Three Cases of Mandibular Ossifying Fibroma in Cattle.

Neoplastic masses were evaluated in the rostral region of the mandible of three young adult cattle. In all three cases, the masses were macroscopically large, firm, ulcerated, infiltrative, whitish and solid, and led to tooth displacement and loss. Radiographically, the neoplastic masses were intraosseous and radiolucent with foci of radiopacity. Loss of radiopacity due to bone necrosis was seen in the mandibular bone adjacent to the neoplasms. Histologically, well-differentiated, infiltrative non-encapsulated mesenchymal neoplastic proliferation replaced the mandibular bone and extended to the oral mucosa in all three cases. The neoplastic cells had scant cytoplasm and fusiform or oval hyperchromatic nuclei with loose chromatin, and were arranged in bundles in various directions. Within the neoplastic tissue, there were mineralized bone trabeculae and unmineralized osteoid, lined by a layer of osteoblasts and osteocytes within the lacunae. The pre-existing bone tissue adjacent to the neoplasm had areas of necrosis and osteoclasis of variable extent and intensity. Based on the macroscopic, radiographic and microscopic findings, a diagnosis of mandibular ossifying fibroma was established in all three cattle.

Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in a captive Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common oral neoplasm in domestic cats, but there are only a few reports in wild felids. A captive 10-years-old, female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), with history of chronic renal disease and serologically positive for Leishmania sp. developed a lytic mandibular nodule that was histologically diagnosed as SCC. At necropsy was also observed an exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, which was considered an incidental finding, and a chronic lympho-plasmocytic interstitial nephritis associated with a membranous glomerulopathy, compatible with the chronic renal disease presented by the animal. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an invasive and non-metastatic mandibular SCC in a Siberian tiger.

Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in a captive Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common oral neoplasm in domestic cats, but there are only a few reports in wild felids. A captive 10-years-old, female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), with history of chronic renal disease and serologically positive for Leishmania sp. developed a lytic mandibular nodule that was histologically diagnosed as SCC. At necropsy was also observed an exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, which was considered an incidental finding, and a chronic lympho-plasmocytic interstitial nephritis associated with a membranous glomerulopathy, compatible with the chronic renal disease presented by the animal. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an invasive and non-metastatic mandibular SCC in a Siberian tiger.(AU)

Cytologic features of a feline inductive odontogenic tumor.

The feline inductive odontogenic tumor (FIOT) is a rare entity among oral tumors in cats, the cytologic features of which are not well characterized but may prove useful. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed on the right mandible between the permanent canine (404) and permanent fourth premolar (408) of an 8-month-old female mongrel cat. Cytologic smears showed epithelial cells and occasional spindle cells with extracellular homogenous acidophilic material in a hematic background. The initial diagnosis of benign tumor was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen. This report describes the cytologic findings in a case of FIOT.

Exérese de um hemangiossarcoma por hemímandibulectomia parcial / Excision of a hemangiosarcoma by partial hemímandibulectomia / Supresión de un hemangiosarcoma por hemímandibulectomia parcial

Com o aumento do tempo médio de vida dos animais, cresce também a incidência de doenças relacionadas à idade, sendo que o câncer é responsável por um elevado número de animais acometidos. O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia maligna de origem endotelial vascular cujo principal sítio é o baço, podendo ocorrer em vários outros sítios como pele, fígado, pulmões, rins, ossos e, como neste relato de caso, em cavidade oral. Os cães são acometidos com maior frequência do que outras espécies, sobretudo aqueles na faixa etária entre 8 e 13 anos, podendo ocorrer em animais de outras faixas etárias. O diagnóstico mais preciso é feito através de exame histopatológico, mas também pode ser complementado com exames citológicos, radiográficos e ultrassonográficos, aliado ao histórico clínico do paciente. O tratamento baseia-se na excisão cirúrgica e quimioterapia adjuvante, sendo que neste caso o protocolo cirúrgico preconizado foi o de Hemimandíbulectomia parcial.

With the increase in the average time of animais' lives, grows also the incidence of age-related diseases, cancer is responsible for a high number of animais affected. The hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial origin whose main site is the spleen, and may occur in several other places as skin, liver, lungs, kidneys, and bones, as in this case report, in the oral cavity. Dogs are affected more frequently than other species, especially those aged between 8 and 13 years, and may occur in animais from other age groups. The most accurate diagnosis is made through histopathological exam, but can also be complemented with cytological examination, radiological and ultrassonográficos, coupled with the clinical history of the patient. The treatment is based on the surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy, in which case the surgical Protocol advocated was to partial Hemimandíbulectomia.

Con el aumento en el tiempo promedio de vida de los animales, crece también la incidencia de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad, el cáncer es responsable de un elevado número de animales afectados. El hemangiosarcoma es una neoplasia maligna de origen endotelial vascular cuya sede principal es el bazo y puede ocurrir en varios otros lugares como piei, hígado, pulmones, rinones y huesos, al igual que en este informe del caso, en la cavidad bucal. Los perros se ven afectados con más frecuencia que otras especies, especialmente los de edades com prendidas entre 8 y 13 anos y pueden ocurrir en los animales de otros grupos de edad. La diagnosis más exacta se realiza mediante examen histopatológico, pero también puede ser complementada con examen citológico, radiológico y ultrassonográficos, juntada con la historia clínica del paciente. El tratamiento se basa en la quimioterapia adyuvante y excisión quirúrgica, en que caso el protocolo quirúrgico defendido debía Hemimandíbulectomia parcial.

Exérese de um hemangiossarcoma por hemímandibulectomia parcial / Excision of a hemangiosarcoma by partial hemímandibulectomia / Supresión de un hemangiosarcoma por hemímandibulectomia parcial

Com o aumento do tempo médio de vida dos animais, cresce também a incidência de doenças relacionadas à idade, sendo que o câncer é responsável por um elevado número de animais acometidos. O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia maligna de origem endotelial vascular cujo principal sítio é o baço, podendo ocorrer em vários outros sítios como pele, fígado, pulmões, rins, ossos e, como neste relato de caso, em cavidade oral. Os cães são acometidos com maior frequência do que outras espécies, sobretudo aqueles na faixa etária entre 8 e 13 anos, podendo ocorrer em animais de outras faixas etárias. O diagnóstico mais preciso é feito através de exame histopatológico, mas também pode ser complementado com exames citológicos, radiográficos e ultrassonográficos, aliado ao histórico clínico do paciente. O tratamento baseia-se na excisão cirúrgica e quimioterapia adjuvante, sendo que neste caso o protocolo cirúrgico preconizado foi o de Hemimandíbulectomia parcial.(AU)

With the increase in the average time of animais' lives, grows also the incidence of age-related diseases, cancer is responsible for a high number of animais affected. The hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial origin whose main site is the spleen, and may occur in several other places as skin, liver, lungs, kidneys, and bones, as in this case report, in the oral cavity. Dogs are affected more frequently than other species, especially those aged between 8 and 13 years, and may occur in animais from other age groups. The most accurate diagnosis is made through histopathological exam, but can also be complemented with cytological examination, radiological and ultrassonográficos, coupled with the clinical history of the patient. The treatment is based on the surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy, in which case the surgical Protocol advocated was to partial Hemimandíbulectomia.(AU)

Con el aumento en el tiempo promedio de vida de los animales, crece también la incidencia de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad, el cáncer es responsable de un elevado número de animales afectados. El hemangiosarcoma es una neoplasia maligna de origen endotelial vascular cuya sede principal es el bazo y puede ocurrir en varios otros lugares como piei, hígado, pulmones, rinones y huesos, al igual que en este informe del caso, en la cavidad bucal. Los perros se ven afectados con más frecuencia que otras especies, especialmente los de edades com prendidas entre 8 y 13 anos y pueden ocurrir en los animales de otros grupos de edad. La diagnosis más exacta se realiza mediante examen histopatológico, pero también puede ser complementada con examen citológico, radiológico y ultrassonográficos, juntada con la historia clínica del paciente. El tratamiento se basa en la quimioterapia adyuvante y excisión quirúrgica, en que caso el protocolo quirúrgico defendido debía Hemimandíbulectomia parcial.(AU)

A utilização da radioterapia como terapia adjuvante no tratamento do melanoma oral em um cão / Radiation Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Melanoma in a Dog

Background: Canine oral melanoma is highly aggressive, with an infi ltrative and metastatic behavior. The staging scheme for dogs with oral melanoma is primarily based on size, with stage I = < 2 cm diameter tumor, stage II = 2 cm to < 4 cm diameter tumor, stage III = 4 cm or greater tumor and/or lymph node metastasis and stage IV = distant metastasis. Surgery and radiation therapy are commonly used for local treatment of oral melanoma. Surgery must be aggressive and wide excision, such as partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, can be declined by owners. Median survival times for dogs with oral melanoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy is approximately seventeen, five and three months with stage I, II and III disease, respectively. Radiation therapy plays a role in the local treatment of canine melanoma when the tumor is not surgically resectable, the tumor has been removed with incomplete margins and/or the melanoma has metastasized to local lymph nodes without further distant metastasis. Case: A dog with stage III oral melanoma was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The protocol consisted of three 8 gy radiation fractions (days 0, 7 and 21) delivered by an orthovoltage unit. Energy of 120 kV, 15 mA e 2 mm aluminum filter were used. Collimator size was 6 x 8 cm and source to skin distance was 30 cm. Dose rate was 187 cgy/minute delivered at 1 cm tissue depth, with the animal positioned in left recumbency. Treatment field included visible tumor plus a three cm margin. Lead sheets of 2 mm thickness were used to protect normal tissues around tumor. The dog was anesthetized with propofol (5 mg/kg EV) for correct position every radiation fraction. The chemotherapy consisted of four cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2 intravenously) administered every 21 days. The radiation therapy was well tolerated, and the only acute reaction observed in the irradiated field was epilation. The tumor had a partial remission of about 90% of the lesion, which was stable for six months. Discussion: The reported dog had a mandibular melanoma greater than 4 cm diameter with no evidence of regional or distant metastasis, and was diagnosed as having stage III disease. The animal was referred for radiation therapy because of non-acceptance of the owner to carry out the hemimandibulectomy, believing that the animal would have decreased quality of life to have a short survival even with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was delivered with palliative intention to reduce tumor size and animal discomfort. With radiation therapy and chemotherapy, survival time was six months, exceeding the median survival for patients with stage III treated with wide surgical excision and chemotherapy (that would be three months), without showing side effects that diminish its quality of life. Systemic chemotherapy was used in the reported case with the purposes of acting as a radiopotentiation agent and delaying development of metastasis. Carboplatin has been used as radiopotentiation agent because it interferes with DNA synthesis. In the reported case, chemotherapy was well tolerated. Common radiation side effects include stomatitis, glossitis, skin epilation, erythema and desquamation. In the reported dog, treatment was very well tolerated, and only skin epilation was observed. Radiation therapy can be considered as an alternative option for oral melanoma when wide surgical resection is declined by owners.

Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare analgesic effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen administered alone and in combination and their effects on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. ANIMALS: 42 dogs with oral neoplasms. PROCEDURES: 30 minutes before the end of surgery, dogs received SC injections of tramadol (2 mg/kg), codeine (2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg), tramadol+ketoprofen, or codeine+ketoprofen (at the aforementioned dosages). Physiologic variables, analgesia, and sedation were measured before (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 hours after surgery. Blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum IL-6 concentrations were measured 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after administration of analgesics. RESULTS: All treatments provided adequate postoperative analgesia. Significant increases in mean+/-SD blood glucose concentrations were detected in dogs receiving tramadol (96+/-14 mg/dL), codeine (120+/-66 mg/dL and 96+/-21 mg/dL), ketoprofen (105+/-22 mg/dL), and codeine+ketoprofen (104+/-16 mg/dL) at 5, 1 and 3, 5, and 3 hours after analgesic administration, respectively, compared with preoperative (baseline) values. There were no significant changes in physiologic variables, serum IL-6 concentrations, or serum cortisol concentrations. Dogs administered codeine+ketoprofen had light but significant sedation at 4, 5, and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Opioids alone or in combination with an NSAID promoted analgesia without adverse effects during the 24-hour postoperative period in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for removal of oral neoplasms.

Compound odontoma in three dogs.

Three young, female dogs were operated for compound odontoma. All tumors were considered stage III with treatment consisting of partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy. Microscopic examination of the resected tissue confirmed the diagnosis. Relatively aggressive, resective surgery resulted in prolonged tumor-free intervals.

Evaluation of a modified hemimandibulectomy for treatment of oral neoplasms in dogs.

A modified hemimandibulectomy was performed for treatment of oral neoplasms in 21 dogs. Intra- and postoperative evaluations included assessment of procedure difficulty, complications, mastication, cosmesis, and the time interval between surgery and recurrence of the neoplasm or clinical evidence of metastasis. Malignant melanoma was the most common neoplasm treated using this technique. The modified hemimandibulectomy was uncomplicated with minimal intraoperative hemorrhage. Three dogs had difficult mastication at 24-hours following surgery, while 5 dogs had partial wound dehiscence. Wound infection was diagnosed in 1 dog. All owners considered the postoperative outcome to provide acceptable cosmesis. Local neoplasm recurrence was documented in 5 dogs and distant (pulmonary) metastasis was diagnosed in 5 different dogs following surgery. The technical modification described in this study seemed to provide for improved mastication during the acute postoperative period compared with other hemimandibulectomy techniques performed by the authors.