ABSTRACT
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el desarrollo de la producción científica según año y revistas; determinar la estructura temática e identificar la red de coautoría de la literatura sobre micotoxinas en el análisis de los alimentos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con indicadores bibliométricos y mapas de visualización, en el que se usó la base de datos Scopus de los documentos incluidos desde el año 2011 al 2020. Se consideraron 453 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 382 artículos de investigación y 71 revisiones. El promedio de citas por artículo varió anualmente entre 6 (2019) y 40,5 (2012). La revista más productiva fue Mycotoxin Research, de la editorial Springer Nature. En el mapa de coocurrencias se obtuvieron 5 clústeres de descriptores. En el mapa de coautoría se hallaron 21 clústeres, 14 de ellos correspondieron a autores que investigaron en coautoría. El desarrollo científico tuvo una producción anual no uniforme, con crecimiento lento. La estructura temática según la red de coocurrencia indica que el término más frecuente es micotoxinas, correspondiente al enfoque micotoxinas que influyen en la salud pública del primer clúster. La red de coautoría indica que el 98,2 por ciento de los artículos fueron elaborados en coautoría y el autor más productivo fue Krska Rudolf, de la Queen's University Belfast, con 24 artículos(AU)
The purpose of the study was to identify the development of scientific production by year and journal, determine the thematic structure and identify the co-authorship network of the literature about mycotoxins in food analysis. A descriptive study was conducted of documents published in the database Scopus from 2011 to 2020, using bibliometric indicators and visualization maps. A total 453 articles were included which met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 382 were research articles and 71 were reviews. The average annual number of citations per article ranged from 6 in 2019 to 40.5 in 2012. The most productive journal was Mycotoxin Research from Springer Nature publishers. The co-occurrence map displayed five descriptor clusters, whereas the co-authorship map displayed 21 clusters, 14 of which corresponded to authors researching in co-authorship. Scientific development had a non-uniform, slowly growing annual output. The thematic structure according to the co-occurrence network shows that the most frequent term is mycotoxins, corresponding to mycotoxins influencing public health from the first cluster. The co-authorship network shows that 98.2percent of the articles were co-authored, and the most productive author was Krska Rudolf, from Queen's University, Belfast, with 24 articles(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bibliometrics , Bibliometrics , Food Analysis/methods , Mycotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors , Peru , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Maps as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Designing public health policies to target the needs of specific places requires highly granular data. When geographic health statistics from official sources are absent or lacking in spatial detail, Sanitary Vulnerability metrics derived from Census and other georeferenced public data can be used to identify areas in particular need of attention. With that aim, a Vulnerability Map was developed, identifying areas with a substantial deficit in its population health coverage. As a result a novel methodology for measuring Sanitary Vulnerability is presented, that can potentially be applied to different time periods or geographies. METHODS: Census, official listings of public health facilities and crowdsourced georeferenced data are used. The Vulnerability Index is built using dimensionality reduction techniques such as Autoencoders and Non-parametric PCA. MAIN RESULTS: The high resolution map shows the geographical distribution of a Sanitary Vulnerability Index, produced using official and crowdsourced open data sources, overcoming the lack of official sources on health indicators at the local level. CONCLUSIONS: The Sanitary Vulnerability Map's value as a tool for place specific policymaking was validated by using it to predict local health related metrics such as health coverage. Further lines of work contemplate using the Map to study the interaction between Sanitary Vulnerability and the prevalence of different diseases, and also applying its methodology in the context of other public services such as education, security, housing, etc.
Subject(s)
Maps as Topic , Sanitation , Vulnerable Populations , Argentina , Humans , Policy Making , Public PolicyABSTRACT
Con esta guía se busca poder consolidar el ordenamiento territorial según los territorios y sectores, recabar información importante de la fuente directa, misma que será un insumo trascendental para definir el tipo de servicios que se necesitan brindar en cada ubicación, al contar con información importante del terreno, la distribución de las viviendas y de la población que son determinantes para la programación de las acciones intra y extramuros, así como para la promoción de acciones sanitarias. Este recurso es importante para implementar y definir la cartera de servicios de salud así como la estrategia de las Redes Integradas de Servicios de Salud dentro del marco de la Atención Primaria en Salud, con la cual se espera poder fortalecer la atención integral e integrada a la población en general. El Croquis es un recurso indispensable para la planificación, programación, organización y monitoreo de los servicios que entregan los equipos de salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rural Population , Urban Population , Health Systems , Demography/methods , Topography, Medical/instrumentation , Epidemiological Monitoring , Geographic Mapping , Health Services , Maps as Topic , Topography/methods , GuatemalaABSTRACT
Tropical small-scale fisheries are typical for providing complex multivariate data, due to their diversity in fishing techniques and highly diverse species composition. In this paper we used for the first time a supervised Self-Organizing Map (xyf-SOM), to recognize and understand the internal heterogeneity of a tropical marine small-scale fishery, using as model the fishery fleet of San Pedro port, Tabasco, Mexico. We used multivariate data from commercial logbooks, including the following four factors: fish species (47), gear types (bottom longline, vertical line+shark longline and vertical line), season (cold, warm), and inter-annual variation (2007-2012). The size of the xyf-SOM, a fundamental characteristic to improve its predictive quality, was optimized for the minimum distance between objects and the maximum prediction rate. The xyf-SOM successfully classified individual fishing trips in relation to the four factors included in the model. Prediction percentages were high (80-100%) for bottom longline and vertical line + shark longline, but lower prediction values were obtained for vertical line (51-74%) fishery. A confusion matrix indicated that classification errors occurred within the same fishing gear. Prediction rates were validated by generating confidence interval using bootstrap. The xyf-SOM showed that not all the fishing trips were targeting the most abundant species and the catch rates were not symmetrically distributed around the mean. Also, the species composition is not homogeneous among fishing trips. Despite the complexity of the data, the xyf-SOM proved to be an excellent tool to identify trends in complex scenarios, emphasizing the diverse and complex patterns that characterize tropical small scale-fishery fleets.
Subject(s)
Fisheries , Animals , Cluster Analysis , Conservation of Natural Resources , Fishes , Maps as Topic , Mexico , SeasonsABSTRACT
O estudo analisa o "boom" demográfico das populações escravas de origem africana nas áreas de plantation a partir dos Mapas Estatísticos do Maranhão. Em especial, focalizamos a freguesia do Rosário do Itapecuru utilizando outras fontes documentais - inventários post mortem e registros paroquiais de batismo. Os Mapas de 1798 e 1821 possibilitaram evidenciar o perfil sexual, etário, étnico e a condição jurídica da população, mostrando a importância da população escrava nas áreas de cultivo do algodão e arroz, que chegava a quase 80% dos residentes. Essas populações, por sua vez, guardavam algumas particularidades em relação a outras áreas de plantation do Estado do Brasil, como, por exemplo, a razão de sexo marcada pela quase paridade entre homens e mulheres.
The study analyzes the demographic boom of African slave populations in the plantation areas from the Mapas de População of Maranhão. In particular, we focus on the parish of Rosário do Itapecuru using other sources - post-mortem inventories and parish baptismal records. The maps from 1798 and 1821 made it possible to evidence the gender, age, ethnicity and legal status of the resident population as well as show the importance of slave population in cotton and rice crop areas, reaching almost 80% of residents. These populations, in turn, presented certain peculiarities in relation to other plantation areas in the State of Brazil, such as the sex ratio marked by the almost parity between men and women.
El estudio analiza el boom de las poblaciones esclavas de origen africano en las áreas de plantación a partir de los Mapas Estadísticos de Maranhão. En particular, nos centramos en la parroquia Rosario del Itapecurú utilizando otras fuentes documentales: inventarios post mortem y registros parroquiales de bautismo. Los mapas de 1798 y 1821 posibilitaron evidenciar el perfil sexual, la edad, la condición étnica y jurídica de la población residente y muestran la importancia de la población esclava en las áreas de cultivo de algodón y de arroz, que llega a casi 80% de los residentes. Estas poblaciones mantenían a su vez algunas peculiaridades en relación con otras áreas de plantación del Estado de Brasil, por ejemplo, la proporción de sexos marcada por la casi paridad entre hombres y mujeres.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Population , Colonialism/history , Censuses/history , Enslavement/history , Brazil , Crop Production , Family Characteristics , Sex Distribution , Black People/history , Enslavement/economics , Maps as TopicABSTRACT
Abstract Geographic Profiling technique is used to find the origin of a series of crimes. The method was recently extended to other fields. One of the best renowned data in epidemiology is that by John Snow during an outburst of cholera in London. We wrote Python scripts to perform the analyses to apply the Geographic Profiling for individuating the starting origin of an infection by using the old Snow's data set. We modified the method by applying a weight to each point of the map where cases of cholera were reported. The weight was proportional to the number of cases in a given location.This modification of the Geographic Profiling method allowed to individuate in the map an area of maximum probability of the infection source, which was a few meters wide and including the historically known source of cholera, that is the "classical" water pump at Broad Street.The method appears to be a useful complement in order to individuate the source of epidemics when available data about the cases of the infections can be summarized on a map.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cholera/epidemiology , Geographic Information Systems , Geographic Mapping , Maps as Topic , Programming Languages , Reproducibility of Results , Topography, Medical , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Italy/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Geographic Profiling technique is used to find the origin of a series of crimes. The method was recently extended to other fields. One of the best renowned data in epidemiology is that by John Snow during an outburst of cholera in London. We wrote Python scripts to perform the analyses to apply the Geographic Profiling for individuating the starting origin of an infection by using the old Snow's data set. We modified the method by applying a weight to each point of the map where cases of cholera were reported. The weight was proportional to the number of cases in a given location. This modification of the Geographic Profiling method allowed to individuate in the map an area of maximum probability of the infection source, which was a few meters wide and including the historically known source of cholera, that is the "classical" water pump at Broad Street. The method appears to be a useful complement in order to individuate the source of epidemics when available data about the cases of the infections can be summarized on a map.
Subject(s)
Cholera/epidemiology , Geographic Information Systems , Geographic Mapping , Maps as Topic , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Programming Languages , Reproducibility of Results , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Topography, MedicalABSTRACT
This work describes the origin of the different locations that Casa de Orates (Madhouse) has occupied in Chile. The locations of this institution at the Yungay and Chimba neighborhoods area are specially analyzed. Moreover, the sad and poorly known incident involving the national Madhouse of Providencia is narrated.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Maps as Topic , Chile , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Psychiatry/historyABSTRACT
This work describes the origin of the different locations that Casa de Orates (Madhouse) has occupied in Chile. The locations of this institution at the Yungay and Chimba neighborhoods area are specially analyzed. Moreover, the sad and poorly known incident involving the national Madhouse of Providencia is narrated.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Maps as Topic , Psychiatry/history , ChileABSTRACT
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a rare form of autosomal dominant ataxia found predominantly in patients from Latin America with Amerindian ancestry. The authors report the history of SCA10 families from the south of Brazil (the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina), emphasizing the Belgian-Amerindian connection.
A ataxia espinocerebellar tipo 10 (AEC10) é uma forma rara de ataxia cerebelar autossômica dominante, encontrada predominantemente em pacientes da América Latina, de origem Ameríndia. Os autores relatam a história de famílias com AEC10 do sul do Brasil (estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina), enfatizando a conexão Ameríndia-Belga.
Subject(s)
Humans , Indians, South American/ethnology , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/ethnology , Belgium/ethnology , Brazil/ethnology , DNA Repeat Expansion , Maps as Topic , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a rare form of autosomal dominant ataxia found predominantly in patients from Latin America with Amerindian ancestry. The authors report the history of SCA10 families from the south of Brazil (the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina), emphasizing the Belgian-Amerindian connection.
Subject(s)
Indians, South American/ethnology , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/ethnology , Belgium/ethnology , Brazil/ethnology , DNA Repeat Expansion , Humans , Maps as Topic , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Since 1972, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared noise as a pollutant. Over the last decades, the quality of the urban environment has attracted the interest of researchers due to the growing urban sprawl, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of noise exposure in six urban soundscapes: Areas with high and low levels of noise in scenarios of leisure, work, and home. Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in two steps: Evaluation of noise levels, with the development of noise maps, and health related inquiries. 180 individuals were interviewed, being 60 in each scenario, divided into 30 exposed to high level of noise and 30 to low level. Chi-Square test and Ordered Logistic Regression Model (P < 0,005). 70% of the interviewees reported noticing some source of noise in the selected scenarios and it was observed an association between exposure and perception of some source of noise (P < 0.001). 41.7% of the interviewees reported some degree of annoyance, being that this was associated with exposure (P < 0.001). There was also an association between exposure in different scenarios and reports of poor quality of sleep (P < 0.001). In the scenarios of work and home, the chance of reporting annoyance increased when compared with the scenario of leisure. We conclude that the use of this sort of assessment may clarify the relationship between urban noise exposure and health.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Noise/adverse effects , Urban Population , Adult , Cities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Leisure Activities , Loudness Perception , Male , Maps as Topic , Middle Aged , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Noise, Transportation/adverse effects , Portugal , Quality of Life , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The history of the location of the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine North Campus is derived from a farm of Pedro de Valdivia founder of the city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura and governor of the Reyno de Chile. This work narrates succinctly the history of this particular location from the Spanish Conquest period to present days.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, University/history , Schools, Medical/history , Chile , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Maps as TopicABSTRACT
Rabies is a viral infectious disease that affects all mammals, including humans. Factors associated with the incidence of rabies include the presence and density of susceptible hosts and potential reservoirs. Currently, Chile is declared free of canine-related rabies, but there is an overpopulation of dogs within the country and an emergence of rabies in bats. Our objectives are to determine potential areas for bat-borne rabies spillover into dog populations expressed as a risk map, and to explore some key features of dog ownership, abundance, and management in Chile. For the risk map, our variables included a dog density surface (dog/km(2)) and a distribution model of bat-borne rabies presence. From literature review, we obtained dog data from 112 municipalities, which represent 33% of the total municipalities (339). At country level, based on previous studies the median human per dog ratio was 4.8, with 64% of houses containing at least one dog, and a median of 0.9 dog per house. We estimate a national median of 5.3 dog/km(2), and a median of 3680 dogs by municipality, from which we estimate a total population of 3.5×10(6) owned dogs. The antirabies vaccination presented a median of 21% of dogs by municipality, and 29% are unrestricted to some degree. Human per dog ratio have a significant (but weak) negative association with human density. Unrestricted dogs have a negative association with human density and income, and a positive association with the number of dogs per house. Considering dog density by municipality, and areas of potential bat-borne rabies occurrence, we found that 163 (â¼48%) of Chilean municipalities are at risk of rabies spillover from bats to dogs. Risk areas are concentrated in urban settlements, including Santiago, Chile's capital. To validate the risk map, we included cases of rabies in dogs from the last 27 years; all fell within high-risk areas of our map, confirming the assertive risk prediction. Our results suggest that the use of dog population parameters may be informative to determine risk areas for bat-rabies spillover events. In addition, we confirm that dog abundance is a neglected and emerging public health concern in Chile, particularly within urban areas, which deserves prompt intervention.
Subject(s)
Chiroptera/virology , Dog Diseases/transmission , Rabies/transmission , Animals , Censuses , Chile , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Dogs , Maps as Topic , Ownership , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/prevention & control , Rabies Vaccines/therapeutic use , Regression Analysis , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
In order to understand and take action in complex health and environmental issues, we intend to analyse the conditions that are needed for those at risk to participate in research and intervention projects. In this study, we describe and discuss an action research experience carried out with an indigenous community in the Brazilian Amazon that suffers from serious sanitary problems, where cultural aspects in the relationship with the environment and health are particularly relevant. Different types of tools were deployed and combined and were subsequently classified according to their dialectic efficacy and ability to both conduct and steer the research and encourage the participation of social actors within a process of feedback. Even tools that were considered to be non-dialectic proved to be important sources of feedback. We present a research flow as a model of analysis and a framework for implementing action research, in which challenges to the participation of social actors are classified according to their priority through a critical review of the methodology developed. These challenges are social mobilization, co-operation, appropriation and a proactive stance. We conclude that a cyclic combination of dialectic and non-dialectic tools can increase participation, which though difficult to achieve is nevertheless necessary. During the development of this process, social mobilization is a prerequisite, whereas a proactive stance, the highest level of participation, requires continuous effort and the successive deployment of a variety of tools.
Subject(s)
Community Participation/methods , Community-Based Participatory Research , Research Subjects/psychology , Rural Population , Brazil , Community Participation/psychology , Community-Based Participatory Research/methods , Health Promotion , Health Services Research/methods , Humans , Indians, South American/psychology , Maps as Topic , Power, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Actualmente el estudio de la concentración fúngica en ambientes interiores es de interés para los especialistas, pues los hongos pueden causar el biodeterioro de colecciones valiosas y resultan peligrosos para la salud humana ya que provocan alergias y otras enfermedades al hombre que está en contacto con ellos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar microbiológicamente el ambiente de la Mapoteca del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba y el polvo depositado sobre el mobiliario que conserva los mapas y planos en ese local. El estudio se ejecutó en un mes lluvioso y el muestreo microbiológico del aire se realizó empleando un método de sedimentación mientras que el polvo se colectó por aspiración. Los hongos se aislaron en medios de cultivo adecuados y los análisis se realizaron por triplicado. La concentración fúngica detectada en el aire fue inferior a las 750 UFC.m-3, por lo que el local se consideró POCO CONTAMINADO mientras en el polvo fue del orden de 105 UFC.g-1. Se detectaron los géneros Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Acremonium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Humicola, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Pestalotia y Trichoderma. Algunas de las especies fúngicas detectadas en el aire del local poseen importancia para el biodeterioro y la salud humana. Se reportan nuevos registros para el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba consistente en tres géneros (Epicoccum Link, Humicola Traaen y Pestalotia Not.), cuatro especies de Aspergillus Nees ex Fr. (A. alliaceus Thom y Church., A. auricomus (Gueren) Saito., A. ostianus Wehmer y A. chevalieri (Mangin) Thom y Church.), una especie de Cladosporium Link ex Fr. (C. caryigenum Ellis y Lang.), dos especies de Penicillium Link (P. canescens Sopp., P. janczewskii K.M. Zalessky) y una de Curvularia Boedijn (C. australiensis Manamgoda, Cai y Hyde).
Currently the study of indoor fungal concentration is of interest for specialists, because the fungi cause the biodeterioration of the valuable collections and they are dangerous to human health as they cause allergies and other diseases to man who is in touch with them. The objectives were to evaluate the microbiological environment of Map Library of National Archive of the Republic of Cuba and the dust deposited on the furniture that keeps the maps and plans in this local. The study was carried out in a rainy month, microbial air sampling was performed using a sedimentation method and the powder was collected by manual vacuum aspiration. The fungi were isolated in suitable culture media and analyzes were performed by triplicate. The fungal concentration was detected in the air below the 750 CFU.m-3, so that the place was considered slightly contaminated while the dust was around 105 CFU.g-1. The fungal genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Acremonium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Humicola, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Pestalotia and Trichoderma were detected. Some fungal species detected in the repository air have importance for human health and biodeterioration. New records to the National Archives of the Republic of Cuba are reported consists of three genera (Epicoccum Link, Humicola Traaen, Pestalotia Not.), four species of Aspergillus Nees ex Fr. (A. alliaceus Thom & Church., A. auricomus (Gueren) Saito., A. ostianus Wehmer. and A. chevalieri (Mangin) Thom y Church), one species of Cladosporium Link ex Fr. (C. caryigenum Ellis & Lang.), two species of Penicillium Link (P. canescens Sopp., P. janczewskii K.M. Zalessky) and one of Curvularia Boedijn (C. australiensis Manamgoda, Cai & Hyde .
Subject(s)
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Dust , Humidity , Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Fungi/growth & development , Fungi/pathogenicity , Maps as Topic , Particulate Matter/analysis , Temperature , Cuba , Environmental MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Fasciolosis affects different ruminant species and leads to great economic losses for cattle farmers worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate bovine fasciolosis prevalence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using slaughter maps provided by slaughterhouses and verifying the origin of cattle. : A map was created based on analysis of epidemiological data. The ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 software was employed in order to elaborate updated bioclimatic maps that displayed the fasciolosis prevalence within the state per city between 2009 and 2011.