Treatment of Sagittal Craniosynostosis Using Osteoplastic Parietal Craniotomy Flap With Distraction Osteogenesis: A Variation on Technique.

ABSTRACT: Late presentation sagittal craniosynostosis presents a unique challenge due to the decreased ability of the skull to repair the bony defects created by standard of care techniques. Distraction osteogenesis is a viable strategy to correct this defect in late presenting cases. The authors describe a variation in technique in which the temporalis muscle origin is retained, creating an osteoplastic bone flap with retained vascularity through the tem-poralis muscle. This may improve postoperative bony healing of bony defects in this compromised population. The authors present two patients who presented to them late with sagittal synostosis who were treated with distraction osteogenesis in which vascular continuity to the parietal bones is preserved through the temporalis muscle.

Fonoaudiologia e cirurgia ortognática: revisão de literatura / Speech therapy and orthognathic surgery: a literature review

Introdução: As deformidades dentofaciais estão associadas às alterações de oclusões dentárias, que podem causar modificações no sistema miofuncional de acordo com o tipo de desproporção. Essas deformidades, podem provocar alterações e/ou adaptações no sistema estomatognático. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, com base na literatura arbitrada, a relação entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Cirurgia Ortognática. Método: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico sem período específico, nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e BVS. Resultados: Foram avaliados 15 artigos de forma crítica, quanto ao tipo de estudo, seus objetivos, número e gênero dos participantes, metodologia, resultados e conclusões. Os artigos foram agrupados com base nos seus objetivos em 1) Grupo Fonoaudiologia (GF); 2) Grupo Mudanças (GM); 3) Grupo Técnicas (GT) e 4) Grupo Outros (GO). Conclusão: Pouco se encontrou sobre a intervenção fonoaudiológica direta, sendo a maioria dos estudos direcionada às mudanças estéticas e funcionais do tecido duro e mole de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Houve também estudos que abordaram métodos e/ou exames específicos para verificar as mudanças nos tecidos moles e duros do perfil facial dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática e estudo que detalhou o perfil dos indivíduos que realizaram tratamento para deformidade dentofacial e síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia do Sono.

Introduction: Dentofacial deformities are associated with changes in dental occlusion, which may cause changes in the myofunctional system according to the type of disproportion. These deformities can cause changes and/or adaptations in the stomatognathic system. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between speech therapy and orthognathic surgery based on refereed publications. Method: A bibliographic survey was conducted without considering a specific publication period in the databases, PubMed, SciELO and BVS. Results: Fifteen articles were critically evaluated with respect to the type of study, objectives, number and sex of participants, methodology, results and conclusions. Based on their aims, the articles were grouped into 1) speech-therapy group (STG); 2) changes group (CG); 3) techniques group (GT) and 4) others group (OG). Conclusion: There is little information regarding direct speech therapy intervention, and the majority of the studies were directed to the aesthetic and functional changes in the hard and soft tissue in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Some studies addressed methods and/or specific examination procedures to verify the changes in the soft and hard tissues of the facial profile of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, and a study detailed the profile of individuals who underwent treatment for dentofacial deformity and apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Correction of facial asymmetry resulting from hemimandibular hyperplasia: surgical steps to the esthetic result.

Hemimandibular hyperplasia is a facial deformity in which there is an increase in the condyle, neck of the condyle or ramus, and an occlusal cant. Different surgical treatments are proposed in the literature, from simple low or high condylectomy to more complex procedures combining osteotomies in different sites of the mandible. Surgical procedure is defined by the scintigraphic diagnosis of activity or inactivity in the center of condylar growth. The case report describes a 35-year-old female patient with hemimandibular hyperplasia on the left side with inactivity of condylar growth, successfully treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy associated with a basilar osteotomy in form of "L" on the affected side. The surgical technique was easily executed, with an improvement in function, aesthetics, and patient satisfaction. Correction of facial asymmetry caused by excessive growth of the mandible using this basilar osteotomy in the form of "L" combined with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy proved to be a relatively simple technique of easy execution with a low risk of nerve damage.

One-stage treatment of hemimandibular hyperplasia.

Hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH) is a rare, self-limiting process manifesting between the first and third decades of life. HH causes facial asymmetry and derangement of the occlusion. Management involves resection of the condylar head and orthognathic surgery. This paper describes the case of a 38-year-old woman with spontaneous onset HH over a span of approximately 30 years. The condition was managed with resection of the condyle with simultaneous orthognathic surgery. The patient is currently satisfied with her appearance and function, and there are no signs of recurrence after 2 years.

Avaliação do percentual de assimetria labial e nasal em pacientes com fissura lábio-palatina submetidos a queiloplastia primária / Assessment of lip and nasal asymmetry after primary cleft lip repair

Objetivos: 1- Avaliar o percentual de assimetria do lábio e nariz de pacientes portadores de fissura lábio-palatina unilateral completa e incompleta submetidos à queiloplastia primária com a técnica de Mohler com as modificações de Cutting para a região nasal. 2- Comparar o percentual de assimetria labial pré-operatória com a pós-operatória. Método: No período de janeiro de 2007 a junho de 2009, trinta e quatro pacientes portadores de fissura lábio palatina unilateral foram submetidos à queiloplastia primária. Obteve-se as medidas de área e distância entre 2 pontos de elementos anatômicos identificados na fotografia em 2 dimensões através do programa Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended®. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para comparação estatística entre os valores da assimetria labial pré-operatória e assimetria labial pós-operatória. Resultados: O índice de assimetria labial médio pré-operatório foi de 43,16 % ± 3,93 %. O índice de assimetria labial médio pós-operatório foi de 4,04 % ± 1,02 %. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a assimetria labial pré e pós-operatória (P< 0,001). O índice médio de assimetria nasal no seguimento pós-operatório foi de 19,5 %, variou de 4 a 45 %. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a eficácia da técnica de queiloplastia primária para a correção das assimetrias labiais e nasais inerentes a deformidade do paciente fissurado.

Objectives: The aims of this study were the following: 1- To evaluate the lip asymmetry preoperatively and postoperatively as well as nasal postoperative asymmetry in patients who underwent cleft lip repair using Cutting extended Mohler technique. 2- To compare preoperative and postoperative lip asymmetry in cleft patients. Method: Thirty four patients were operated from January 2007 to June 2009. Seven patients were discarded for not having complete documentation data. Photogrammetric analysis was performed using Photoshop CS4 Extended® software, which allows measurements of philtral columns and nasal nostrils. Wilcoxon test was used for comparison between lip preoperative asymmetry and postoperative asymmetry. A value of p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The average preoperative lip asymmetry was 43.16 % ± 3.93 %. The average postoperative lip asymmetry was 4.04 % ± 1.02 %. Postoperatively, the average nasal asymmetry was 19.5 % (range, 4 to 45 %). Statistically significant difference between lip preoperative asymmetry and lip postoperative asymmetry was observed (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results observed here in have shown the efficacy of Cutting extended Mohler technique for cleft lip repair. The nose still needs to be addressed more aggressively, aiming higher rate of nasal symmetry.

Implantes cigomáticos: soluciones implantosoportadas sin injertos / Zygomatic implants: implant-supported solution without grafts

El uso de implantes cigomáticos provee una opción de tratamiento para pacientes con reabsorción maxilar severa, defectos maxilares grandes como en secuelas de trauma o en maxilectomías o situaciones con previa pérdida de implantes. El tratamiento con implantes cigomáticos es predecible, con alto porcentaje de éxito y poco índice de complicaciones, siempre y cuando sea realizado por cirujanos maxilofaciales con preparación adecuada en el procedimiento. El propósito de éste artículo es ilustrar al lector sobre una opción más de tratamiento en pacientes edéntulos maxilares, además de mencionar las indicaciones y contraindicaciones de los implantes cigomáticos y de la descripción de la técnica de la cirugía.

The use of zygomatic implants provides an alterative treatment option for patients with severe maxillary resorption, large maxillary defects sequale of trauma or maxillectomies or prior to implant placement. Treatment with this technique is predictable, has a high success rate and very few complications when carried out by maxillofacial surgeons with adequate training. The purpose of this article is to present a description of the zygomatic implant technique as an alternative for the treatment of edentulous maxillaries as well its indications and contraindications.

Tratamento de micrognatia mandibular severa com rotação do complexo maxillomandibular / Management of several mandibular micrognathia by means of rotation of maxillomandibular complex

A micrognatia mandibular severa é, frequentemente, acompanhada por uma deficiência vertical dos ramos mandibulares e plano oclusal aberto. O tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, considerando a correção da inclinação do plano oclusal, resultará em grandes benefícios estéticos e funcionais, que o tratamento convencional não traria a este grupo de pacientes. No caso clínico apresentado foi realizada a rotação do complexo maxilomandibular no sentido anti-horário, para otimização do resultado. Também serão abordadas considerações em relação ao preparo ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico

Evaluation of optical density of the midpalatal suture 3 months after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated new bone formation at the midpalatal suture after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) by optical density analysis. METHODS: The study population consisted of 18 patients, 10 males and 8 females. All patients presented maxillary atresia with posterior crossbite and were submitted to SARME. Maxillary occlusal radiographs were taken at three stages (before SARME, immediately after SARME and after 3 months). Three patients did not attend the session at the 3-month period for achievement of the occlusal radiography and thus were excluded, leading to a final sample of 15 patients. Two regions were selected and analysed at each stage. Region A measured 8 x 1 mm(2) and was located 1.2 cm from the tangent to the maxillary central incisors at the region of the midpalatal suture. Region B measured 5 x 9 mm(2) and was located 4.3 cm from the tangent to the maxillary central incisors at the region of the midpalatal suture. An aluminium scale (step wedge) with eight steps varying from 1 mm to 8 mm was adapted at the end of the films. Radiographs were taken on a Spectro 70X machine (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil) set at 70 kVp and 10 mA with an exposure time of 1.0 s. Radiographs were scanned using a Power Look 1000 scanner (Umax, Taiwan, China) and a computer Dimension E510 (Dell Computer, Taiwan, China). Optical density analysis was performed after digitization of radiographs using the software Image Tool (UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of region A revealed statistically significant differences between Stages I and II (P=0.0001), Stages II and III (P=0.0001) and Stages I and III (P=0.0003). In region B, statistically significant differences were observed between Stages I and II, I and III and II and III (P=0.0018, P=0.0003 and P=0.0003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Optical density analysis improves post-treatment control of SARME procedures by surgeons and orthodontists. After 3 months, new bone formation at the midpalatal suture is not complete.

Cirugía ortognática: diagnóstico, protocolo, tratamiento y complicaciones: análisis de experiencia clínica / Orthognatic surgery: diagnosis, protocol, treatment and complications: analysis of clinical experience

Los autores muestran su experiencia en el manejo de las malformaciones máxilo mandibulares por métodos ortodoncicoquirúrgicos. Presentan una casuística de 38 pacientes atendidos en el área privada agrupados por edad, sexo y categoría de diagnóstico. Se propone un esquema de estudio y tratamiento protocolizado el cual se expone en forma resumida. Se discuten los aspectos quirúrgicos con las diferentes modalidades de cirugía. Se comunican los casos considerados como complicaciones y se discuten las medidas de resolución para dichos pacientes. A manera de conclusión se entregan algunas recomendaciones para una práctica segura de la cirugía ortognática.

Hipoplasia maxilar: experiencia clínica en criterios terapéuticos determinados por la maduración esqueletal / Maxillary hypoplasia: clinical experience in therapeutic criteria determined by the esqueletal maturation

El objetivo de esta experiencia clínica es presentar las estrategias de tratamiento de la hipoplasia maxilar determinadas por el grado de maduración esqueletal del paciente. Se presentan dos pacientes con hipoplasia maxilar e hiperplasia mandibular tratados en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). El primer caso es un paciente pediátrico en el cual se realizó tratamiento ortopédico y el segundo caso es un paciente con crecimiento óseo terminado, cuya resolución es a través de cirugía ortognática. El diagnóstico, seguimiento y medición de resultados se hizo evaluando parámetros clínicos y análisis cefalométricos teleradiográficos. Resultados: en ambos casos se logró una relación de tejidos blandos y esqueletales máxilomandibulares de acuerdo a la norma clínica y cefalométrica. La hipoplasia maxilar con un adecuado tratamiento logra una mejora estética satisfactoria. El diagnóstico en edades tempranas de la patología da ventajas en el tratamiento haciéndolo más fácil, corto, económico y no invasivo.

Técnica para cirugía de modelos mediante un nuevo accesorio: first part / A technique of surgical models by means of a new accessory device: first part

Presentamos en este trabajo un accesorio que hemos desarrollado y que de acuerdo a nuestra experiencia facilita la realización de la cirugía sobre modelos cuando se lo compara con métodos tradicionales