ABSTRACT
AIMS: There are limited studies on dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist use and occurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME). The objective of this study was to determine the association between DPP-4i, SGLT2-i, and GLP-1 receptor agonist use and occurrence of DME. METHODS: Proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the change in hazard of developing DME associated with DPP-4i, SGLT2-i, or GLP-1 receptor agonist use. Models accounted for age at DR diagnosis, DR severity (proliferative vs non-proliferative stage), time-weighted average of HbA1c level, sex, and self-reported race/ethnicity. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The hazard ratio of developing DME after diagnosis of DR was 1.2 (CI = 0.75 to 1.99; p = 0.43) for DPP-4i use, 0.93 (CI = 0.54 to 1.61; p = 0.81) for GLP-1 receptor agonist use, 0.82 (CI = 0.20 to 3.34; p = 0.78) for SGLT2-i use, 1.1 (CI = 0.75 to 1.59; p = 0.66) for any one medication use, 1.1 (CI = 0.62 to 2.09; p = 0.68) and for any two or more medications use. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find an association between DPP-4i, SGLT2-i, or GLP-1 receptor agonist use and increased hazard of development of DME among patients with DR.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetic Retinopathy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor , Macular Edema , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors , Humans , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Male , Female , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists , Middle Aged , Aged , Macular Edema/epidemiology , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Cystoid macular edema is a vision-threatening complication infrequently associated with hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity. There are limited data on the best treatment for this pathology. METHODS: A retrospective case series is presented. RESULTS: In this series, we present three cases of cystoid macular edema in patients with diagnosed hydroxychloroquine maculopathy successfully treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implantation. CONCLUSION: Minimal literature has been published regarding the best management of cystoid macular edema related to hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Our case series suggests a possible new agent in the treatment of this rare occurrence.
Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents , Dexamethasone , Glucocorticoids , Hydroxychloroquine , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Edema , Humans , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Female , Retrospective Studies , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Male , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Aged , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Nab-paclitaxel-related cystoid macular edema is a rare ophthalmic adverse drug reaction. We present a 54-year-old woman with metastatic hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative breast carcinoma who developed profound bilateral vision loss after the seventh cycle of nab-paclitaxel treatment. Optical coherence tomography and macula microperimetry demonstrated macular edema and decreased threshold sensitivity, respectively. Cessation of nab-paclitaxel improved structural and functional vision after 4 weeks. The introduction of topical dorzolamide 1% in one eye demonstrated further rapid resolution of edema. We demonstrate the objective and subjective visual changes and recovery of nab-paclitaxel-related cystoid macular edema. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:408-411.].
Subject(s)
Albumins , Breast Neoplasms , Macula Lutea , Macular Edema , Paclitaxel , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity , Humans , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Female , Middle Aged , Paclitaxel/adverse effects , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Albumins/adverse effects , Macula Lutea/pathology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A high-dose formulation of intravitreal aflibercept (8 mg) could improve treatment outcomes in diabetic macular oedema (DMO) by requiring fewer injections than the standard comparator, aflibercept 2 mg. We report efficacy and safety results of aflibercept 8 mg versus 2 mg in patients with DMO. METHODS: PHOTON was a randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority, phase 2/3 trial performed at 138 hospitals and specialty retina clinics in seven countries. Eligible patients were adults aged 18 years or older with type 1 or 2 diabetes and centre-involved DMO. Patients were randomly assigned (1:2:1) to intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg every 8 weeks (2q8), aflibercept 8 mg every 12 weeks (8q12), or aflibercept 8 mg every 16 weeks (8q16), following initial monthly dosing. From week 16, dosing intervals for the aflibercept 8 mg groups were shortened if patients met prespecified dose regimen modification criteria denoting disease activity. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at week 48 (non-inferiority margin of 4 letters). Efficacy and safety analyses included all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04429503). FINDINGS: Between June 29, 2020, and June 28, 2021, 970 patients were screened for eligibility. After exclusions, 660 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive aflibercept 8q12 (n=329), 8q16 (n=164), or 2q8 (n=167); two patients were randomly assigned in error and did not receive treatment. 658 (99·7%) patients were treated and included in the full analysis set and safety analysis set (8q12 n=328, 8q16 n=163, and 2q8 n=167). Mean patient age was 62·3 years (SD 10·4). 401 (61%) patients were male. 471 (72%) patients were White. Aflibercept 8q12 and 8q16 demonstrated non-inferior BCVA gains to aflibercept 2q8 (BCVA mean change from baseline 8·8 letters [SD 9·0] in the 8q12 group, 7·9 letters [8·4] in the 8q16 group, and 9·2 letters [9·0] in the 2q8 group). The difference in least squares means was -0·57 letters (95% CI -2·26 to 1·13, p value for non-inferiority <0·0001) between 8q12 and 2q8 and -1·44 letters (-3·27 to 0·39, p value for non-inferiority 0·0031) between aflibercept 8q16 and 2q8. Proportions of patients with ocular adverse events in the study eye were similar across groups (8q12 n=104 [32%], 8q16 n=48 [29%], and 2q8 n=46 [28%]). INTERPRETATION: Aflibercept 8 mg demonstrated efficacy and safety with extended dosing intervals and could decrease treatment burden in patients with DMO. FUNDING: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Bayer.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Edema , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Macular Edema/etiology , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Middle Aged , AgedABSTRACT
AIM: We assessed the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in reducing the administration frequency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) using a health insurance claims database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analysed health insurance claims data covering 11 million Japanese patients between 2005 and 2019. We analysed the frequency and duration of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents after initiating SGLT2is or other antidiabetic drugs. RESULTS: Among 2412 matched patients with DMO, the incidence rates of anti-VEGF agent injections were 230.1 per 1000 person-year in SGLT2i users and 228.4 times per 1000 person-year in non-users, respectively, and the risk ratio for events was unchanged in both groups. Sub-analysis of each baseline characteristic of the patients showed that SGLT2is were particularly effective in patients with a history of anti-VEGF agent use [p = .027, hazard ratio (HR): 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.91]. SGLT2is reduced the risk for the first (p = .023, HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.91) and second (p = .021, HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.89) anti-VEGF agent injections. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the risk ratio for the addition of anti-VEGF therapy between the two treatment groups. However, the use of SGLT2is reduced the frequency of anti-VEGF agent administration in patients with DMO requiring anti-VEGF therapy. Therefore, SGLT2i therapy may be a novel, non-invasive, low-cost adjunctive therapy for DMO requiring anti-VEGF therapy.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Edema , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors , Symporters , Humans , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/epidemiology , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Ranibizumab/adverse effects , Bevacizumab/adverse effects , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Endothelial Growth Factors/therapeutic use , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/therapeutic use , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Japan/epidemiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Symporters/therapeutic use , Glucose/therapeutic use , Sodium , Intravitreal InjectionsABSTRACT
This case series reports on two patients who developed macular holes while on prostaglandin analogs (PGA) therapy. The first case involves a 63-year-old woman with a history of a macular hole of the left eye that had spontaneously closed. After starting PGA therapy for elevated intraocular pressure, cystoid macular edema formed, which resulted in reopening of the macular hole. The second case involves a 64-year-old man with primary open-angle glaucoma, on PGA therapy, with a newly diagnosed small macular hole of the right eye that closed after cessation of the PGA therapy. These cases demonstrate an association between prostaglandin analogs and the formation or reopening of full-thickness macular holes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:112-115.].
Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Macular Edema , Retinal Perforations , Male , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Retinal Perforations/chemically induced , Retinal Perforations/diagnosis , Prostaglandins , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Macular Edema , Niacin , Humans , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Dietary Supplements/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used mainly for the treatment of breast cancer. Based on the case reports and studies performed to date on the retinal toxicity of tamoxifen, retinopathy appears to occur in as many as 12% of patients taking 20 mg tamoxifen a day for over 2 years. Of this 12%, as many as half develop symptomatic changes in visual acuity. Retinal changes consist primarily of crystalline deposits, cystoid macular edema, hyperreflective deposits in the inner retinal layers, and telangiectasia. Tamoxifen retinopathy is currently managed by discontinuing tamoxifen therapy as the cancer prognosis permits; however, discontinuing therapy demonstrates little to no improvement in visual acuity once visual changes have taken place. Intravitreal injections of steroids or antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy have been performed, but require further studying before conclusions can be made. Until then, optical coherence tomography screening for retinal changes should be performed every 6 months for patients who have been on tamoxifen therapy for 2 years or more. This way, patients can become aware of retinal changes, and their physicians can consider adjusting tamoxifen therapy before they risk developing changes in visual acuity.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Edema , Retinal Diseases , Humans , Female , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/drug therapy , Retina , Tamoxifen/adverse effects , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Intravitreal Injections , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Retrospective Studies , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several observational studies have reported acute kidney injury from intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs for retinal diseases. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on this critical topic are scant. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acute kidney injury risk associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs in patients with retinal diseases. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 12 July, 2023, and included randomized controlled trials reporting acute kidney injury between anti-VEGF drugs (e.g., aflibercept, bevacizumab, brolucizumab, and ranibizumab) and controls for retinal diseases (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, diabetic retinopathy/diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, and myopic choroidal neovascularization). Data were synthesized by a fixed-effects model for pooling odds ratios (ORs) using the Peto method. RESULTS: We included 13 randomized controlled trials (four and nine trials for aflibercept and ranibizumab, respectively) with a total of 4282 participants. The meta-analysis indicated intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs did not increase the acute kidney injury risk, compared with controls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-2.04, I2: 0%), and no differences in the acute kidney injury risk were observed between different anti-VEGF drugs (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 0.27-4.43, I2: 0% for aflibercept; OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.42-2.22, I2: 0% for ranibizumab) and between different retinal diseases (OR: 4.61, 95% CI 0.07-284.13, I2: not applicable for age-related macular degeneration; OR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.42-1.93, I2: 0% for diabetic retinopathy/diabetic macular edema; OR: 1.57, 95% CI 0.16-15.88, I2: 0% for retinal vein occlusion). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs were not associated with an acute kidney injury risk, regardless of which anti-VEGF drugs (aflibercept or ranibizumab) or retinal diseases (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy/diabetic macular edema, or retinal vein occlusion) were involved. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021267854.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Degeneration , Macular Edema , Retinal Diseases , Retinal Vein Occlusion , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Bevacizumab/adverse effects , Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy , Diabetic Retinopathy/chemically induced , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Endothelial Growth Factors/therapeutic use , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Degeneration/chemically induced , Macular Degeneration/complications , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Ranibizumab/adverse effects , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/complications , Retinal Diseases/drug therapy , Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy , Retinal Vein Occlusion/chemically induced , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As a modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, siponimod is administered as a therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. A previous phase 3 study first reported siponimod-associated macular edema. Since that report, there were only few relevant reports in clinical settings. Here, we report a case of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis developed macular edema after siponimod treatment. We also review the progress of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, elaborate on accepted mechanisms in treating multiple sclerosis, and discuss the causation of siponimod-associated macular edema. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old Chinese female patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, who had recurrent numbness of the limbs and right leg fatigue, developed mild macular edema following 4 months of siponimod treatment. The macular edema resolved after discontinuing the medication, and did not recur after resuming siponimod. CONCLUSION: Although siponimod-associated macular edema may be rare, mild, transitory, and manageable, it cannot be ignored and requires ongoing vigilance.
Subject(s)
Macular Edema , Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive , Multiple Sclerosis , Female , Humans , Adult , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/therapeutic use , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cystoid macular edema is a known complication of omidenepag isopropyl usage. Omidenepag isopropyl is a selective prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, and its association with macular edema has mainly been identified in pseudophakic eyes. Herein, we report a case of cystoid macular edema caused by omidenepag isopropyl use in a phakic eye with an implantable collamer lens. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old woman was diagnosed with left eye glaucoma and prescribed omidenepag isopropyl. She had undergone bilateral implantation of implantable collamer lenses approximately 12 years prior to the glaucoma diagnosis. After 9 months of using omidenepag isopropyl, she presented with blurred vision in the left eye; swept source optical coherence tomography revealed cystoid macular edema in this eye. Omidenepag isopropyl usage was discontinued, and bromfenac sodium hydrate was administered twice daily instead. After 2 months, the patient's visual discomfort was completely ameliorated. Additionally, an optical coherence tomography examination confirmed that the macula had normalized. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of cystoid macular edema development after omidenepag isopropyl use in a patient with glaucoma who had undergone bilateral implantable collamer lens implantation. This case shows that the possibility of cystoid macular edema occurrence should be considered when omidenepag isopropyl is used, even in phakic eyes, after the insertion of implantable collamer lenses.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Lenses, Intraocular , Macula Lutea , Macular Edema , Female , Humans , Adult , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Glaucoma/surgeryABSTRACT
Purpose: To conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy alone versus laser photocoagulation (LP) therapy alone or anti-VEGF therapy combined with LP therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for studies comparing anti-VEGF therapy alone versus LP therapy alone or anti-VEGF therapy combined with LP therapy for DME. Primary outcomes were mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) change. Relevant data were collected and pooled using NMA. Results: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included in our NMA. Anti-VEGF therapy significantly improved BCVA the most compared to the combined (mean difference [MD] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.084, 2.7) and LP (MD = 6.3; 95% CI: 5.1, 7.6) therapies at six months, while there was no difference in reducing CMT at six months between the anti-VEGF and combined therapies (MD = -16; 95% CI: -46, 13). At 12 months, no significant difference was found between the anti-VEGF and combined therapy in terms of BCVA (MD = 0.1; 95% CI: -1.7, 1.5) and CMT (MD = 21; 95% CI: -3.0, 44). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the anti-VEGF therapy and combined therapy. For the long-term treatment of patients with DME, combined therapy is recommended. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022376401.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Edema , Humans , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/surgery , Ranibizumab/adverse effects , Bevacizumab , Endothelial Growth Factors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Network Meta-Analysis , Laser Coagulation , Lasers , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically inducedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment discontinuation with baseline factors and outcomes in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema from central or hemiretinal vein occlusion. DESIGN: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 US centers. METHODS: Analysis included 150 SCORE2 Month 60 completers classified into 3 groups: discontinued treatment early, treated intermittently, and treated continuously. Outcomes included visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST). RESULTS: Patients who discontinued treatment early were younger (60.9 years, vs 66.7 and 70.5 for the treated intermittently and treated continuously groups; P = .001), and 17.4% were Black, compared to 19.5% and 4.7% for the treated intermittently and treated continuously groups (P = .006). At Month 60, the discontinued treatment early group had a higher proportion with complete resolution of macular edema (69.6%) than those treated intermittently (15.0%) and treated continuously (15.7%) (P < .001). Least-squares means analyses over follow-up demonstrated that the discontinued treatment early group had a lower mean CST (257 µm) than the treated intermittently (CST = 303 µm, P = .02) and treated continuously (CST = 300 µm, P = .01) groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to those treated continuously, those who discontinued treatment early were younger and more likely Black. The discontinued treatment early group had a higher proportion with complete resolution of macular edema at Month 60, and a lower mean CST over follow-up, but not better VA, than the treated continuously and treated intermittently groups. Results support the need for continued monitoring and individualized treatment for patients treated with anti-VEGF for macular edema from central or hemiretinal vein occlusion.
Subject(s)
Macular Edema , Retinal Vein Occlusion , Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Intravitreal Injections , Bevacizumab/therapeutic use , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis , Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy , Retinal Vein Occlusion/chemically induced , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a rare case of cystoid macular edema (CME) as a presentation of acute hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. OBSERVATIONS: A 37-year-old female patient visited our ophthalmology department in October 2019 complaining of bilateral blurred vision and metamorphopsia for 3 days. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/7.5 in the left eye under the Snellen E chart. Before presentation, she had taken hydroxychloroquine as a "reproduction-facilitating medication" prior to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures with the daily dose of 200 mg for 1 week in March 2019 and 400 mg for 1 month in September 2019. She also took a combination of several herbal medicine including "Angelica sinensis" for 6 months in this period. On examination, typical signs of hydroxychloroquine maculopathy such as bilateral paracentral retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) change in blue autofluorescence and loss of the paracentral ellipsoid zone in optical coherence tomography ("flying saucer sign") were noted. CME was also found in fluorescein angiography. Her symptoms improved gradually after cessation of hydroxychloroquine and herb medicine without any further treatment. Resolution of bilateral CME was revealed at 16 weeks with final bilateral BCVA 6/6. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Although rare, acute hydroxychloroquine maculopathy could occur in patients with concomitant usage of medications that could interfere with P450 enzymes system. Careful acquisition of drug history and serial ophthalmological examinations are advised in using hydroxychloroquine for disease management even for a short period of time.
Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Macular Degeneration , Macular Edema , Retinal Diseases , Humans , Female , Adult , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Vision Disorders/drug therapy , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy , Fluorescein AngiographyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a case of bilateral cystoid macular edema in a patient with long-standing tramadol hydrochloride use. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 73-year-old female patient was referred for progressive, bilateral decreased visual acuity. The patient was phakic with a best-corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/50 on the right eye and 20/64 on the left eye. The patient had a history of low back pain and had been on tramadol hydrochloride 200 mg/day for 16 years. Bilateral cystoid macular edema was confirmed by means of multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography. Tramadol intake was progressively reduced over one month and then completely interrupted. At 3 months follow-up, the cystoid macular edema had completely resolved and the best-corrected visual acuity improved in both eyes. CONCLUSION: Cystoid macular edema may be associated with longstanding treatment with tramadol hydrochloride. Tramadol hydrochloride-associated cystoid macular edema is described and its resolution on tramadol cessation.
Subject(s)
Macular Edema , Tramadol , Female , Humans , Aged , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Tramadol/adverse effects , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg (DEX; Ozurdex) monotherapy in the patient subgroup of the AUSSIEDEX study with treatment-naïve diabetic macular oedema (DME). METHODS: The open-label, prospective, phase 4, real-world study included pseudophakic eyes and phakic eyes scheduled for cataract surgery that were treatment-naïve or non-responsive to antivascular endothelial growth factors. No eyes were excluded based on baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or central subfield retinal thickness (CRT). After the initial DEX injection at the baseline visit, reinjection was permitted at ≥16-week intervals. Week-16 and week-52 visits were mandatory. Primary endpoints were changes in mean BCVA and CRT from baseline to 52 weeks. RESULTS: Of 200 eyes enrolled in the AUSSIEDEX study, 57 were treatment-naïve. Baseline mean BCVA was 58.8 letters and baseline mean CRT was 418.6 µm; changes in mean BCVA and CRT from baseline to 52 weeks in this subgroup were 3.4 letters (p=0.042) and -89.6 µm (p<0.001), respectively, with a mean 2.5 injections. The change in mean CRT from baseline was -55.8 µm at week 16 (p<0.001). The most common adverse event was increased intraocular pressure (IOP), with 20.0% of eyes requiring IOP-lowering medication. One patient was discontinued due to increased IOP. No eyes required filtration surgery. No serious, treatment-related ocular adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: In this largest prospective, real-world study of DEX monotherapy for DME to date, DEX significantly improved CRT and BCVA at 52 weeks in treatment-naïve eyes, without new safety concerns, supporting DEX use in treatment-naïve DME. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02731911.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Retinopathy , Macular Edema , Humans , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/chemically induced , Prospective Studies , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Drug Implants , Intravitreal Injections , Visual Acuity , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To present a novel case that developed annular choroidal detachment after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody injection in a patient after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old Japanese man presented visual impairment in the right eye. Ophthalmological examination revealed macular edema in the right eye, which suggested the possibility of age-related macular degeneration. Following the intravitreal aflibercept injection, the annular choroidal detachment was observed in the injected eye. As hypotony or thick sclera was not observed, choroidal detachment seemed to have appeared due to enhanced inflammation by intravitreal injection. The patient had a history of stage IV paranasal cavity cancer and was treated with nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The immune response might have been enhanced due to the use of nivolumab so that intravitreal injection triggered inflammation. Three weeks after sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, macular edema and choroidal detachment improved. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal aflibercept injection caused annular choroidal detachment in our patient, presumably because the immune system was activated after nivolumab treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of annular choroidal detachment that developed after intravitreal injection in a patient with a history of nivolumab therapy. With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with various cancers, clinicians should be aware of these potentially associated immune-related adverse events.