ABSTRACT
Purpose Speech and language disorders are hallmark features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS). Learning disabilities, cognitive deficits, palate abnormalities, velopharyngeal dysfunction, behavioral differences, and various medical and psychiatric conditions are also major features of this syndrome. The goal of this document is to summarize the state of the art of current clinical and scientific knowledge regarding 22qDS for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and provide recommendations for clinical management. Method Best practices for management of individuals with 22qDS were developed by consensus of an expert international group of SLPs and researchers with expertise in 22qDS. These care recommendations are based on the authors' research, clinical experience, and literature review. Results This document describes the features of 22qDS as well as evaluation procedures, treatment protocols, and associated management recommendations for SLPs for the often complex communication disorders present in this population. Conclusion Early diagnosis and appropriate management of speech-language disorders in 22qDS is essential to optimize outcomes and to minimize the long-term effects of communication impairments. Knowledge of this diagnosis also allows anticipatory care and guidance regarding associated features for families, health care, and educational professionals.
Subject(s)
22q11 Deletion Syndrome/complications , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Disorders/therapy , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Speech Disorders/therapy , Speech-Language Pathology/standards , Early Diagnosis , Humans , Language Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/genetics , Speech Disorders/complications , Speech Disorders/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this research was to compare language development (expressive and receptive skills) in children awaiting liver transplantation with that of children who have already undergone the surgical procedure. METHODS:: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 76 children divided into groups, as follows: 31 children who were candidates for liver transplantation (Group 1; G1), 45 children who had already undergone liver transplantation (Group 2; G2), and a control group (CG) of 60 healthy, normally developing children. Health status information was gathered, and the Test of Early Language Development (TELD)-3 was used to assess language skills. Family household monthly income data were also gathered using a specific questionnaire. RESULTS:: G1 had poorer language performance compared with G2 and the CG. G2 had lower language performance when compared with the CG. However, when considering the TELD-3 standard scores, G2 had scores within normal limits. The regression analysis indicated age as a risk factor for language deficits in Group 1 and family income as a risk factor for language deficits in G2. CONCLUSIONS:: The results suggested that children with chronic liver disease have delays in language development. Transplanted children have linguistic performance within normal limits, but their scores tended to be lower than the CG.
Subject(s)
Language Disorders/complications , Liver Diseases/complications , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Tests , Liver Diseases/surgery , Liver Transplantation , Male , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to compare language development (expressive and receptive skills) in children awaiting liver transplantation with that of children who have already undergone the surgical procedure. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 76 children divided into groups, as follows: 31 children who were candidates for liver transplantation (Group 1; G1), 45 children who had already undergone liver transplantation (Group 2; G2), and a control group (CG) of 60 healthy, normally developing children. Health status information was gathered, and the Test of Early Language Development (TELD)-3 was used to assess language skills. Family household monthly income data were also gathered using a specific questionnaire. RESULTS: G1 had poorer language performance compared with G2 and the CG. G2 had lower language performance when compared with the CG. However, when considering the TELD-3 standard scores, G2 had scores within normal limits. The regression analysis indicated age as a risk factor for language deficits in Group 1 and family income as a risk factor for language deficits in G2. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that children with chronic liver disease have delays in language development. Transplanted children have linguistic performance within normal limits, but their scores tended to be lower than the CG.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Language Disorders/complications , Liver Diseases/complications , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Tests , Liver Diseases/surgery , Liver Transplantation , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:: To identify children at risk for hearing and/or language disorders and to investigate the association between these risks by conducting pre-validated hearing and language screenings. METHODS:: The study was conducted during a polio vaccination campaign in August of 2013 in basic health units in western São Paulo. Parents of children between 2 and 5 years of age were asked to complete two screening tools: a hearing questionnaire (regarding hearing development) and a language production and comprehension scale (including the major language development milestones). The screening tools were administered by different researchers. We compared the risk of having language disorders among children at risk for hearing loss versus children not at risk, as well as the attributable risk and odds ratios. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS:: The study included 479 children with a mean age of three and one-half years, of whom 26.9% were identified as at risk for deficits in language production, 8.6% were at risk for deficits in language comprehension and 14% were at risk for hearing disorders. The children at risk for hearing disorders were twice as likely as those not at risk to exhibit language production and comprehension deficits. CONCLUSION:: The results of this study highlight the importance of establishing and adopting low-cost procedures such as screenings to identify children at risk of developing language and/or hearing disorders in early childhood.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Hearing Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Risk Assessment/methods , Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Tests/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Tests/statistics & numerical data , Male , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify children at risk for hearing and/or language disorders and to investigate the association between these risks by conducting pre-validated hearing and language screenings. METHODS: The study was conducted during a polio vaccination campaign in August of 2013 in basic health units in western São Paulo. Parents of children between 2 and 5 years of age were asked to complete two screening tools: a hearing questionnaire (regarding hearing development) and a language production and comprehension scale (including the major language development milestones). The screening tools were administered by different researchers. We compared the risk of having language disorders among children at risk for hearing loss versus children not at risk, as well as the attributable risk and odds ratios. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: The study included 479 children with a mean age of three and one-half years, of whom 26.9% were identified as at risk for deficits in language production, 8.6% were at risk for deficits in language comprehension and 14% were at risk for hearing disorders. The children at risk for hearing disorders were twice as likely as those not at risk to exhibit language production and comprehension deficits. CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight the importance of establishing and adopting low-cost procedures such as screenings to identify children at risk of developing language and/or hearing disorders in early childhood.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Development , Hearing Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Risk Assessment/methods , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Tests/statistics & numerical data , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción: dentro de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, la prematurez es un factor de riesgo. Los niños prematuros tempranamente pueden presentar retraso en la comunicación y lenguaje, comparados con la población general. Objetivos: Dar a conocer la influencia de la prematurez en el desarrollo de la comunicación y el abordaje posible a realizar. Material y métodos: Análisis de 59 historias clínicas de niños prematuros que asistieron a control y seguimiento en el Gabinete de Intervención Temprana del Hospital Argerich, desde enero de 2011 hasta enero de 2017; y Escala Bayley del Desarrollo Infantil aplicada a cada niño, contemplando habilidades comunicativas y lingüísticas. Resultados: De las habilidades comunicativas esperadas para cada rango de edad, los diversos grupos (6, 9, 12, 18 meses de edad corregida) no alcanzaron a completar el 50% de las mismas. Analizando los resultados de cada grupo de prematuros (Extremo, Muy, Moderado y Tardío), se encontró que a medida que aumenta la edad gestacional existe un aumento de porcentaje de puntuación menor a dos desvíos estándar, visualizado a partir de los 9 meses de edad corregida, presentando compromiso cognitivo general y no sólo del lenguaje. Conclusiones: La prematurez afecta el desempeño comunicativo de los niños. La intervención fonoaudiológica temprana y el desarrollo de dispositivos de estimulación de comunicación y lenguaje contribuirían a disminuir el impacto que puede tener en el desarrollo global de los niños, favoreciendo la intra e intercomunicación, desde los primeros meses de vida.
Introduction: within neurodevelopmental disorders, prematurity is a risk factor. Also, premature infants, may have delays in language and communication acquisition compared to the general population. Objectives: Present the influence of prematurity in the development of communication and the possible approach to be performed. Material and methods: Analysis of 59 clinical records of premature infants, who attended control and follow-up at the Argerich Hospital Early Intervention Service, from January 2011 to January 2017; And Bayley's Scale of Child Development applied to each child, contemplating communicative and linguistic skills. Results: Of the communicative skills expected for each age range, the various groups (6, 9, 12, 18 months of age corrected) fail to complete 50% of the same. Analyzing the results of each group of premature infants (Extreme, Very, Moderate and Late), it was found that as gestational age increases, there is an increase in percentage of score less than two standard deviations observed after 9 months of age corrected, presenting general cognitive commitment and not just of the language. Conclusions: Prematurity affects the communicative performance of children. Early speech therapy and the development of language and communication stimulation devices, would contribute to reduce the impact that can have on the global development of children, favoring intra and intercommunication, from first months of life.
Introdução: dentro das alterações do neurodesenvolvimento a prematuridade é um fator de risco. Os prematuros podem ter atrasos na aprendizagem da linguagem, em comparação com a população em geral. Objetivos: Apresentar a influência da prematuridade no desenvolvimento da comunicação e sua possível abordagem. Material e métodos: Análise de 59 histórias clínicas de infantes prematuros que participaram do monitoramento e acompanhamento no gabinete de intervenção precoce do Hospital Argerich, de janeiro de 2011 à janeiro de 2017; a escala Bayley de crianças em desenvolvimento aplicada a cada criança, contemplando as habilidades comunicativas e lingüísticas. Resultados: Entre as habilidades comunicativas esperadas para cada facha de etária, os diversos grupos (6, 9, 12, 18 meses de idade corregida) não chegam a completar 50% dessas habilidades. Analisando os resultados de cada grupo de prematuros (extremo, muito, moderado e tarde), encontramos que a medida que aumenta a idade gestacional existe um aumento da porcentagem na pontuação menor a dois desvios estândar, observado a partir dos 9 meses, apresentando compromisso cognitivo general e não somente da linguagem. Conclusões: A prematuridade afeta o desempenho comunicativo de crianças. A intervenção fonoaudiológica precoce e o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de estimulação da linguagem, ajudaria a diminuir o impacto que pode ter sobre o desenvolvimento global das crianças, favorecendo a intra e intercomunicação a partir dos primeiros meses de vida.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Child Development , Communication Disorders/complications , Communication Disorders/diagnosis , Early Medical Intervention , Language Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objetivo: Explorar en pacientes afásicos, previo a la exploración neurolingüística, la capacidad de extraer información semántica de las imágenes visuales.Desarrollo: El diseño y construcción de los ítems del test y de las pautas para el análisis de la ejecución, se realizó tomando como referente teórico, a la hipótesis del contenido unitario organizado, considerada como la que mejor explica las disociaciones semánticas observadas en pacientes con daño cerebral. Según esta hipótesis, el conocimiento en el sistema semántico se organiza a partir de la naturaleza biológica o no biológica de los elementos de la realidad. Plantea que tanto las propiedades de los elementos biológicos, como las de los no biológicos, están fuertemente correlacionadas, siendo compartidos muchos atributos entre miembros de las categorías supraordinadas. El test implica decidir si los conceptos a los que pertenecen dos imágenes que se presentan juntas,forman parte o no, de la misma categoría semántica. Está conformado por 42 elementos, 2 como ejemplos y 40 como ítems. En 20 ítems ambas imágenes pertenecen a la misma categoría semántica, y en los otros 20 ítems, las imágenes pertenecen a categorías semánticas diferentes. Para el análisis de la ejecución del paciente, se deben considerar dos cuestiones. Primero, los supuestos de los que parte la hipótesis del contenido unitario organizado, que ha sido tomada como referente para la construcción del test (la información en el sistema semántico se organiza a partir de su naturaleza biológica o no biológica). En segundo lugar, se debe tener en cuenta que este análisis es puramentecualitativo. Se puntúa la ejecución solo para facilitar su análisis, pero este se realiza teniendo en cuanta las categorías a las que pertenecen los ítems donde falla, sin precisar una puntuación global en el test(AU)
Objective: To evaluate in aphasic patients, the capacity to extract semantic information of visual images, before neurolinguistics assessment.Development: The development and construction of the items and procedures for assessment the execution of patients in the test, was taking the organized unitary content hypothesis as theorical referent. This hypothesis is considerate the best explanation about the semantic dissociation observed in patients with brain injury. The organized unitary content hypothesis approach, that knowledge is organized in the semantic system, by means of the biological or not biological nature of elements in the reality; and the correlation of properties of biologicaland not biological elements are strongest: the members of superior categories shared much attributes withmembers of subordinate categories. The task of the test implies to decide if the concepts of two images that are presented together, belong or not, to the same semantic category. In his structure, the task is formed by 42 elements: 2 as examples and 40 as items. In 20 items, both images belong to the same semantic category. In the others 20 items, the images belong to different semantics categories. The analysis of patient´s test execution needs the consideration of two topics. First, all supposes of the organized unitary content hypothesis that are taken as referent for the test development and construction (knowledge is organized in the semantic system by means of the biological or not biological nature of elements in the reality). Second, this analysis is purely qualitative. The punctuation of the patients execution is for facilitate the assessment. The analysis requires to considerate only the semantic categories of the images. Is not necessary a global percentile in the test(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia/diagnosis , Language Disorders/complications , Neurologic Examination/psychology , Mental Processes , Neuropsychological Tests , Neurolinguistic Programming , Semantics , Patients/psychologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare abilities of imitating generic and sequential motion gesture schemes in family routines among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and to analyze the relation between imitation index and verbal production in the ASD group. METHODS: The sample was constituted by 2:1 pairing of 36 children, according to gender and age. All of them were diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team as belonging to the ASD group (n=24) or SLI group (n=12) and were under direct and indirect intervention in a school clinic. We have used the stage of imitation of the Assessment of Symbolic Maturity, which entails the imitation of nine generic and three sequential motion gesture schemes. RESULTS: There was a tendency to a better performance of the SLI group at imitating both generic and sequential gesture schemes. As we have related the ability of imitation to the verbal production in the ASD group, a direct relation between the production of phrases and the imitation of sequential schemes was detected. CONCLUSION: The ability to imitate gesture and sequential schemes could be compared, and a more prominent impairment was identified in children with autism. Among them, a direct significant relationship between the ability of imitating sequential gesture schemes in family routine and verbal production of words and sentences was verified.
Subject(s)
Gestures , Imitative Behavior , Autistic Disorder/complications , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Child , Family Relations , Female , Humans , Language Development , Language Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/diagnosis , MaleABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare abilities of imitating generic and sequential motion gesture schemes in family routines among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and to analyze the relation between imitation index and verbal production in the ASD group. Methods: The sample was constituted by 2:1 pairing of 36 children, according to gender and age. All of them were diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team as belonging to the ASD group (n=24) or SLI group (n=12) and were under direct and indirect intervention in a school clinic. We have used the stage of imitation of the Assessment of Symbolic Maturity, which entails the imitation of nine generic and three sequential motion gesture schemes. Results: There was a tendency to a better performance of the SLI group at imitating both generic and sequential gesture schemes. As we have related the ability of imitation to the verbal production in the ASD group, a direct relation between the production of phrases and the imitation of sequential schemes was detected. Conclusion: The ability to imitate gesture and sequential schemes could be compared, and a more prominent impairment was identified in children with autism. Among them, a direct significant relationship between the ability of imitating sequential gesture schemes in family routine and verbal production of words and sentences was verified. .
Objetivo: Comparar as habilidades de imitação de esquemas gestuais simples e de sequências de ações em rotinas familiares de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e com Transtorno Específico de Linguagem e Fala (TEL) e analisar a relação entre o índice de imitação e a produção verbal das crianças do Grupo TEA. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída pelo pareamento 2:1 de 36 crianças, de acordo com gênero e faixa etária. Todas foram diagnosticadas por equipe multidisciplinar como pertencentes ao Grupo TEA (n=24) ou grupo TEL (n=12) e atendidas em intervenção direta e indireta em clínicaescola. Utilizamos a etapa de imitação da Avaliação da Maturidade Simbólica, que compreende a imitação de nove esquemas gestuais simples e de três esquemas gestuais sequenciais. Resultados: Observamos tendência de melhor desempenho do Grupo TEL na imitação de esquemas gestuais tanto simples como sequenciais. Ao relacionarmos a habilidade de imitação à produção verbal do Grupo TEA, verificamos relação direta entre produção de frases e imitação de esquemas sequenciais. Conclusão: Foi possível comparar a habilidade de imitação gestual e de esquema sequencial e verificar maior comprometimento de desempenho nas crianças com diagnóstico compatível com o Espectro do Autismo. Dentre estas, verificouse relação direta significativa entre a habilidade de imitação de sequências de rotinas familiares e a produção verbal de palavras e frases. .
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Gestures , Imitative Behavior , Autistic Disorder/complications , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Family Relations , Language Development , Language Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to characterize the Brazilian Portuguese speaking children seen at the Speech-Language Pathology Service of a Health Center, between 1985 and 2009, diagnosed with primary language impairments (PLI): language development impairment (LDI), phonological disorder (PD) and reading and writing impairment (RWI) regarding demographic and audiological profile; as well as investigate the association between PLI and demographic variables, and the association between PLI and hearing disorders. METHODS: A survey of medical records was carried out, collecting audiological and language impairment diagnostic data, totaling 2424 individuals in the study group. In addition, audiological evaluation data of 186 children without language disorders complaints were collected so that they constituted the control group. RESULTS: From the study group,1524 children (62.87%) had PLI. Considering the PLIs, the following occurrences were observed: PD=58.84%, LDI=30.75% and RWI=10.41%, with a predominance of males (64.19%) and age range up to 6 years (67.15%). For the audiological profile, there was a predominance of normal hearing thresholds (81.34%), followed by conductive hearing loss (15.47%). Tympanogram type A was more prevalent (56.24%), followed by B and C types (21.84% and 18.16%). Acoustic reflexes were present in the majority of subjects (51.7%). There was a significant association between belonging to the 7-12 years-old group and presenting with PD, belonging to the group up to 6 years and having LDI, and belonging to the older group and presenting with RWI. There was a significant association between males and presenting with LDI. There was statistically significant association between PLI and abnormal audiological profile. Individuals with abnormal audiological profile were 63% more likely to have PLI than those who had normal audiological profile. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that having an abnormal audiological profile would be a risk factor for PLI. Hence, these findings can serve as a basis for children hearing and speech-language monitoring, and as an important tool for the planning of health promotion and prevention actions, as well as the development and implementation of intervention programs.
Subject(s)
Dyslexia/complications , Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Speech Sound Disorder/complications , Adolescent , Age Factors , Audiometry , Brazil , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Reflex, Acoustic , Retrospective Studies , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The child's inclusion in his/her social-cultural context is very important to his/her adaptation and well-being. The family has a major role as a facilitator of this process. Therefore the difficulties of these families in communicating with children with communication disorders are an important issue to be assessed in order to support orientations to families. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify and compare communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI). METHODS: Information was gathered with the use of a questionnaire with 24 questions regarding the perception of parents about their child communication disorders and the difficulties they identify. The questions were divided into four domains: 1 - Parents' personal difficulties; 2 - Parents' impression about themselves regarding their child; 3 - Parents' impressions about other persons' reactions to their child and 4 - Parents' impression about their child. Sixty parents were the subjects of this study: 20 had children with DS, 20 with SLI and 20 with ASD. All children had ages between 6 and 12 years. RESULTS: It was possible to observe that there was significant difference between the parents of ASD children with those of DS and SLI on the second, third and fourth domains. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire is effective to the identification of the communication disorders of ASD children based on their parents' reports but not to other developmental disorders.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/complications , Communication , Down Syndrome/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Parents , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Perception , Social Environment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The child's inclusion in his/her social-cultural context is very important to his/her adaptation and well-being. The family has a major role as a facilitator of this process. Therefore the difficulties of these families in communicating with children with communication disorders are an important issue to be assessed in order to support orientations to families. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify and compare communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI). METHODS: Information was gathered with the use of a questionnaire with 24 questions regarding the perception of parents about their child communication disorders and the difficulties they identify. The questions were divided into four domains: 1 - Parents' personal difficulties; 2 - Parents' impression about themselves regarding their child; 3 - Parents' impressions about other persons' reactions to their child and 4 - Parents' impression about their child. Sixty parents were the subjects of this study: 20 had children with DS, 20 with SLI and 20 with ASD. All children had ages between 6 and 12 years. RESULTS: It was possible to observe that there was significant difference between the parents of ASD children with those of DS and SLI on the second, third and fourth domains. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire is effective to the identification of the communication disorders of ASD children based on their parents' reports but not to other developmental disorders. .
INTRODUÇÃO: A inserção da criança no contexto sociocultural é de grande importância para a sua adaptação e bem-estar, e a família desempenha um papel primordial como mediadora desse processo, tornando as dificuldades familiares com a comunicação da criança com distúrbios de linguagem um importante aspecto a ser estudado para basear as orientações familiares frequentemente oferecidas a essa população. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visou identificar e comparar as dificuldades na comunicação percebidas por pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down (SD), com Distúrbio do Espectro do Autismo (DEA) e com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem (DEL). MÉTODOS: As informações foram colhidas a partir da aplicação de um questionário com 24 questões fechadas envolvendo a percepção dos pais a respeito da comunicação de seu(a) filho(a) e das dificuldades identificadas. Essas 24 questões foram divididas em quatro domínios: 1 - Dificuldades pessoais dos pais; 2 - Impressão dos pais sobre eles próprios em relação aos seus filhos; 3 - Impressões a respeito das atitudes dos outros em relação à criança e 4 - Impressão dos pais em relação aos seus filhos. Participaram desta pesquisa 60 pais, sendo 20 de crianças com SD, 20 de crianças com DEA e 20 de crianças com DEL; todos com idade entre 6 e 12 anos. RESULTADOS: Foi possível observar que houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de pais de crianças com DEA com SD e DEL nos domínios 2, 3 e 4. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário é efetivo para a identificação das dificuldades de comunicação das crianças portadoras de DEA a partir de dados colhidos com seus pais e/ou cuidadores, mas não ...
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Autistic Disorder/complications , Communication , Down Syndrome/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Parents , Perception , Social Environment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the main risk factors related to children and their parents, associated with speech and language disorders. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study conducted with 170 children and their parents assisted at a school clinic in the period between March 2010 and July 2012. A protocol was developed for this study in order to identify risk factors for language and speech disorders. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by the Χ2 and Student' s t-test . RESULTS: The demographic profile is composed of male children aged between 4 and 5 years old, ethnicity declared by parents as being white, residents of the western region of the city of São Paulo, and whose parents had completed high school. The factors related to family and considered as risks for language impairment were being an only child and having a family history of speech and language disorders. As for the children' s health, prematurity, hospitalization for a long period, and the presence of deleterious oral habits were also considered as risk factors. CONCLUSION: The protocol allows establishing the main risk factors related to children with speech and language disorders. It is suggested that children who present with one or more of the aforementioned risk factors should be regularly monitored for speech and language development and, if necessary, referred for early intervention. .
OBJETIVO: Identificar os principais fatores de risco relacionados à criança e seus pais associados às alterações fonoaudiológicas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e prospectivo realizado com 170 crianças e seus respectivos pais atendidas em uma clínica-escola no período de março de 2010 a julho de 2012. Utilizou-se o Protocolo para identificação de fatores de risco para a alteração de linguagem e fala, desenvolvido para este estudo. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise descritiva e inferencial por meio do Χ2 e Teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: O perfil sociodemográfico é de crianças do gênero masculino, com quatro e cinco anos de idade, da raça declarada branca, moradores da região Oeste da cidade de São Paulo e cujos pais tinham ensino médio completo. Os fatores relacionados à família considerados de risco para a alteração de linguagem foram ser filho único e ter antecedentes familiares. Quanto à saúde da criança, a prematuridade, internações por longo período e presença de hábitos orais deletérios também foram considerados fatores de risco. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo permite estabelecer os principais fatores de risco fonoaudiológicos em crianças. Sugere-se que as crianças que apresentam um ou mais fatores de risco citados acima devam ser acompanhadas periodicamente quanto ao desenvolvimento da fala e linguagem e, se necessário, encaminhadas para intervenção precoce. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Language Disorders/complications , Speech Disorders/complications , Child Language , Language Development , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Parents , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Speech Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that bipolar disorder is also associated with neuropsychological impairments persisting during euthymia, thus representing a trait-like feature of the disease. Language and speech abnormalities are also present in bipolar disorder, especially in verbal fluency and verbal memory. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating different levels of linguistic processing (phonological, syntactical, and semantic) in a single cohort of euthymic bipolar patients. Based on previous findings of pervasive language impairment in euthymic elderly bipolar patients, the aim of this study was to comprise a more thorough investigation on the subject. METHODS: We studied 19 euthymic bipolar patients aged 60 and above, and 20 cognitively healthy subjects using the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD) and the Test for Reception of Grammar Version 2 (TROG-2) in order to assess the phonological, syntactic, and semantic domains of language. RESULTS: Bipolar patients performed poorer than controls in Linguistic Expression (p=0.011), in Linguistic Comprehension (Following Commands; p=0.025 and Reading Comprehension of Sentences; p=0.007), and in the TROG-2 (p=0.006). LIMITATIONS: The small sample comprising only elderly patients; the lack of statistical power to analyze the potential effect of individual medications on the cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that linguistic impairment is present in euthymic bipolar patients, affecting mostly syntactic and lexical-semantic abilities, both in comprehension and production of language. These deficits are interrelated with other cognitive skills also known to be affected in bipolar disorder, such as executive functions and episodic memory.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/complications , Language Disorders/complications , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Comprehension , Executive Function , Female , Humans , Male , Memory , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Hyperlexia is characterized by spontaneous and early acquisition of reading skills, manifested before the age of five, without any formal education. Expressive and receptive language deficit, excellent memory, delayed language skills, echolalia, perseverations, and difficulty to understand verbal contexts, are common symptoms in individuals with hyperlexia and global developmental disorders, including Asperger's syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the reading skills of individuals with hyperlexia. The participants were six boys with a history of hyperlexia, perceived by relatives before 36 months of life, chronologically aged between four years and four months to five years and two months. The following evaluation procedures were applied: interview with the parents or responsible guardians, communicative behavior observation, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), recognition of alphabet letters and numbers, School Performance Test, text reading, and reading comprehension. The participants showed different performances in the PPVT, and recognized letters, numbers and isolated words. There was difficulty in answering the writing subtest; the majority did not understand the text that they read and all of them demonstrated recognition of letters and numbers. Some participants were able to read words and texts. However, all participants presented alterations in other areas of language development, such as receptive vocabulary, communicative behavior and understanding of the material read, in addition to altered behaviors of social adaptation, both interactive and restrictive.
Subject(s)
Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/etiology , Language Disorders/complications , Reading , Asperger Syndrome , Child, Preschool , Humans , Language Development , Male , VocabularyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the main risk factors related to children and their parents, associated with speech and language disorders. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study conducted with 170 children and their parents assisted at a school clinic in the period between March 2010 and July 2012. A protocol was developed for this study in order to identify risk factors for language and speech disorders. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by the χ² and Student's t-test . RESULTS: The demographic profile is composed of male children aged between 4 and 5 years old, ethnicity declared by parents as being white, residents of the western region of the city of São Paulo, and whose parents had completed high school. The factors related to family and considered as risks for language impairment were being an only child and having a family history of speech and language disorders. As for the children' s health, prematurity, hospitalization for a long period, and the presence of deleterious oral habits were also considered as risk factors. CONCLUSION: The protocol allows establishing the main risk factors related to children with speech and language disorders. It is suggested that children who present with one or more of the aforementioned risk factors should be regularly monitored for speech and language development and, if necessary, referred for early intervention.
Subject(s)
Language Disorders/complications , Speech Disorders/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child Language , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Language Development , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Male , Parents , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Hiperlexia caracteriza-se pela aquisição espontânea e precoce da habilidade de leitura, manifestada antes dos cinco anos, na ausência de instrução formal. Déficit da linguagem expressiva e receptiva, excelente memória, atraso nas habilidades linguísticas, ecolalia, perseverações e dificuldade para compreensão do contexto verbal são sintomas comuns em indivíduos hiperléxicos com transtorno global do desenvolvimento, incluindo a Síndrome de Asperger. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as habilidades de leitura de indivíduos que apresentam hiperlexia. Participaram seis meninos, com histórico de hiperlexia percebida pelos familiares antes dos 36 meses de vida, de idade cronológica variando de quatro anos e quatro meses a cinco anos e dois meses. Foram aplicados os seguintes procedimentos de avaliação: entrevista com os responsáveis, observação do comportamento comunicativo, Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody (TVIP), reconhecimento de letras do alfabeto e números, Teste de Desempenho Escolar, leitura de texto e compreensão de leitura. Os participantes apresentaram desempenhos diferentes no TVIP, demonstraram reconhecimento de letras e números e de palavras isoladas. Entretanto, foram verificadas diferenças no desempenho deles. Houve dificuldade em responder ao subteste de escrita; a maioria não compreendeu o texto lido e todos demonstraram reconhecer letras e números, sendo alguns deles com habilidade de leitura de palavras e texto. Porém, apresentaram alterações em outras áreas do desenvolvimento da linguagem, como vocabulário receptivo, comportamento comunicativo e compreensão do material lido, somados aos comportamentos alterados de adaptação social, interativos e restritivos.
Hyperlexia is characterized by spontaneous and early acquisition of reading skills, manifested before the age of five, without any formal education. Expressive and receptive language deficit, excellent memory, delayed language skills, echolalia, perseverations, and difficulty to understand verbal contexts, are common symptoms in individuals with hyperlexia and global developmental disorders, including Asperger's syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the reading skills of individuals with hyperlexia. The participants were six boys with a history of hyperlexia, perceived by relatives before 36 months of life, chronologically aged between four years and four months to five years and two months. The following evaluation procedures were applied: interview with the parents or responsible guardians, communicative behavior observation, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), recognition of alphabet letters and numbers, School Performance Test, text reading, and reading comprehension. The participants showed different performances in the PPVT, and recognized letters, numbers and isolated words. There was difficulty in answering the writing subtest; the majority did not understand the text that they read and all of them demonstrated recognition of letters and numbers. Some participants were able to read words and texts. However, all participants presented alterations in other areas of language development, such as receptive vocabulary, communicative behavior and understanding of the material read, in addition to altered behaviors of social adaptation, both interactive and restrictive.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/etiology , Language Disorders/complications , Reading , Asperger Syndrome , Language Development , VocabularyABSTRACT
TEMA: co-ocorrência de problemas de linguagem oral e enurese em crianças. OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar possíveis relações entre problemas da linguagem oral e enurese em crianças. MÉTODO: pesquisa clínico-quanti-qualitativa de caráter descritivo/interpretativo apresentada em duas situações distintas. A "situação 1" refere-se a um grupo de 120 crianças, entre 3:0 e 10:0 anos, independente das variáveis sexo e idade, que frequentam uma Instituição da Grande São Paulo. A "situação 2" refere-se especificamente à avaliação de crianças que apresentam a co-ocorrência de problemas de linguagem oral e enurese. RESULTADOS: os resultados apontaram que, comparativamente, as crianças enuréticas tendem a ter mais problemas de linguagem oral que as não enuréticas, especialmente desvios fonológicos e o fato de falarem pouco. Tais resultados corroboram os estudos sobre a co-ocorrência de enurese e problemas de linguagem oral, apresentados em trabalhos que atribuem etiologia bio-psíquica a essa co-morbidade. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicaram relação entre enurese e problemas de linguagem oral. Considerando-se os efeitos recíprocos entre linguagem, corpo e psiquismo, sugere-se que os fonoaudiólogos que se ocupam dos problemas de linguagem em crianças também investiguem a aquisição do seu controle esfincteriano vesical, numa abordagem bio-psíquica.
BACKGROUND: co-occurrence of oral language disorders and enuresis in children. AIM: to identify and analyze the relationship between instances of oral language disorders and enuresis in children. METHOD: clinical, quantitative and qualitative study, with a descriptive/interpretative outline, presented through two distinct situations. "Situation 1" refers to a group of 120 children between 3:0 and 10:0 years old, independently of gender and age, from a philanthropic Institution in Greater São Paulo. "Situation 2" refers specifically to the evaluation of children who have oral language disorders and enuresis. RESULTS: results indicated that enuretic children present a higher percentage of oral language disorders when compared to non-enuretic children, especially phonological disorders and talking very little. These results support the studies on co-occurrence of enuresis and oral language disorders, presented in papers that attribute a bio-psychic etiology to this co-morbidity. CONCLUSION: results indicated a relationship between enuresis and oral language disorders. Considering the interactions among language, body and psyche, it is suggested that speech therapists, when dealing with oral language disorders in children, also investigate the acquisition of their bladder sphincter control, in a bio-psychical approach.