sua qualidade de vida e maior produtividade. Objetivos: Avaliar as condições bucais de trabalhadores em duas fábricas de baterias e o uso de serviços odontológicos em Bauru, São Paulo. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 134 indivíduos que responderam a um questionário sobre o uso de serviços. Os exames foram realizados utilizando-se o Índice CPOD para a cárie dentária, Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC) e Perda de Inserção Periodontal (PIP) para a doença periodontal, e o Índice de Desgaste Dentário (IDD) (Kappa>0,94). A análise foi descritiva, por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Com relação ao uso de serviços, 55,22% relataram consulta odontológica há menos de 1 ano, 76,87% buscaram atendimento particular/convênio e 33,58% como consulta de rotina. Apenas 12,60% dos trabalhadores apresentaram-se livres de cárie, sendo observado CPOD médio de 8,49. Houve presença de cálculo em 56,70%, bolsas rasas em 17,90% e bolsas profundas em 1,50% dos trabalhadores. A perda de inserção periodontal foi observada em 26,52%. Todos os trabalhadores apresentaram desgaste dentário, sendo esse mais prevalente em dentina. Conclusão: Os serviços odontológicos oferecidos pelas empresas pesquisadas propiciaram uma condição bucal satisfatória aos trabalhadores.


Context: The Occupational Dentistry is responsible for studying, interpreting and solving the various oral problems of workers, contributing to their quality of life and greater productivity. Objectives: To evaluate the oral conditions of workers in two battery factors and the use of dental services in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 134 individuals who responded to a questionnaire on the use of services. The tests were conducted using DMFT index for dental caries, Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Periodontal Attachment Loss (PAL) for periodontal disease, and the Dental Wear Index (DWI) (Kappa>0.94). A descriptive analysis was done by means of absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Regarding the use of services, 55.22% reported dental visit in less than 1 year, 76.87% sought private care and 33.58% used as a routine consultation. Only 12.60% of the workers were free of caries, with mean DMFT of 8.49. There was calculus in 56.70%, shallow pockets in 17.90% and deep pockets in 1.50% of the workers. The periodontal attachment loss was observed in 26.52%. All workers had tooth wear, which was more prevalent in dentin. Conclusion: The dental services offered by the surveyed companies provided a satisfactory oral health to the workers.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Occupational Dentistry , Occupational Health Services/standards , Industry/standards
4.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 14(2): 143-152, maio.-ago. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1830

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Apresenta-se um método de intervenção ergonômica, em que são investigadas as condições psicofisiológicas do trabalho de operários em postos de trabalho em indústria de aço inox. Objetivo: Avaliar as condições de trabalho e propor sugestões que viabilizem um ambiente de trabalho ergonômico. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo obtido a partir de levantamento de dados de 47 funcionários oriundos de uma metalúrgica de aço inox, em São Luís, Maranhão, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011, através de visita técnica. Resultados: Nos postos de trabalhos observados neste estudo, o tipo de tarefa exercida é de livre postura, ora estando em pé, ora estando sentado ou semissentado. O tipo de banco utilizado é questionável, pois não possui nenhum encosto. Os problemas observados foram: acidentário e arquitetural, devido à falta de planejamento de espaços e ambientação agradáveis ao trabalho; biológico, pela sujeira acumulada e não adequação às normas de higiene; físico-ambiental, pela falta de iluminação suficiente para execução principalmente de trabalhos que requerem precisão; interfacial, sendo observadas as bancadas de trabalho e principalmente os bancos sem qualquer tipo de apoios para execução das tarefas; químico-ambiental, pela falta de limpeza no local de trabalho, expondo diariamente o trabalhador a substâncias pesadas prejudiciais à saúde. Conclusão: A pesquisa demonstra a fragilidade das condições de trabalho em uma empresa de São Luís. É importante realizar mudanças com vistas à garantia de melhores condições de serviço, de acordo com a ergonomia.


Context: We present a method for ergonomic intervention, in which the psychophysiological work conditions of workers of the stainless steel industry are investigated. Objective: To assess the working conditions and propose suggestions that enable an ergonomic work environment. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study obtained from survey data of 47 employees from a stainless steel metallurgical in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, from January to December 2011, trough technical visit. Results: In the workstations observed in this study, the body posture is free posture, sometimes in standing position, sitting or semi-sitting. The type of bank used is questionable, as there is no backrest. The observed problems were: accidental and architectural, due to the lack of planning space and pleasant ambience to work; biological, due to accumulated dirt and non compliance to hygiene standards; physical and environmental, due to the lack of sufficient lighting especially in jobs that require precision; interfacial, with work benches and especially banks without any kind of support for the execution of tasks; chemical and environmental, due to the lack of a clean workplace, exposing the worker to heavy substances harmful to health on a daily baisis. Conclusion: The study shows the fragility of working conditions in a company of São Luís. It is important to make changes in order to guarantee better conditions of service, according to ergonomics.


Subject(s)
Working Conditions , Medical Examination , Ergonomics/standards , Data Collection , Industry/standards
5.
Hig. aliment ; 30(262/263): 49-53, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-483513

ABSTRACT

A percepção de que a água é essencial e o interesse pela melhor qualidade da água consumida, tem mostrado o potencial crescimento do consumo de água mineral pela população, por acreditar ser um comportamento saudável e devido à insegurança em relação à qualidade e quantidade da água ofertada pelos serviços públicos. O consumo de água contaminada pode transmitir doenças como gastroenterites, hepatite, provocando vômitos, diarreia, náuseas, podendo levar à morte. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de indústrias de águas minerais na Ilha de São Luís- MA. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado com dados secundários de 2014 coletados na Superintendência de Vigilância Sanitário do Estado do Maranhão. Como parâmetro para classificação das indústrias por grupo de risco, utilizou-se a resolução 173/2006, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Todas as indústrias pesquisadas foram classificadas em baixo risco, por atenderem a 100% dos itens referentes à higienização, e entre 76 e 100% dos demais itens. Diante dos dados pode-se concluir que a água mineral envasada e comercializada pelas indústrias pesquisadas na Ilha de São Luís- MA estão adequadas para o consumo humano.(AU)


The perception that water is essential and the interest in better quality of this have shown a raise in mineral water consumption by the population, believing that it is a healthy habit, and insecurity regarding the quality and quantity supplied by public services. Drinking contaminated water can transmit diseases such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, causing vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and may lead to death. The aim was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of mineral water industries in São Luis - MA. This is a descriptive study, which used secondary data on inspections made by the Superintendência de Vigilância Sanitária de Estado do Maranhão. As a parameter for classify industries by risk group, was used the resolution 173/2006, from the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. All industries were classified as low risk, for meeting 100% of items related to hygiene and 76-100% in other items. Looking data, we can conclude that mineral water processed and sale by the surveyed industries in São Luís- MA are suitable for human consumption.(AU)


Subject(s)
Mineral Waters/analysis , Mineral Waters/standards , Industry/standards , Food Hygiene/standards
6.
Noise Health ; 17(78): 300-7, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26356372

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Fishing, one of the oldest productive activities, is an important sector of the Brazilian economy as well as the world economy. To evaluate the vestibular behavior in population of fishermen. It was realized as a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Thirty fishermen [mean age 49.5 (± 8.5) years] whose age ranged from 33 years to 67 years were submitted to anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological evaluation, and vestibular examination through the electronystagmography (ENG). The most evident otoneurological symptoms were: Tinnitus (66.7%), dizziness (63.3%), and hearing loss (53.3%). The most evident clinical symptoms were: Fatigue (36.7%), anxiety (23.3%), and depression (16.7%). There were alterations in the vestibular examination of 13 (43.3%) fishermen in the caloric test. There was a prevalence of alteration in the peripheral vestibular system and there was a major frequency of the peripheral vestibular irritative syndrome (30.0%). CONCLUSION: The otoneurological complaints were frequent in the population studied that verifies the importance of allowing labyrinth examinations and the need for adopting preventive measures related to noise exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), since they can cause and/enhance various manifestations of labyrinthine vestibular impairment that can affect the quality of life of these workers.


Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Fishes , Hearing Loss , Industry , Noise/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure , Vestibular Diseases , Adult , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electronystagmography , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/etiology , Hearing Loss/psychology , Hearing Tests/methods , Humans , Industry/methods , Industry/standards , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Tinnitus/diagnosis , Tinnitus/epidemiology , Tinnitus/etiology , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibular Diseases/epidemiology , Vestibular Diseases/etiology , Vestibular Diseases/psychology , Vestibular Function Tests/methods
7.
Ann Occup Hyg ; 56(5): 515-24, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22752096

ABSTRACT

This article summarizes the outcome of the discussions at the international workshop on nano reference values (NRVs), which was organized by the Dutch trade unions and employers' organizations and hosted by the Social Economic Council in The Hague in September 2011. It reflects the discussions of 80 international participants representing small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), large companies, trade unions, governmental authorities, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from many European countries, USA, India, and Brazil. Issues that were discussed concerned the usefulness and acceptability of precaution-based NRVs as a substitute for health-based occupational exposure limits (OELs) and derived no-effect levels (DNELs) for manufactured nanoparticles (NPs). Topics concerned the metrics for measuring NPs, the combined exposure to manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) and process-generated NPs, the use of the precautionary principle, the lack of information about the presence of nanomaterials, and the appropriateness of soft regulation for exposure control. The workshop concluded that the NRV, as an 8-h time-weighted average, is a comprehensible and useful instrument for risk management of professional use of MNMs with a dispersible character. The question remains whether NRVs, as advised for risk management by the Dutch employers' organization and trade unions, should be under soft regulation or that a more binding regulation is preferable.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/standards , Industry/standards , Nanoparticles/standards , Occupational Exposure/standards , Risk Management/methods , Air Pollutants, Occupational/chemistry , Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Brazil , Europe , Guideline Adherence , Humans , India , International Cooperation , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/toxicity , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Particle Size , Reference Values , United States
8.
Work ; 41 Suppl 1: 5803-5, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22317693

ABSTRACT

This work studies biomechanical hazards to which the workforce of Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Industrial (Inmetro) is exposed. It suggests a model for ergonomic evaluation of work, based on the concepts of resilience engineering which take into consideration the institute's ability to manage risk and deal with its consequences. Methodology includes the stages of identification, inventory, analysis, and risk management. Diagnosis of the workplace uses as parameters the minimal criteria stated in Brazilian legislation. The approach has several prospectives and encompasses the points of view of public management, safety engineering, physical therapy and ergonomics-oriented design. The suggested solution integrates all aspects of the problem: biological, psychological, sociological and organizational. Results obtained from a pilot Project allow to build a significant sample of Inmetro's workforce, identifying problems and validating the methodology employed as a tool to be applied to the whole institution. Finally, this work intends to draw risk maps and support goals and methods based on resiliency engineering to assess environmental and ergonomic risk management.


Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Industry/standards , Risk Assessment/methods , Weights and Measures , Work Capacity Evaluation , Brazil , Facility Design and Construction , Humans , Organizational Case Studies , Organizational Culture , Systems Analysis , Workforce , Workplace
9.
Appl Ergon ; 43(3): 541-7, 2012 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21907970

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a method for implementing multifunctional work teams in a footwear company that followed the Taylor/Ford system for decades. The suggested framework first applies a Learning Curve (LC) modeling to assess whether rotation between tasks of different complexities affects workers' learning rate and performance. Next, the Macroergonomic Work Analysis (MA) method (Guimarães, 1999, 2009) introduces multifunctional principles in work teams towards workers' training and resources improvement. When applied to a pilot line consisting of 100 workers, the intervention-reduced work related accidents in 80%, absenteeism in 45.65%, and eliminated work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), medical consultations, and turnover. Further, the output rate of the multifunctional team increased average 3% compared to the production rate of the regular lines following the Taylor/Ford system (with the same shoe model being manufactured), while the rework and spoilage rates were reduced 85% and 69%, respectively.


Subject(s)
Industry/organization & administration , Learning Curve , Shoes , Task Performance and Analysis , Brazil , Efficiency, Organizational , Humans , Industry/standards , Shoes/standards
10.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 107(5): 448-458.e3, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22018618

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has become established in Europe, and its efficacy is being evaluated in the United States. The doses used for SLIT in Europe today are difficult to evaluate, because each manufacturer expresses the potency of its extracts differently. OBJECTIVES: To compare in vitro European SLIT maintenance solutions against US licensed standardized allergenic extract concentrates and to determine the monthly SLIT doses delivered expressed in bioequivalent allergy units ([B]AU). METHODS: We studied Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy grass pollen, cat (hair) and short ragweed pollen allergen extracts. The SLIT maintenance solutions of 4 leading European manufacturers and standardized concentrate extracts of 3 US manufacturers were analyzed with the following assays: protein content, relative potency (immunoglobulin E [IgE]-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] inhibition) and major allergen content. The relative monthly allergen dose in (B)AU was calculated for each recommended SLIT schedule. RESULTS: Relative potency was approximately 10 times higher for US concentrate standardized extracts-which are meant to be diluted-than for European SLIT maintenance solutions of D pteronyssinus and timothy grass pollen. For cat (hair) and short ragweed pollen, the difference was less. Measurements of relative potency and major allergen content correlated well. In our assays, European mite extracts contain a very low quantity of Der p 2 compared with US mites. CONCLUSION: Recommended SLIT doses in Europe vary widely among the manufacturers, but are consistently lower (Eur1) or higher (Eur4) over all four allergens tested. SLIT efficacy probably depends on additional factors apart from the exact dose. SLIT dose finding studies should be done for each product.


Subject(s)
Allergens/pharmacokinetics , Desensitization, Immunologic , Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Administration, Sublingual , Allergens/administration & dosage , Animals , Desensitization, Immunologic/standards , Drug Dosage Calculations , Europe , Humans , Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Industry/standards , Therapeutic Equivalency , United States
11.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 27(3): 367-378, jul.-set. 2006. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464854

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição da certificação florestal na visão gerencial e estratégica das empresas moveleiras nacionais certificadas. Para realizar o estudo aplicou-se um questionário nas empresas certificadas da indústria moveleira. Verificou-se que a certificação representa um fator de importância no processo de exportação destas empresas. Ela proporciona, também, uma melhoria de sua imagem perante o mercado consumidor e está inserida em seu planejamento estratégico. Conclui-se que a certificação florestal está crescendo na indústria moveleira nacional e representando um fator de competitividade para exportação. A melhoria de imagem proporcionada representa a maior vantagem obtida por estas empresas. Pode-se concluir, também, que a principal razão de se buscar a certificação florestal, na indústria moveleira, é a demanda do mercado, que atualmente tem sido principalmente do mercado externo.


Subject(s)
Ecolabel/prevention & control , Exportation of Products , Lumber Industry , Industry/standards
12.
Rev. adm. pública ; 34(5): 61-73, set.-out. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-283968

ABSTRACT

Volta-se para a questão do papel mais ativo da sociedade na regulação. Explora a evolução das fontes públicas e privadas na regulação industrial. Faz uma revisão da posição de alguns autores diante da questão da regulação pública ou pelo mercado. Focaliza um caso específico de regulação pública no contexto brasileiro.


Subject(s)
Industry/standards , Labor Relations , Social Responsibility , Brazil , Environment , Labor Unions , Social Control, Informal , Working Conditions
14.
São paulo; FINEP; 1999. 115 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-935298
15.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 49(3): 189-96, 1998 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9451772

ABSTRACT

The immense volume of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) wastes produced annually by extracting industries throughout the world deserves to come to the attention of international and national environmental protection agencies and regulatory bodies. Although a great deal of work has been done in the fields of radiation protection and remedial actions concerning uranium and other mines, the need to dispose of diffuse NORM wastes will have environmental and regulatory implications that thus far are not fully appreciated. NORM wastes constitute, by and large, unwanted byproducts of industrial activities as diverse as thorium and uranium milling, niobium, tin and gold mining extraction, water treatment, and the production of oil, gas, phosphate fertilizer, coal fire and aluminum. The volumes of NORM wastes produced annually could reach levels so high that the existing low level radioactive waste (LLRW) facilities would be readily occupied by NORM if controlled disposal procedures were not adopted. On the other hand, NORM cannot just be ignored as being below radiological concern (BRC) or lower than exempt concentration levels (ECLs), because sometimes NORM concentrations reach levels as high as 1 x 10(3) kBq/kg for 226Ra, and not much less for 228Ra. Unfortunately, thus far there is not enough information available concerning NORM wastes in key industries, though the international scientific community has been concerned, for a long time now, with technologically enhanced natural radiation exposures (TENRE). This article is written with the intention of examining, to the extent possible, the potential environmental and regulatory implications of NORM wastes being produced in selected industries.


Subject(s)
Background Radiation/adverse effects , Radioactive Waste/legislation & jurisprudence , Waste Management/standards , Environmental Pollutants , Humans , Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Industry/standards , International Cooperation , Mining , Public Health , Radioactive Waste/prevention & control , Waste Management/legislation & jurisprudence
16.
J. pneumol ; 21(1): 43-7, jan.-fev. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-175811

ABSTRACT

Relata-se a experiência na implantaçäo de um programa de saúde ocupacional, destacando-se a sistemática e a metodologia desenvolvidas no programa de proteçäo respiratória, em três fundiçöes de empresa multinacional automobilística. Através de um grupo de trabalho composto por médicos do trabalho, engenheiros de segurança e um higienista industrial, foram levantadas as condiçöes e ambientes de trabalho, estabelecendo-se um processo de vigilância médica, o qual permitiu açöes preventivas e corretivas, tanto no que se refere a local de trabalho como no tocante à saúde do trabalhador. Relatam-se os resultados das avaliaçöes médicas e ambientais, além de fato relevante a respeito do uso de máscaras descartáveis, utilizadas como proteçäo respiratória. As conclusöes do programa confirmaram a necessidade de se estabelecer controles sobre o trabalhador e seu ambiente de trabalho em fundiçöes e a validade da realizaçäo de censos espirométricos ao longo do tempo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Automobiles/standards , Respiratory Protective Devices , Industry/standards , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Occupational Health Program/standards , Occupational Health , Silicosis/diagnosis , United Nations , Working Conditions , Case-Control Studies , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Iron/adverse effects , Morbidity Surveys , Occupational Medicine , Permissible Limit of Occupational Hazards , Spirometry
17.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1995. 201 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-162263

ABSTRACT

Analisa os acidentes de trabalho com máquinas, ocorridos em 1991, em regiäo de abrangência do sistema de vigilância do Programa de Saúde dos Trabalhadores da Zona Norte - ERSA-6, na cidade de Säo Paulo. Utiliza "Odds ratio" de prevalência, como medida de associaçäo, para determinar as máquinas de maior participaçäo no conjunto de acidentes, estabelecendo uma seleçäo de máquinas, sobre as quais säo apresentados estudos de prevençäo de acidentes, correspondentes aos riscos mecânicos, no ponto de operaçäo. Aponta que a prevençäo destes acidentes passa pela transformaçäo da concepçäo das máquinas, demonstrando soluçöes possíveis e viáveis, de modo a prevenir riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores. A consolidaçäo da atividade de vigilância em saúde, bem como uma legislaçäo de maior consistência e atual também säo discutidos como recursos na prevençäo de acidentes com máquinas


Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Equipment Safety , Occupational Risks , Accidents, Occupational/legislation & jurisprudence , Industry/standards , Protective Devices , Occupational Health
18.
Am J Ind Med ; 25(3): 311-24, 1994 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8160652

ABSTRACT

Present working conditions in one of the most active areas of the maquiladora system along the Mexico-U.S. border are reminiscent of nineteenth-century U.S. sweatshops. This conclusion was reached after evaluating two separate but interrelated surveys among Mexican nationals living near the Mexico-U.S. border, one of community leaders (Paper I), and one of workers in maquiladora enterprises in the towns of Matamoros and Reynosa, Mexico (Paper II). Paper I evaluates the results of the community leaders' survey. Criteria for selection of the leaders were: level of responsibility in the community; knowledge of the industry in the region, and length of residence in the area (more than 3 years). Representatives from government, maquiladora industry management, labor union leadership, labor union activists, and community improvement activists were interviewed. Structured questionnaires with opportunities for open-ended answers were used by trained Spanish speaking interviewers. The questions covered community demographics, health care structures, governance of the region, knowledge of working conditions, and knowledge of environmental impact on the region and the community. Community leaders were ambivalent on the purported benefits of the development of these types of industries in their communities. A substantial majority (21 of 25) thought that the maquiladoras brought few positive developments, other than creating jobs. Serious concerns about overextending weak social infrastructures and about environmental deterioration were voiced. Immediate (preventive) measures appear necessary to develop community infrastructures and to protect environmental health.


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Industry , Occupational Health , Social Change , Community Health Services , Environmental Health , Environmental Pollutants/standards , Female , Gender Identity , Humans , Industry/standards , Male , Mexico , Public Health , Refuse Disposal , United States , Women, Working
19.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1994. 200 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-150071

ABSTRACT

Verifica a utilizaçäo de mercúrio metálico nos ramos industriais de cloro-soda, lâmpadas elétricas, pilhas e aparelhos de precisäo, no Estado de Säo Paulo. Efetua uma discussäo na revisäo da literatura sobre as propriedades físico-químicas, ocorrência, utilizaçäo, consumo, toxidade, indicadores e limites biológicos e ambientais do mercúrio. A metodologia utilizada foi da pesquisa-açäo na qual a investigaçäo se deu concomitantemente com as intervençöes nos locais de trabalho. Foram estudados os processos de trabalho e as funçöes desenvolvidas pelos trabalhadores em 22 indústrias que usavam mercúrio. As principais solicitaçöes às empresas com relaçäo ao mercúrio, foram a substituiçäo do produto, eliminaçäo do uso ou isolamento do processo de utilizaçäo, dos demais processos, conjugando com a implantaçäo de medidas de proteçäo coletivas eficientes. Dentre as 22 indústrias que utilizavam mercúrio no processo industrial, 12 (54,5 por cento) deixaram de usar este metal e somente 10 (45,5 por cento) permaneceram utilizando-o, sendo, entretanto, persuadidas a realizar as modificaçöes sugeridas. Foi observado através desta pesquisa que, o número de expostos ao mercúrio, que, no princípio era de 1.551, foi reduzido para 893 trabalhadores. Quanto aos níveis de mercúrio urinário dos trabalhadores expostos, foram encontrados, inicialmente 267 (17,2 por cento) dosagens, cujos valores ultrapassavam os limites de tolerância biológicos previstos em lei, e 142 (9,3 por cento) dentro dos limites considerados normais, distribuídos em todos os ramos de atividade industrial. Ao final do estudo, a avaliaçäo das últimas análises efetuadas, mostrou que estes limites foram excedidos em 21 (1,5 por cento) trabalhadores, todos do ramo de aparelhos de precisäo e em 816 (60,5 por cento) trabalhadores estes limites encontravam-se na faixa de normalidade. Foi elaborada uma proposta de contrato coletivo de trabalho, para o qual, é indispensável a participaçäo efetiva dos principais atores sociais


Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Mercury Poisoning/epidemiology , Brazil , Industry/standards , Occupational Risks , Risk Assessment/analysis
20.
Qual Manag Health Care ; 1(2): 59-67, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10130710

ABSTRACT

Increasingly, businesses are reporting successful implementation of self-directed work teams. In health care, team-based structures in both clinical and nonclinical areas are now rapidly emerging. This paper describes the linkage between the literature of sociotechnical systems theory and current applications of self-directed work teams, and outlines the organizational processes used to design and implement them. Several examples of self-directed work teams in industry and health care systems are provided. As much of the existing literature on self-directed work teams is from industry, there is a need for case reports and further research on their current applications in health care systems.


Subject(s)
Decision Making, Organizational , Institutional Management Teams/organization & administration , Professional Autonomy , Total Quality Management/organization & administration , Health Facilities/standards , Industry/standards , Management Quality Circles/organization & administration , Social Behavior , Systems Theory , United States
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