ABSTRACT
This case report describes the exercise program on a hospitalized 54-year-old male patient with cardiogenic shock waiting for a heart transplant assisted by an intra-aortic balloon pump, a temporary mechanical circulatory support device. The temporary mechanical circulatory support device, an intra-aortic balloon pump, was placed in the left subclavian artery, enabling the exercise protocol. Measurements and values from Swan-Ganz catheter, blood sample, brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were obtained before and after an exercise protocol. The exercise training protocol involved the use of an unloaded bed cycle ergometer once a day, for a maximum of 30 minutes, to the tolerance limit. No adverse events or events related to the dislocation of the intra-aortic balloon pump were observed during the exercise protocol. The exercise program resulted in higher SvO2 levels, with an increased 6MWT with lower Borg dyspnea scores (312 meters vs. 488 meters and five points vs. three points, respectively). After completing the ten-day exercise protocol, the patient underwent a non-complicated heart transplant surgery and a full recovery in the ICU. This study showed that exercise is a feasible option for patients with cardiogenic shock who are using an intra-aortic balloon pump and that it is well-tolerated with no reported adverse events.
O presente relato de caso descreve o programa de exercícios aplicado a um paciente do sexo masculino, de 54 anos, internado com choque cardiogênico, aguardando transplante cardíaco e assistido por balão intra-aórtico, um dispositivo de suporte circulatório mecânico temporário. O dispositivo de suporte circulatório mecânico temporário, um balão intra-aórtico, foi colocado na artéria subclávia esquerda, possibilitando o protocolo de exercícios. Antes e após um protocolo de exercícios, foram obtidos dados a partir de cateter de Swan-Ganz, amostra de sangue, peptídeo natriurético cerebral (NT-proBNP), proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as), teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) e medição da saturação venosa de oxigênio (SvO2). O protocolo de treinamento físico envolveu a utilização de um cicloergômetro adaptado ao leito, sem carga, uma vez ao dia, por no máximo 30 minutos, até o limite da tolerância. Não foram observados eventos adversos tampouco relacionados ao deslocamento do balão intra-aórtico durante o protocolo de exercícios. O programa de exercícios resultou em maior SvO2 com aumento do TC6min e menores escores de dispneia de Borg (312 metros vs. 488 metros e cinco pontos vs. três pontos, respectivamente). Após completar o protocolo de exercícios de dez dias, o paciente foi submetido a uma cirurgia de transplante cardíaco sem complicações e recuperação total na UTI. O presente estudo demonstrou que o exercício é uma opção viável para pacientes com choque cardiogênico em uso de balão intra-aórtico e que é bem tolerado, além de não haver relatos de eventos adversos.
Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Heart-Assist Devices , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Shock, Cardiogenic/therapy , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Walking , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The 2018 heart allocation change has resulted in greater frequency of high-risk bridging to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Although survival has been studied in these patients, functional status outcomes are less established. This study evaluated changes in functional status of OHT survivors based on bridging strategy. METHODS: Adults (≥18 y) undergoing OHT between January 2015 and March 2020 were stratified by bridging modality: no bridging, inotropes only, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), temporary ventricular assist device (VAD), durable VAD, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Using paired analysis, the Karnofsky performance scale (0-100) was utilized to compare differences in function at listing, transplant, and follow-up. RESULTS: In total, 13 142 patients underwent OHT. At the time of both listing and transplant, patients requiring IABP, temporary VAD, and ECMO displayed the lowest functional status (each median 20) compared with other groups (P < 0.001). Among survivors, the median performance status at follow-up was ≥80 for all groups, indicating total functional independence with no assistance required. Substantial improvement in Karnofsky score occurred from transplant to follow-up in survivors bridged with IABP (40), temporary VADs (60), and ECMO (50) (each P < 0.001). Among survivors with at least 90-day follow-up, the median Karnofsky score was 90 regardless of bridging modality. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher mortality risk, critically ill patients who survive OHT after bridging with high-risk modalities experience acceptable functional status outcomes. These findings are important to place in the context of the impact that the 2018 allocation change has had on the landscape of OHT in the United States.
Subject(s)
Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Functional Status , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Transplantation , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Prosthesis Implantation , Adult , Cardiotonic Agents/adverse effects , Critical Illness , Databases, Factual , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/mortality , Female , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Heart-Assist Devices , Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Recovery of Function , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is commonly used as mechanical support after cardiac surgery or cardiac shock. Although its benefits for cardiac function have been well documented, its effects on cerebral circulation are still controversial. We hypothesized that transfer function analysis (TFA) and continuous estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) provide consistent results in the assessment of cerebral autoregulation in patients with IABP. APPROACH: Continuous recordings of blood pressure (BP, intra-arterial line), end-tidal CO2, heart rate and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, transcranial Doppler) were obtained (i) 5 min with IABP ratio 1:3, (ii) 5 min, starting 1 min with the IABP-ON, and continuing for another 4 min without pump assistance (IABP-OFF). Autoregulation index (ARI) was estimated from the CBFV response to a step change in BP derived by TFA and as a function of time using an autoregressive moving-average model during removal of the device (ARI t ). Critical closing pressure and resistance area-product were also obtained. MAIN RESULTS: ARI with IABP-ON (4.3 ± 1.2) were not different from corresponding values at IABP-OFF (4.7 ± 1.4, p = 0.42). Removal of the balloon had no effect on ARI t , CBFV, BP, cerebral critical closing pressure or resistance area-product. SIGNIFICANCE: IABP does not disturb cerebral hemodynamics. TFA and continuous estimates of dynamic CA can be used to assess cerebral hemodynamics in patients with IABP. These findings have important implications for the design of studies of critically ill patients requiring the use of different invasive support devices.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation , Hemodynamics , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Blood Pressure , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: O choque cardiogênico é uma condição clínica de inadequada perfusão tecidual devido à disfunção cardíaca. A etiologia mais comum é o infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (IMCSST) levando à insuficiência ventricular esquerda, mas também pode ser causado por complicações mecânicas, como insuficiência mitral aguda, ruptura do septo interventricular ou da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo. Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos, a mortalidade continua elevada. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional, unicêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos internados com o diagnóstico de IMCSST e choque cardiogênico, tratados por intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP), em hospital terciário especializado em cardiologia. O objetivo primário foi avaliar os desfechos clínicos hospitalares. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 78 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (67,9%), com idade de 67,5 ± 13,4 anos e 41,0% diabéticos. ICP primária foi realizada em 46,2% dos pacientes, ICP de resgate em 25,6% e ICP eletiva em 28,2% dos casos. As artérias mais frequentemente acometidas foram a descendente anterior e a coronária direita, com 44,9% cada uma. O balão intra-aórtico foi utilizado em 32,1% e os inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa em 30,8% dos casos. A incidência de insuficiência renal aguda foi de 61,5%. A necessidade de reintervenção ocorreu em 9,0%, e a taxa de trombose aguda/subaguda foi de 3,8%. Óbito, no choque cardiogênico, ocorreu em 46,2%. CONCLUSÕES: O choque cardiogênico permanece uma entidade frequente e grave, com quase 50% de mortalidade hospitalar, apesar da evolução na terapêutica instituída atualmente.
BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock is a clinical condition of inadequate tissue perfusion due to cardiac dysfunction. The most common etiology is ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading to left ventricular failure, but it may also be caused by mechanical complications such as acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal rupture or rupture of the left ventricular free wall. Despite therapeutic advances, mortality rates remain high. METHODS: Retrospective, observational, single-center study, including consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI and cardiogenic shock treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary hospital specialized in cardiology. The primary objective was to evaluate in-hospital clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients were included, most of them were male (67.9%), mean age was 67.5 ± 13,4 years and 41.0% were diabetic. Primary PCI was performed in 46.2% of the patients, rescue PCI in 25.6% and elective PCI in 28.2% of the cases. The most frequently involved arteries were the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery, with 44.9% each. Intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 32.1% of cases and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in 30.8% of the cases. The incidence of acute renal failure was 61.5%. The need for reintervention was observed in 9.0% and the rate of acute/subacute thrombosis was 3.8%. Death due to cardiogenic shock was observed in 46.2%. Conclusions: Cardiogenic shock remains a frequent and serious condition with almost 50% of in-hospital mortality despite the therapeutic advances.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/mortality , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology , Shock, Cardiogenic/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Myocardial Reperfusion/methods , Clinical Evolution , Renal Insufficiency/prevention & control , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and reference lists of relevant articles were searched. We included only randomized controlled trials. Assessments for eligibility, relevance, and study validity and data extraction were performed in duplicate using prespecified criteria. Meta-analysis was carried out using fixed-effect and random-effect models. RESULTS: Seven publications fulfilled our eligibility criteria. There was no important statistical heterogeneity or publication bias among included studies. In total, 177 patients received prophylactic IABP and 168 did not. Overall relative risk (RR) for hospital mortality in patients treated with prophylactic IABP was 0.255 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.122-0.533; P<0.001; same results for both effect models]. Pooled RR for postoperative low cardiac output syndrome was 0.206 (95% CI, 0.109-0.389; P<0.001) for the fixed-effect model and 0.219 (95% CI, 0.095-0.504; P<0.001) for the random-effect model. Patients treated with prophylactic IABP presented an overall difference in means for length of intensive care unit stay and hospital stay, which was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001 for both effect models). Only 7.4% (13/177) of patients who received prophylactic IABP developed complications at an insertion site, with no IABP-related death. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis supports the use of prophylactic IABP in high-risk patients to reduce hospital mortality.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Cardiac Output, Low/etiology , Cardiac Output, Low/prevention & control , Coronary Artery Bypass/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/mortality , Length of Stay , Odds Ratio , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe complications associated to the use of intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), and their relationship with dwelling time, presence of risk factors/comorbidities, and nursing records. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, in which medical records were analyzed through the completion of specifically designed forms. RESULTS: In total, 104 patients were included, with mean age 65+/-11 years, 52% men; 26 (25%) of them presented vascular complications, more frequently ischemia (25%); peripheral vascular disease was the risk factor/comorbidity more frequently related to complications (56.3%; p=0.003). Nursing records showed that the use of catheter was recorded in 30 cases (29%), and the patient's clinical situation after its removal in 28 cases (27%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the frequency of complications related to IABP is high. Considering risk factor/comorbidity factors, peripheral vascular disease was significantly associated to complications. Nursing records were sub-optimal.
Subject(s)
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe complications associated to the use of intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), and their relationship with dwelling time, presence of risk factors/comorbidities, and nursing records. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, in which medical records were analyzed through the completion of specifically designed forms. RESULTS: In total, 104 patients were included, with mean age 65±11 years, 52 percent men; 26 (25 percent) of them presented vascular complications, more frequently ischemia (25 percent); peripheral vascular disease was the risk factor/comorbidity more frequently related to complications (56.3 percent; p=0.003). Nursing records showed that the use of catheter was recorded in 30 cases (29 percent), and the patient's clinical situation after its removal in 28 cases (27 percent). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the frequency of complications related to IABP is high. Considering risk factor/comorbidity factors, peripheral vascular disease was significantly associated to complications. Nursing records were sub-optimal.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivos describir las complicaciones provenientes de la utilización del balón intraaórtico (BIA), relacionándolas con el tiempo de permanencia, con la presencia de factores de riesgo/enfermedades concomitantes y con los registros de enfermería. Se utilizó como método la cohorte histórica, con análisis de fichas por medio del llenado de un instrumento construido específicamente para el estudio. Después de la evaluación de 104 pacientes, edad promedio 65±11, 52 por ciento sexo masculino, los resultados mostraron que 26 (25 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones vasculares, siendo la isquemia (25 por ciento) la más incidente; entre los factores de riesgo/enfermedades concomitantes, el que más se relacionó con complicaciones fue la enfermedad vascular periférica (56,3 por ciento, p=0,003). En lo que se refiere a las evaluaciones de enfermería, 30 (29 por ciento) presentaban registro del uso del catéter, y 28 (27 por ciento) relataban el estado clínico del paciente después de su retirada. Se concluye que este estudio demostró que el índice de complicaciones es todavía alto cuando relacionado al BIA. Entre los factores de riesgo/enfermedades concomitantes, la enfermedad vascular periférica fue significativamente relacionada con complicaciones. Los registros de los enfermeros no fueron exhautivos.
Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever as complicações decorrentes da utilização do balão intra-aórtico (BIA), relacionando-as com o tempo de permanência, com a presença de fatores de risco/comorbidades e com os registros de enfermagem. Utilizou-se como método a coorte histórica, com análise de prontuários por meio de preenchimento de instrumento específico para o estudo. Após avaliação de 104 pacientes, idade média 65±11, 52 por cento sexo masculino, os resultados mostraram que 26 (25 por cento) apresentaram complicações vasculares, sendo a isquemia (25 por cento) a mais incidente; entre os fatores de risco/comorbidades, o que mais se relacionou com complicações foi a doença vascular periférica (56,3 por cento, p=0,003). Quanto às evoluções de enfermagem, 30 (29 por cento) apresentavam registro do uso do cateter, e 28 (27 por cento) relatavam o estado clínico do paciente após a sua retirada. Conclui-se que este estudo demonstrou que o índice de complicações ainda é alto quando relacionado ao BIA. Dentre os fatores de risco/comorbidades, a doença vascular periférica foi significativamente relacionada com complicações. Os registros dos enfermeiros foram subótimos.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Hospitalization , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: La presencia de contraindicaciones o la imposibilidad de progresar el balón de contrapulsacióndesde su sitio habitual de implante femoral (retrógrado) plantean la necesidad de vías alternativas de implante. El acceso anterógrado por vía subclavia (o axilar) resulta una de ellas. Objetivos: Valorar las indicaciones, el porcentaje de utilización y las complicaciones asociadas con el acceso anterógrado por vía subclavia del balón de contrapulsación. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio pacientes sometidos a implante de balón de contrapulsación entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 1 de enero de 2006. Aquellos bajo acceso anterógrado representaron el objeto del estudio. Se consideraron contraindicaciones para el acceso femoral la presencia de un aneurisma de la aorta abdominal, el antecedente de bypass aortobifemoral,la presencia de una endoprótesis aórtica o la documentación angiográfica de lesionessuboclusivas bilaterales iliofemorales. La imposibilidad de progresar el catéter tras tres intentos por vía femoral motivó el planteo de un acceso alternativo. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados:Sobre 782 dispositivos implantados, 24 de ellos lo fueron por vía subclavia anterógrada (3,1 por ciento). Las indicaciones fueron aneurisma de la aorta abdominal en 13 pacientes (54,2 por ciento), bypass aortobifemoral previo en 5 casos (20,8 por ciento), endoprótesis aórtica en un paciente (4,2 por ciento) e imposibilidad de progresar por vía retrógrada en los 5 casos restantes (20,8 por ciento). Las características generales de los grupos bajo acceso anterógrado y retrógrado resultaroncomparables, con excepción de un incremento en el porcentaje de claudicación intermitente y cirugía vascular periférica en los primeros. Cincuenta y dos pacientes presentaron complicaciones(6,6 por ciento): una en el grupo anterógrado (isquemia del miembro, 4,1 por ciento) frente a 51complicaciones en el grupo bajo acceso retrógrado (6,7 por ciento).
Subject(s)
Aorta/surgery , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Lower ExtremityABSTRACT
Introducción: La presencia de contraindicaciones o la imposibilidad de progresar el balón de contrapulsacióndesde su sitio habitual de implante femoral (retrógrado) plantean la necesidad de vías alternativas de implante. El acceso anterógrado por vía subclavia (o axilar) resulta una de ellas. Objetivos: Valorar las indicaciones, el porcentaje de utilización y las complicaciones asociadas con el acceso anterógrado por vía subclavia del balón de contrapulsación. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio pacientes sometidos a implante de balón de contrapulsación entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 1 de enero de 2006. Aquellos bajo acceso anterógrado representaron el objeto del estudio. Se consideraron contraindicaciones para el acceso femoral la presencia de un aneurisma de la aorta abdominal, el antecedente de bypass aortobifemoral,la presencia de una endoprótesis aórtica o la documentación angiográfica de lesionessuboclusivas bilaterales iliofemorales. La imposibilidad de progresar el catéter tras tres intentos por vía femoral motivó el planteo de un acceso alternativo. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados:Sobre 782 dispositivos implantados, 24 de ellos lo fueron por vía subclavia anterógrada (3,1 por ciento). Las indicaciones fueron aneurisma de la aorta abdominal en 13 pacientes (54,2 por ciento), bypass aortobifemoral previo en 5 casos (20,8 por ciento), endoprótesis aórtica en un paciente (4,2 por ciento) e imposibilidad de progresar por vía retrógrada en los 5 casos restantes (20,8 por ciento). Las características generales de los grupos bajo acceso anterógrado y retrógrado resultaroncomparables, con excepción de un incremento en el porcentaje de claudicación intermitente y cirugía vascular periférica en los primeros. Cincuenta y dos pacientes presentaron complicaciones(6,6 por ciento): una en el grupo anterógrado (isquemia del miembro, 4,1 por ciento) frente a 51complicaciones en el grupo bajo acceso retrógrado (6,7 por ciento).(AU)
Subject(s)
Aorta/surgery , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Lower ExtremitySubject(s)
Humans , Assisted Circulation/classification , Assisted Circulation/methods , Heart-Assist Devices , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Whole Blood Coagulation Time , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/surgery , Heart Transplantation/methods , Centrifugal Pumps , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción. Desde 1967 Kantrowitz introdujo el balón intraaórtico de contrapulsación (BIACP) para su uso clínico. Objetivo. Evaluar la incidencia y tipo de complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a revascularización aortocoronaria, analizando la técnica quirúrgica a través del agujero obturador y reportar el primer caso en México de paraplejía secundaria al uso de BIACP. Material y métodos. Sesenta pacientes ameritaron el uso del BIACP, reportando 3 pacientes complicados: dos desarrollaron seudoaneurismas, isquemia crítica de la extremidad e infección, el otro presentó infección, síndrome compartamental e isquemia asociada a paraplejía irreversible. Las tres casos se manejaron con una derivación extranatómica a través de agujero obturador. Resultados. Dos pacientes salvaron su extremidad y el tercero ameritó una amputación supracondílea secundaria al proceso neurisquémico, representando el 5 por ciento. Conclusiones: La enfermedad coronaria se asocia en 67 por ciento a enfermedad vascular periférica, proponemos una evaluación estricta y rutinaria en todos los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que van a ser revascularizados. Las derivaciones vasculares extraanatómicas son una buena alternativa, individualizando cada paso
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Intraoperative Complications , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Stroke VolumeSubject(s)
Humans , Assisted Circulation/classification , Assisted Circulation/methods , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Heart-Assist Devices , Respiratory Insufficiency/surgery , Heart Transplantation/methods , Whole Blood Coagulation Time , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Centrifugal PumpsABSTRACT
Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation is frequently used in patients experiencing severe ventricular dysfunction following maximal drug therapy. However, even with the improvement of percutaneous insertion techniques, the procedure has always been followed by vascular; infectious, and neurological complications. This article describes a case of paraplegia due to intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.
Subject(s)
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Paraplegia/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
O balão intra-aórtico é utilizado com grande freqüência em pacientes que apresentam disfunção ventricular grave após máxima terapêutica medicamentosa. Entretanto, mesmo com o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de inserção percutânea, o procedimento nunca se apresentou isento de complicações vasculares, infecciosas e neurológicas. Apresentamos um caso de paraplegia decorrente de assistência com balão intra-aórtico no pós operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e revisão concisa da literatura.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Paraplegia/etiologyABSTRACT
Apresentamos uma revisäo sobre o baläo intra-aórtico abordando sua fisiologia, indicaçöes, contra-indicaçöes, complicaçöes e principais usos através da década de 90
Subject(s)
Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effectsABSTRACT
La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda grave, refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico, es resultado de múltiples condiciones patológicas y se asocia con una elevada mortalidad. Para estos casos, se han desarrollado diversos dispositivos para la asistencia mecánica circulatoria, entre los cuales el balón de contrapulsación aórtica (IABC) es el más utilizado para contribuir a la estabilidad hemodinámica, condición necesaria para llevar a cabo el tratamiento definitivo para cada caso en particular. Con objetivo de describir los antecedentes históricos, mecanismos de acción, indicaciones, contraindicaciones, técnicas de instalación, efectos hemodinámicos,complicaciones y resultados del uso de IABC, se revisó la literatura internacional especializada, para presentar el estado actual de un recurso más en el arsenal terapéutico para la atención del enfermo grave y en estado crítico
Subject(s)
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Heart Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Intra-aortic balloon (IAB) counterpulsation has been utilized as an effective "bridge" to transplantation in patients with end-stage heart failure. To determine if patients with heart failure with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) derive the same benefit from IAB support as those with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ISCM), we evaluated 27 patients with NICM and 16 patients with ISCM who required IAB support while awaiting transplantation. Hemodynamic changes, effects on organ function (renal and hepatic), frequency of complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Baseline demographics and hemodynamics were comparable in both groups (p = NS). Hemodynamics improved in both groups, immediately (15 to 30 min) following IAB insertion, with greater improvement (p < 0.05) in cardiac index and a trend toward greater reduction in filling pressures in the NICM group. Systemic vascular resistance fell to a similar degree in both groups. During continued IAB support (0.13 to 38 days in NICM, 1 to 54 days in ISCM), all hemodynamic changes persisted in both groups, with larger decrease (p < 0.05) in systemic vascular resistance and greater increase (p < 0.05) in cardiac index in the patients with NICM. The reduction in filling pressures, however, tended to be greater in patients with ISCM. Renal and hepatic function parameters improved to a similar extent in both groups. The frequency of complications and clinical outcome during IAB support were also similar in the two groups. These data confirm that IAB counterpulsation is a safe and effective "bridge" in patients with both NICM and ISCM with end-stage heart failure. The mechanism of sustained benefit in the two groups, however, may be different; afterload reduction appears to be more important in patients with NICM whereas reduction in filling pressures (increased coronary perfusion pressure) may be the main mechanism in patients with ISCM.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Transplantation , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Cardiomyopathies/complications , Cardiomyopathies/surgery , Female , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/therapy , Hemodynamics , Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Kidney/physiopathology , Liver/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Recentes avanços tecnológicos ampliaram o uso do balao intra-aórtico como medida de suporte na insuficiência cardíaca aguda. Apesar disto, têm sido descritas algumas complicaçoes relacionadas à sua inserçao, duraçao do uso e localizaçao. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar retrospectivamente a ocorrência de infecçoes em pacientes críticos que necessitaram do uso do balao intra-aórtico (BIA) após operaçao cardíaca. Entre janeiro de 1990 e julho de 1992, foram revisados os prontuários de 97 pacientes que necessitaram de BlA no pós-operatório de operaçao cardíaca, sendo que apenas 55 apresentavam informaçoes completas que permitiram sua inclusao na revisao. Foram obtidas informaçoes a respeito de ocorrência de infecçoes, resultados de culturas, tipo e tempo de duraçao das operaçoes ,tempo de circulaçao extracorpórea, duraçao da cateterizaçao intravascular e evoluçao clínica. Foram considerados os seguintes locais de infecçao: pulmao, urina, corrente sanguínea, ferida operatória e local de inserçao do BIA. A média de permanência do BIA foi de 3,9 ñ 2,01 dias e os tempos médios de operaçao e de circulaçao extracorpórea foram 8h e 2,5h, respectivamente. Observamos uma alta icidência de infecçoes nestes pacientes, principalmente pneumonia (63,6 por cento). A taxa de infecçao no local de inserçao do BIA foi de 7 por cento e maior que a taxa geral de infecçao da ferida operatória em nossa Instituiçao (3 por cento). Apesar desta alta incidência de infecçoes nao relacionar-se diretamente com ataxa de mortalidade, sugerimos rigorosa vigilância com relaçao à ocorrência de infecçoes e possíveis medidas profiláticas em relaçao a infecçoes pulmonares.