Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Emergency Treatment , Multiple Trauma/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of early administration of fibrinogen concentrate in patients with severe trauma and hypofibrinogenemia. METHODS: We conducted an open randomized feasibility trial between December 2015 and January 2017 in patients with severe trauma admitted to the emergency department of a large trauma center. Patients presented with hypotension, tachycardia, and FIBTEM findings suggestive of hypofibrinogenemia. The intervention group received fibrinogen concentrate (50 mg/kg), and the control group did not receive early fibrinogen replacement. The primary outcome was feasibility assessed as the proportion of patients receiving the allocated treatment within 60 min after randomization. The secondary outcomes were transfusion requirements and other exploratory outcomes. Randomization was performed using sequentially numbered and sealed opaque envelopes. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02864875. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were randomized (16 in each group). All patients received the allocated treatment within 60 min after randomization (100%, 95% confidence interval, 86.7%-100%). The median length of intensive care unit stay was shorter in the intervention group (8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 5.75-10.0 vs. 11 days, IQR 8.5-16.0; p=0.02). There was no difference between the groups in other clinical outcomes. No adverse effects related to treatment were recorded in either group. CONCLUSION: Early fibrinogen replacement with fibrinogen concentrate was feasible. Larger trials are required to properly evaluate clinical outcomes.
Subject(s)
Afibrinogenemia , Fibrinogen/administration & dosage , Multiple Trauma , Afibrinogenemia/drug therapy , Feasibility Studies , Humans , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Thrombelastography , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of early administration of fibrinogen concentrate in patients with severe trauma and hypofibrinogenemia. METHODS: We conducted an open randomized feasibility trial between December 2015 and January 2017 in patients with severe trauma admitted to the emergency department of a large trauma center. Patients presented with hypotension, tachycardia, and FIBTEM findings suggestive of hypofibrinogenemia. The intervention group received fibrinogen concentrate (50 mg/kg), and the control group did not receive early fibrinogen replacement. The primary outcome was feasibility assessed as the proportion of patients receiving the allocated treatment within 60 min after randomization. The secondary outcomes were transfusion requirements and other exploratory outcomes. Randomization was performed using sequentially numbered and sealed opaque envelopes. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02864875. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were randomized (16 in each group). All patients received the allocated treatment within 60 min after randomization (100%, 95% confidence interval, 86.7%-100%). The median length of intensive care unit stay was shorter in the intervention group (8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 5.75-10.0 vs. 11 days, IQR 8.5-16.0; p=0.02). There was no difference between the groups in other clinical outcomes. No adverse effects related to treatment were recorded in either group. CONCLUSION: Early fibrinogen replacement with fibrinogen concentrate was feasible. Larger trials are required to properly evaluate clinical outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Fibrinogen/administration & dosage , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Afibrinogenemia/drug therapy , Thrombelastography , Feasibility Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new single-pass whole-body computed tomography Protocol in the management of patients with severe trauma. METHODS: This was a descriptive evaluation of polytrauma patients who underwent whole-body computed tomography. Patients were divided into three groups: 1. Blunt trauma hemodynamically stable 2. Blunt trauma hemodynamically unstable and 3. Penetrating trauma. Demographics, whole-body computed tomography parameters and outcome variables were evaluated. RESULTS: Were included 263 patients. Median injury severity score was 22 (IQR: 16-22). Time between arrival to the emergency department and completing the whole-body computed tomography was under 30 minutes in most patients [Group 1: 28 minutes (IQR: 14-55), Group 2: 29 minutes (IQR: 16-57), and Group 3: 31 minutes (IQR: 13-50; p= 0.96)]. 172 patients (65.4%) underwent non-operative management. The calculated and the real survival rates did not vary among the groups either [Group 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. real survival rate 85% (p= 0.69); Group 2: TRISS 69% vs. real survival rate 74% (p= 0.25); Group 3: TRISS 93% vs. real survival rate 87% (p= 0.07)]. CONCLUSION: This new single-pass whole-body computed tomography protocol was safe, effective and efficient to decide whether the patient with severe trauma requires a surgical intervention independently of the mechanism of injury or the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Its use could also potentially reduce the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions of patients with severe trauma including those with penetrating trauma.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la implementación de un nuevo protocolo de tomografía computarizada corporal total para el manejo de pacientes con trauma severo. MÉTODOS: Este estudio es una evaluación descriptiva de pacientes que recibieron tomografía computarizada corporal total. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 3 grupos: 1. Trauma cerrado hemodinámicamente estables, 2. Trauma cerrado hemodinámicamente inestables y 3. Trauma penetrante. Se evaluaron las características demográficas, parámetros relacionados con la técnica y los desenlaces de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 263 pacientes. La mediana del puntaje de severidad de la lesión fue 22 (RIQ: 16-22). El tiempo entre el ingreso a urgencias y completar la tomografía corporal total fue menor a 30 minutos en la mayoría de pacientes [Grupo 1: 28 minutos (RIQ: 14-55), Grupo 2: 29 minutos (RIQ: 16-57), y Grupo 3: 31 minutos (RIQ: 13-50; p= 0.96). 172 pacientes (65.4%) recibieron manejo no operatorio. Las tasas de supervivencia calculadas y reales no difirieron entre ninguno de los grupos [Grupo 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 85% (p= 0.69); Grupo 2: TRISS 69% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 74% (p= 0.25); Grupo 3: TRISS 93% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 87% (p= 0.07)]. CONCLUSIÓN: Este nuevo protocolo de tomografía corporal total de un solo pase fue seguro, efectivo y eficiente para definir si los pacientes con trauma severo requieren o no una intervención quirúrgica. Su uso podría reducir la tasa de intervenciones quirúrgicas innecesarias en estos pacientes incluyendo los que se presentan con trauma penetrante.
Subject(s)
Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Multiple Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Male , Middle Aged , Multidetector Computed Tomography/instrumentation , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Wounds, Penetrating/mortality , Wounds, Penetrating/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el politraumatismo por si solo constituye uno de los problemas más grandes de la sociedad moderna. Las lesiones traumáticas en Cuba aparecen en el quinto lugar entre las causas globales de muerte para todas las edades. Objetivo: determinar cómo incidió el factor tiempo en la organización de las acciones para la atención de urgencia al paciente politraumatizado. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, conformado por 183 pacientes politraumatizados, atendidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes del Hospital Provincial". José R. López Tabrane " de Matanzas, durante el año 2014. Las variables a considerar fueron: edad, sexo, tiempo en que recibieron las primeras acciones, tiempo de llegada al Hospital, factores asociados que influyeron en la aparición de injuria secundaria. Se utilizó la técnica estadística de análisis de distribución de frecuencias. Resultados: el mayor porcentaje de los pacientes (82,6 %) acudieron 4-6 h después de sufrido el traumatismo. Aparecieron factores como la hipotensión, la hipoxia (66,1 y 50,2 %) respectivamente, que tuvieron lesiones asociadas y fueron valoradas en la primera hora del traumatismo. Conclusiones: el trauma severo es una de las entidades prevenibles que más vida cobra en la sociedad. El sexo masculino y edades más productivas de la vida fueron los que más morbimortalidad presentaron. El hecho de que la mayor cantidad de estos pacientes arribaron al Hospital después de la hora dorada, propició un mayor número de complicaciones por el no control a tiempo de los elementos que forman la injuria secundaria (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: polytrauma, by itself, is one of the biggest problems of the modern society. Trauma lesions in Cuba are in the fifth place among the death global causes for all age groups. Objective: to determine how time factor had an impact in the actions organization for the emergency care to polytrauma patient. Materials and method: an observational study was performed in 183 poly-trauma patients who attended the Intensive Care Unit of the Provincial Hospital "Jose Ramón López Tabrane" of Matanzas during 2014. The considered variables were: age; sex; time of receiving the first actions; time of arrival to the hospital; associated factors influencing in the appearance of secondary injury. The authors used the statistic technique of analysis of frequency distribution. Results: the highest percent of patients (82.6 %) assisted the consultation 4-6 hours after suffering the trauma. There were found factors like hypotension and hypoxia (66.1 and 50.2 % respectively that had associated lesions and were assessed in the first hour of the trauma. Conclusions: acute trauma is one of the preventable entities taking more lives in the society. Male sex predominated and the more productive ages of life were the ones presenting more morbid-mortality. The fact that the biggest quantity of these patients arrived to the hospital after the golden hour favored a higher number of complications due to the untimely control of the elements forming the secondary injury (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Time Factors , Multiple Trauma/epidemiology , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care , Multiple Trauma/surgery , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Observational Study , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Trauma is the leading cause of death in the first four decades of life, responsible for 3.5 million deaths a year and carrying a high economic and social impact. Hemorrhagic shock is the consequence of injuries in these patients. Despite extensive knowledge about its pathophysiology and many replacement drugs and therapies, resuscitation of the intravascular volume sometimes is insufficient and ineffective. Hemorrhagic shock, resulting in macro and microvascular changes that favor the development of anaerobic metabolism, is associated with multiple complications that can lead to the demise of the patient. The purpose of this article is to describe the essential aspects that should be taken into account during the resuscitation of the intravascular volume of multiple trauma patients. We conducted a search and review of the available literature on the resuscitation of trauma patients. Reference searches were conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumed, SciELO, EBSCO, Hinari, Cochrane databases. We reviewed the historical evolution of volume replacement in the polytrauma patient, endothelial glycocalyx, changes in the Starling law paradigm, goal-guided resuscitation, the different fluids used during resuscitation, monitoring, and the concepts of damage control resuscitation and damage control surgery.
El trauma es la principal causa de muerte en las primeras cuatro décadas de la vida, responsable de 3,5 millones de muertes al año con un alto impacto económico y social. El estado de shock hemorrágico es la consecuencia de las lesiones en estos pacientes, donde a pesar de un amplio conocimiento de su fisiopatología e innumerables fármacos y terapias de reemplazo, a menudo es insuficiente e ineficaz para resucitar su volumen intravascular. Esta entidad produce alteraciones macro y microvasculares, que favorecen el desarrollo del metabolismo anaerobio. Se encuentra asociado a múltiples complicaciones que pueden derivar en la muerte del paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir aspectos esenciales para tener en cuenta durante la reanimación del volumen intravascular de pacientes politraumatizados. Se realizó una búsqueda y revisión de la literatura disponible sobre reanimación del paciente politraumatizado. Se efectuaron búsquedas de referencias en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumed, SciELO, EBSCO, Hinari, Cochrane. Se revisaron aspectos como la evolución histórica del reemplazo de volumen en el paciente politraumatizado, el glicocalix endotelial, los cambios en el paradigma de las leyes de Starling, la reanimación guiada por objetivos, los diferentes líquidos que se utilizan durante la reanimación, el monitoreo de estos y los conceptos de reanimación y cirugía de control de daños.
Subject(s)
Multiple Trauma/therapy , Resuscitation/methods , Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy , Fluid Therapy/methods , Humans , Multiple Trauma/complications , Shock, Hemorrhagic/etiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new single-pass whole-body computed tomography Protocol in the management of patients with severe trauma. Methods: This was a descriptive evaluation of polytrauma patients who underwent whole-body computed tomography. Patients were divided into three groups: 1. Blunt trauma hemodynamically stable 2. Blunt trauma hemodynamically unstable and 3. Penetrating trauma. Demographics, whole-body computed tomography parameters and outcome variables were evaluated. Results: Were included 263 patients. Median injury severity score was 22 (IQR: 16-22). Time between arrival to the emergency department and completing the whole-body computed tomography was under 30 minutes in most patients [Group 1: 28 minutes (IQR: 14-55), Group 2: 29 minutes (IQR: 16-57), and Group 3: 31 minutes (IQR: 13-50; p= 0.96)]. 172 patients (65.4%) underwent non-operative management. The calculated and the real survival rates did not vary among the groups either [Group 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. real survival rate 85% (p= 0.69); Group 2: TRISS 69% vs. real survival rate 74% (p= 0.25); Group 3: TRISS 93% vs. real survival rate 87% (p= 0.07)]. Conclusion: This new single-pass whole-body computed tomography protocol was safe, effective and efficient to decide whether the patient with severe trauma requires a surgical intervention independently of the mechanism of injury or the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Its use could also potentially reduce the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions of patients with severe trauma including those with penetrating trauma.
Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la implementación de un nuevo protocolo de tomografía computarizada corporal total para el manejo de pacientes con trauma severo. Métodos: Este estudio es una evaluación descriptiva de pacientes que recibieron tomografía computarizada corporal total. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 3 grupos: 1. Trauma cerrado hemodinámicamente estables, 2. Trauma cerrado hemodinámicamente inestables y 3. Trauma penetrante. Se evaluaron las características demográficas, parámetros relacionados con la técnica y los desenlaces de los pacientes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 263 pacientes. La mediana del puntaje de severidad de la lesión fue 22 (RIQ: 16-22). El tiempo entre el ingreso a urgencias y completar la tomografía corporal total fue menor a 30 minutos en la mayoría de pacientes [Grupo 1: 28 minutos (RIQ: 14-55), Grupo 2: 29 minutos (RIQ: 16-57), y Grupo 3: 31 minutos (RIQ: 13-50; p= 0.96). 172 pacientes (65.4%) recibieron manejo no operatorio. Las tasas de supervivencia calculadas y reales no difirieron entre ninguno de los grupos [Grupo 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 85% (p= 0.69); Grupo 2: TRISS 69% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 74% (p= 0.25); Grupo 3: TRISS 93% vs. Tasa real de supervivencia 87% (p= 0.07)]. Conclusión: Este nuevo protocolo de tomografía corporal total de un solo pase fue seguro, efectivo y eficiente para definir si los pacientes con trauma severo requieren o no una intervención quirúrgica. Su uso podría reducir la tasa de intervenciones quirúrgicas innecesarias en estos pacientes incluyendo los que se presentan con trauma penetrante.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging , Multiple Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Time Factors , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Wounds, Penetrating/mortality , Wounds, Penetrating/therapy , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Injury Severity Score , Survival Rate , Multidetector Computed Tomography/instrumentationABSTRACT
Introdução: Lesões geradas por queimaduras representam um importante problema de saúde pública, constituindo a quarta causa de morte na infância no Brasil e Estados Unidos. Além disso, poucas são as doenças que trazem prejuízos tão importantes, com considerável morbidade pelo desenvolvimento de sequelas físicas e psicossociais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é traçar o perfil epidemiológico de crianças de 0-18 anos atendidas em um hospital escola de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado através da análise de 625 prontuários de internação de crianças de 0-18 anos vítimas de queimaduras, entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2017. Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, sexo, tempo de internação, óbito, região corporal atingida, extensão da superfície corporal, grau de profundidade, agente etiológico e abordagem terapêutica. Resultados: A maior parte da amostra era composta por lactentes (43%), com média de idade de 12,6 anos. O sexo mais afetado foi o masculino e os pacientes permaneceram cerca de 14,5 dias internados. No estudo, 98% das queimaduras apresentaram como etiologia o agente térmico, principalmente por líquido quente. Em relação ao grau de profundidade, a maioria das queimaduras foram de 2º grau (61,3%), atingindo até 25% de superfície corporal queimada (SCQ), sendo o tronco o mais afetado. Dentre as modalidades de tratamento, 44% dos pacientes necessitaram de intervenção cirúrgica com debridamento e enxertia. Conclusão: Crianças mais novas são mais propensas a sofrerem queimaduras principalmente no ambiente domiciliar e, além disso, uma equipe preparada e capacitada é de crucial importância no prognóstico destes doentes.
Introduction: Injuries caused by burns represent a significant public health problem, constituting the fourth leading cause of childhood death in Brazil and the United States. In addition, few diseases carry such substantial losses as burns, with considerable morbidity due to the development of physical and psychosocial sequelae. This study aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of 018-year-old children treated for burns at a teaching hospital in Curitiba, Paraná. Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study involved analysis of 625 medical records of 018-year-old children who were victims of burns from January 2010 to December 2017. Information was collected on age, sex, length of hospitalization, death, body region affected, burned body surface area (BSA), depth, etiologic agent, and therapeutic approach. Results: A plurality of the sample were infants (43%), and the average age of the sample was 12.6 years. Most of the sample was comprised males, and the patients remained hospitalized for an average of 14.5 days. Of the burns, 98% were caused by thermal agents, particularly hot liquids. Most burns were second-degree burns (61.3%), reaching up to 25% of the BSA, and the most affected region was the trunk. Among the treatment modalities, 44% of the patients needed surgical intervention with debridement and grafting. Conclusion: Younger children are more prone to burns, especially in the home environment. A prepared and qualified team is of crucial importance for optimizing outcomes in these patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Health Profile , Burns , Multiple Trauma , Health Surveys , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Surgery, Plastic/statistics & numerical data , Burns/surgery , Burns/therapy , Multiple Trauma/surgery , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Health Surveys/methods , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción: La principal causa de mortalidad temprana en pacientes politraumatizados es la hipovolemia secundaria a hemorragia masiva. La terapia con hemocomponentes y cristaloides constituye un mecanismo esencial y salvavidas en estas situaciones como medida de reemplazo de volumen. De la misma manera los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas graves tienen una disminución aguda significativa en el recuento de plaquetas circulantes que los hace candidatos a la transfusión de componentes plaquetarios; sin embargo, el uso de estos componentes sanguíneos puede traer consigo desenlaces no deseados como aumento en la mortalidad. Si bien muchos estudios revelan un aumento de la mortalidad como desenlace asociado al uso de hemocomponentes, otros establecen su uso como una medida reductora de este desenlace. Objetivo: Exponer las principales indicaciones de hemocomponentes en los pacientes politraumatizados, así como relacionar los eventos adversos asociados a su uso que influyen sobre la mortalidad y el tiempo de hospitalización de estos pacientes. Desarrollo: La mortalidad asociada al uso de hemocomponentes aún es un tema controvertido. En la hemorragia masiva el apoyo transfusional rápido y eficiente es esencial en el tratamiento y la atención de politraumatismos, de ahí que sea necesario contar con protocolos de transfusión que mejoren los resultados y disminuyan las complicaciones. Además, se identificó la necesidad de nuevos estudios sobre el tema para mejorar estos protocolos y reducir las complicaciones.(AU)
Introduction: The main cause of early mortality in polytrauma patients is hypovolemia secondary to massive hemorrhage. Hemocomponent and crystalloid therapy is an essential and life-saving mechanism in these situations as a measure of volume replacement. In the same way, patients with severe traumatic injuries have a significant acute decrease in circulating platelet counts that makes them candidates for transfusion of platelet components; However, the use of these blood components can lead to unwanted outcomes such as increased mortality. Although many studies reveal an increase in mortality as an outcome associated with the use of blood components, others establish its use as a reducing measure of this outcome. Objective: to present the main indications of blood components in polytrauma patients, as well as to relate the adverse events associated with their use that influence the mortality and hospitalization time of these patients. Devlopment: Mortality associated with the use of blood components is still a controversial issue. In massive hemorrhage, rapid and efficient transfusion support is essential in the treatment and care of polytrauma, hence it is necessary to have transfusion protocols that improve results and reduce complications. In addition, the need for new studies on the subject to improve these protocols and reduce complications was identified(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Blood Component Transfusion/methods , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Blood Component Transfusion/adverse effects , Emergency MedicineABSTRACT
The management of patients, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, who refuse to receive blood transfusions, is often a medical challenge, not only because of the ethical dilemma, but also because it creates a major obstacle to rapid hemorrhage control in a setting of trauma. This article explores the reasons for this conflict between the physician's duty of care and the respect for the patient's autonomy, and draws a panorama of the main understandings of the Judiciary on the subject. Finally, it is concluded that the manifestation of the patient's will, although free, is not enough to release the doctor from his (her) duty of care. In case of danger to life, the doctor must carry out a blood transfusion, regardless of the patient's consent or the permission of those responsible for the patient.
O manejo de pacientes que se recusam a receber transfusões de sangue e de seus produtos, como as Testemunhas de Jeová, apresenta-se frequentemente como desafio médico, não só pelo dilema ético, mas porque cria um importante obstáculo ao rápido controle de hemorragias num cenário de trauma. Este artigo explora as razões deste conflito entre o dever de cuidado do médico e o respeito à autonomia do paciente, e desenha um panorama dos entendimentos majoritários do Judiciário sobre o tema. Por fim, conclui-se que a manifestação de vontade do paciente, embora livre, não é suficiente para afastar o médico do seu dever de cuidado. Constatando perigo à vida, o médico deverá proceder a transfusão de sangue, independentemente de consentimento do paciente ou de seus responsáveis.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion/ethics , Hemorrhage/therapy , Jehovah's Witnesses , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Personal Autonomy , Physician's Role , Ethics, Medical , Humans , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lactate has shown utility in assessing the prognosis of patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed or suspected shock. Some findings of the physical examination may replace it as screening tool. We have determined the correlation and association between clinical perfusion parameters and lactate at the time of admission; the correlation between the change in clinical parameters and lactate clearance after 6 and 24âh of resuscitation; and the association between clinical parameters, lactate, and mortality. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized in the emergency room with infection, polytrauma, or other causes of hypotension. We measured serum lactate, capillary refill time, shock index, and pulse pressure at 0, 6, and 24âh after admission. A Spearman's correlation was performed between clinical variables and lactate levels, as well as between changes in clinical parameters and lactate clearance. The operative characteristics of these variables were determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the association between lactate, clinical variables, and mortality through logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1,320 patients met the inclusion criteria, 66.7% (nâ=â880) confirmed infection, 19% (nâ=â251) polytrauma, and 14.3% (nâ=â189) another etiology. No significant correlation was found between any clinical variable and lactate values (râ<â0.28). None of the variable had an adequate discriminatory capacity to detect hyperlactatemia (AUCâ<â0.62). In the multivariate model, lactate value at admission was the only variable independently associated with mortality (OR 1.2; 95% CIâ=â1.1-1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with hypoperfusion risk or shock, no correlation was found between clinical variables and lactate. Of the set of parameters collected, lactate at admission was the only independent marker of mortality.
Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality , Hyperlactatemia , Lactic Acid/blood , Shock , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Hyperlactatemia/blood , Hyperlactatemia/etiology , Hyperlactatemia/mortality , Hyperlactatemia/therapy , Infections/blood , Infections/complications , Infections/mortality , Infections/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Trauma/blood , Multiple Trauma/complications , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Prospective Studies , Shock/blood , Shock/etiology , Shock/mortality , Shock/therapyABSTRACT
RESUMO O manejo de pacientes que se recusam a receber transfusões de sangue e de seus produtos, como as Testemunhas de Jeová, apresenta-se frequentemente como desafio médico, não só pelo dilema ético, mas porque cria um importante obstáculo ao rápido controle de hemorragias num cenário de trauma. Este artigo explora as razões deste conflito entre o dever de cuidado do médico e o respeito à autonomia do paciente, e desenha um panorama dos entendimentos majoritários do Judiciário sobre o tema. Por fim, conclui-se que a manifestação de vontade do paciente, embora livre, não é suficiente para afastar o médico do seu dever de cuidado. Constatando perigo à vida, o médico deverá proceder a transfusão de sangue, independentemente de consentimento do paciente ou de seus responsáveis.
ABSTRACT The management of patients, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, who refuse to receive blood transfusions, is often a medical challenge, not only because of the ethical dilemma, but also because it creates a major obstacle to rapid hemorrhage control in a setting of trauma. This article explores the reasons for this conflict between the physician's duty of care and the respect for the patient's autonomy, and draws a panorama of the main understandings of the Judiciary on the subject. Finally, it is concluded that the manifestation of the patient's will, although free, is not enough to release the doctor from his (her) duty of care. In case of danger to life, the doctor must carry out a blood transfusion, regardless of the patient's consent or the permission of those responsible for the patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Physician's Role , Blood Transfusion/ethics , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Personal Autonomy , Jehovah's Witnesses , Hemorrhage/therapy , Patient Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics, Medical , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:: Trauma is an important public health issue and associated with substantial socioeconomic impacts and major adverse clinical outcomes. No single study has previously investigated the predictors of mortality across all stages of care (pre-hospital, emergency room, surgical center and intensive care unit) in a general trauma population. This study was designed to identify early predictors of mortality in severely injured polytrauma patients across all stages of care to provide a better understanding of the physiologic changes and mechanisms by which to improve care in this population. METHODS:: A longitudinal, prospective, observational study was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients submitted to high-energy trauma were included. Exclusion criteria were as follows: injury severity score <16, <18 years old or insufficient data. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at four time points: pre-hospital, emergency room, and 3 and 24 hours after hospital admission. The primary outcome assessed was mortality within 30 days. Data were analyzed using tests of association as appropriate, nonparametric analysis of variance and generalized estimating equation analysis (p<0.05). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01669577. RESULTS:: Two hundred patients were included. Independent early predictors of mortality were as follows: arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), lactate level (p<0.001), Glasgow Coma Scale score (p<0.001), infused crystalloid volume (p<0.015) and presence of traumatic brain injury (p<0.001). CONCLUSION:: Our results suggest that arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, diastolic blood pressure, lactate level, Glasgow Coma Scale, infused crystalloid volume and presence of traumatic brain injury are independent early mortality predictors.
Subject(s)
Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/physiopathology , Adult , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/mortality , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology , Cause of Death , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Trauma/etiology , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Trauma Severity Indices , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Trauma is an important public health issue and associated with substantial socioeconomic impacts and major adverse clinical outcomes. No single study has previously investigated the predictors of mortality across all stages of care (pre-hospital, emergency room, surgical center and intensive care unit) in a general trauma population. This study was designed to identify early predictors of mortality in severely injured polytrauma patients across all stages of care to provide a better understanding of the physiologic changes and mechanisms by which to improve care in this population. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective, observational study was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients submitted to high-energy trauma were included. Exclusion criteria were as follows: injury severity score <16, <18 years old or insufficient data. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at four time points: pre-hospital, emergency room, and 3 and 24 hours after hospital admission. The primary outcome assessed was mortality within 30 days. Data were analyzed using tests of association as appropriate, nonparametric analysis of variance and generalized estimating equation analysis (p<0.05). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01669577. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were included. Independent early predictors of mortality were as follows: arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), lactate level (p<0.001), Glasgow Coma Scale score (p<0.001), infused crystalloid volume (p<0.015) and presence of traumatic brain injury (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, diastolic blood pressure, lactate level, Glasgow Coma Scale, infused crystalloid volume and presence of traumatic brain injury are independent early mortality predictors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Multiple Trauma/physiopathology , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Reference Values , Time Factors , Multiple Trauma/etiology , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Glasgow Coma Scale , Survival Analysis , Trauma Severity Indices , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cause of Death , Risk Assessment , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Background: nonoperative treatment (TNO) is suggested in blunt abdominal trauma in stable patients without necessarily addressing surgical trauma injuries. Among the tools used, it has highlighted the angioembolization as a method of stopping bleeding or potentially bleeding lesions. The existence of more than one lesion may be possible to treat this way. Objectives: to show the experience of a hospital emergency department in the use of angioembolization in nonoperative management of more than one injured abdominal organ. Demonstrate utility of simultaneous angioembolization of more than one vascular territory or organ in the management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma who start a nonoperative treatmeant. Design: Retrospective observational study Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, patients with blunt abdominal trauma and active hemorrhage or potentially bleeding lesions demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. Those who underwent nonoperative treatment and embolized were included. Of these, those with more than one organ or vascular territory embolized were described. Results: 392 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 281 (72 %) started TNO protocol. 225 with active bleeding on CT were found. 183 patients (80 %) underwent angiography and 166 need embolization. In 7 cases embolization of more than one organ or vascular territory was performed. Conclusion: angioembolization of organ with active bleeding is definitely accepted practice in trauma centers. The opportunity and need for more than one organ embolization or vascular territory is scarce, but it is doable when adjusted to existing protocols, respecting especially hemodynamic stability Objectives: to show the experience of a hospital emergency department in the use of angioembolization in nonoperative management of more than one injured abdominal organ. Demonstrate utility of simultaneous angioembolization of more than one vascular territory or organ in the management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma who start a nonoperative treatmeant. Design: Retrospective observational study Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, patients with blunt abdominal trauma and active hemorrhage or potentially bleeding lesions demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. Those who underwent nonoperative treatment and embolized were included. Of these, those with more than one organ or vascular territory embolized were described. Results: 392 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 281 (72 %) started TNO protocol. 225 with active bleeding on CT were found. 183 patients (80 %) underwent angiography and 166 need embolization. In 7 cases embolization of more than one organ or vascular territory was performed. Conclusion: angioembolization of organ with active bleeding is definitely accepted practice in trauma centers. The opportunity and need for more than one organ embolization or vascular territory is scarce, but it is doable when adjusted to existing protocols, respecting especially hemodynamic stability Design: Retrospective observational study Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, patients with blunt abdominal trauma and active hemorrhage or potentially bleeding lesions demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. Those who underwent nonoperative treatment and embolized were included. Of these, those with more than one organ or vascular territory embolized were described. Results: 392 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 281 (72 %) started TNO protocol. 225 with active bleeding on CT were found. 183 patients (80 %) underwent angiography and 166 need embolization. In 7 cases embolization of more than one organ or vascular territory was performed. Conclusion: angioembolization of organ with active bleeding is definitely accepted practice in trauma centers. The opportunity and need for more than one organ embolization or vascular territory is scarce, but it is doable when adjusted to existing protocols, respecting especially hemodynamic stability Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, patients with blunt abdominal trauma and active hemorrhage or potentially bleeding lesions demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. Those who underwent nonoperative treatment and embolized were included. Of these, those with more than one organ or vascular territory embolized were described. Results: 392 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 281 (72 %) started TNO protocol. 225 with active bleeding on CT were found. 183 patients (80 %) underwent angiography and 166 need embolization. In 7 cases embolization of more than one organ or vascular territory was performed. Conclusion: angioembolization of organ with active bleeding is definitely accepted practice in trauma centers. The opportunity and need for more than one organ embolization or vascular territory is scarce, but it is doable when adjusted to existing protocols, respecting especially hemodynamic stability Results: 392 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 281 (72 %) started TNO protocol. 225 with active bleeding on CT were found. 183 patients (80 %) underwent angiography and 166 need embolization. In 7 cases embolization of more than one organ or vascular territory was performed. Conclusion: angioembolization of organ with active bleeding is definitely accepted practice in trauma centers. The opportunity and need for more than one organ embolization or vascular territory is scarce, but it is doable when adjusted to existing protocols, respecting especially hemodynamic stability
Antecedentes: el tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) es el abordaje sugerido en el trauma cerrado de abdomen en pacientes estables sin lesiones necesariamente quirúrgicas.Entre las herramientas utilizadas, se ha destacado la angioembolizacion como método de detención de la hemorragia o en lesiones potencialmente sangrantes. La existencia de más de una lesión podría ser factible de tratar por esta vía. Objetivos: mostrar la experiencia de un hospital de urgencias en la utilización de angioembolización en el tratamiento no operatorio de más de un órgano abdominal lesionado.Diseño: estudio retrospectivo observacional.Material y métodos: entre 2007 y 2014 se evaluaron pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado y lesiones hemorrágicas o potencialmente sangrantes demostradas por tomografía computada (TC). Se incluyeron aquellos que ingresaron a TNO y fueron angioembolizados. De estos, se describieron aquellos con más de un órgano o territorio vascular embolizado.Resultados: ingresaron 392 pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado, de los cuales 281 (72%) iniciaron protocolo de TNO. Se encontraron 225 hemorragias activas en la TC y 183 pacientes (80%) fueron sometidos a angiografía, y embolizados 166 pacientes. En 7 casos se realizó embolización de más de un órgano o territorio vascular.Conclusión: la angioembolización de órganos con sangrado activo es una práctica definitivamente aceptada en centros de trauma. La oportunidad y necesidad de embolizar más de un órgano o territorio vascular es escasa, pero es factible cuando se ajusta a los lineamientos existentes, respetando sobre todo la estabilidad hemodinámica. Diseño: estudio retrospectivo observacional.Material y métodos: entre 2007 y 2014 se evaluaron pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado y lesiones hemorrágicas o potencialmente sangrantes demostradas por tomografía computada (TC). Se incluyeron aquellos que ingresaron a TNO y fueron angioembolizados. De estos, se describieron aquellos con más de un órgano o territorio vascular embolizado.Resultados: ingresaron 392 pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado, de los cuales 281 (72%) iniciaron protocolo de TNO. Se encontraron 225 hemorragias activas en la TC y 183 pacientes (80%) fueron sometidos a angiografía, y embolizados 166 pacientes. En 7 casos se realizó embolización de más de un órgano o territorio vascular.Conclusión: la angioembolización de órganos con sangrado activo es una práctica definitivamente aceptada en centros de trauma. La oportunidad y necesidad de embolizar más de un órgano o territorio vascular es escasa, pero es factible cuando se ajusta a los lineamientos existentes, respetando sobre todo la estabilidad hemodinámica. Material y métodos: entre 2007 y 2014 se evaluaron pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado y lesiones hemorrágicas o potencialmente sangrantes demostradas por tomografía computada (TC). Se incluyeron aquellos que ingresaron a TNO y fueron angioembolizados. De estos, se describieron aquellos con más de un órgano o territorio vascular embolizado.Resultados: ingresaron 392 pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado, de los cuales 281 (72%) iniciaron protocolo de TNO. Se encontraron 225 hemorragias activas en la TC y 183 pacientes (80%) fueron sometidos a angiografía, y embolizados 166 pacientes. En 7 casos se realizó embolización de más de un órgano o territorio vascular.Conclusión: la angioembolización de órganos con sangrado activo es una práctica definitivamente aceptada en centros de trauma. La oportunidad y necesidad de embolizar más de un órgano o territorio vascular es escasa, pero es factible cuando se ajusta a los lineamientos existentes, respetando sobre todo la estabilidad hemodinámica. Resultados: ingresaron 392 pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado, de los cuales 281 (72%) iniciaron protocolo de TNO. Se encontraron 225 hemorragias activas en la TC y 183 pacientes (80%) fueron sometidos a angiografía, y embolizados 166 pacientes. En 7 casos se realizó embolización de más de un órgano o territorio vascular.Conclusión: la angioembolización de órganos con sangrado activo es una práctica definitivamente aceptada en centros de trauma. La oportunidad y necesidad de embolizar más de un órgano o territorio vascular es escasa, pero es factible cuando se ajusta a los lineamientos existentes, respetando sobre todo la estabilidad hemodinámica. Conclusión: la angioembolización de órganos con sangrado activo es una práctica definitivamente aceptada en centros de trauma. La oportunidad y necesidad de embolizar más de un órgano o territorio vascular es escasa, pero es factible cuando se ajusta a los lineamientos existentes, respetando sobre todo la estabilidad hemodinámica.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Abdominal Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Angiography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultABSTRACT
Glutamine is one of the conditionally essential free amino acids with multiple biological functions. Its supplementation to parenteral nutrition has been widely used for the management of complications in intensive care. However, controversial clinical reports have generated reluctance in the use of this pharmaco-nutrient. In this commentary, we address the impact of four studies that influenced the recommendations on glutamine supplementation by the Canadian Clinical Practice Guide 2015. Because of the importance of this guideline in clinical practice, we strongly believe that a more rigorous and critical evaluation is required to support recommendations in future guidelines.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Critical Illness/therapy , Enteral Nutrition , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Homeostasis , Malnutrition/complications , Malnutrition/drug therapy , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Parenteral Nutrition , Sepsis/complications , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although survival benefits have been shown at the population level, it remains unclear what drives the outcome benefits for helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in trauma. Although speed is often cited as the vital factor of HEMS, we hypothesized a survival benefit would exist in the absence of a time savings over ground emergency medical services (GEMS). The objective was to examine the association of survival with HEMS compared with GEMS transport across similar prehospital transport times. METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort of scene HEMS and GEMS transports in the National Trauma Databank (2007-2012). Propensity score matching was used to match HEMS and GEMS subjects on the likelihood of HEMS transport. Subjects were stratified by prehospital transport times in 5-minute increments. Conditional logistic regression determined the association of HEMS with survival across prehospital transport times strata controlling for confounders. Transport distance was estimated from prehospital transport times and average HEMS/GEMS transport speeds. RESULTS: There were 155,691 HEMS/GEMS pairs matched. HEMS had a survival benefit over GEMS for prehospital transport times between 6 and 30 minutes. This benefit ranged from a 46% increase in odds of survival between 26 and 30 minutes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.93; P < .01) to an 80% increase in odds of survival between 16 and 20 minutes (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.51-2.14; P < .01). This prehospital transport times window corresponds to estimated transport distance between 14.3 and 71.3 miles for HEMS and 3.3 and 16.6 miles for GEMS. CONCLUSION: When stratified by prehospital transport times, HEMS had a survival benefit concentrated in a window between 6 and 30 minutes. Because there was no time-savings advantage for HEMS, these findings may reflect care delivered by HEMS providers.
Subject(s)
Air Ambulances/statistics & numerical data , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Time-to-Treatment , Transportation of Patients/methods , Ambulances/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Female , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Logistic Models , Male , Multiple Trauma/diagnosis , Odds Ratio , Propensity Score , Quality Improvement , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Survival Analysis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: los traumatismos se han relacionado siempre con el dolor como síntoma acompañante que influye negativamente en la evolución del paciente.Objetivo: valorar la atención a los pacientes politraumatizados en lo referente a la evaluación y tratamiento del dolor. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de enero a diciembre de 2013, en una muestra de 60 pacientes que ingresaron con diagnóstico de politrauma, en el Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay. Se emplearon como descriptores estadísticos medidas de resumen de los datos cualitativos (razones y proporciones). Resultados: el 83,3 por ciento de los pacientes refirió dolor al menos una vez durante el ingreso; en 51,7 por ciento se le evaluó el síntoma, utilizando la escala verbal simple en el 26,7 por ciento; en el resto no se usó ninguna escala. Los antinflamatorios no esteroideos se indicaron en todos los casos, con gran variabilidad en relación a las dosificaciones e intervalos de administración. Fue escasa el uso de opioides (6,7 por ciento), ketamina (3,4 por ciento), anestésicos locales (3,4 por ciento) y coadyuvantes (1,7 por ciento). Prevaleció la indicación a demanda, administrándose la analgesia en este grupo en el 46,7 por ciento. No se evaluó la reducción del dolor en el 50 por ciento de los casos en que se administró la analgesia, constatándose su reducción solo en el 42,9 por ciento. En el 91,7 por ciento de la muestra se valoró el tratamiento como inadecuado. Conclusiones: la evaluación y el tratamiento analgésico son inadecuados, confirmando la necesidad de implementar estrategias para mejorar el control del dolor en el trauma(AU)
Introduction: trauma has been related always with pain as an accompanist symptom that affects negatively the evolution of the patient. This work aspire to value the attention to polytrauma patient refers to evaluation and treatment of the pain. Methods: an observational, retrospective, transversal study was made, since January until December of 2013. The sample was 60 patients received in Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Military Central Hospital with polytrauma. Stadistics measures descriptors were employed (reasons and proportions).Results: the 83.3 percent of the patients reports pain, at least one time during the intern; only 56.0 percent of these were evaluated; in 51.7 percent of the sample were evaluated the symptom; in 26.7 percent of the sample was used a verbal scale; the rest of the patients were no evaluated. In all of cases were used non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs, with doses and administration intervals vary. The use of opioids (6.7 percent), ketamina (3.4 percent), local anesthesics (3.4 percent) and support drugs (1.7 percent) were poor. Prevail the demand indication (88.3 percent), using indicate analgesia in 46.7 percent of the sample. The reduction of pain was evaluated in 50.0 percent of cases that received analgesia; verify it only in 42.9 percent of patients. In 91.7 percent of the sample was valued the treatment as inadecuated.Conclutions: the evaluation and treatment of pain is deficient, confirm the necessity of implement strategies of properties actuations(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Multiple Trauma/diagnosis , Pain Management/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: los traumatismos se han relacionado siempre con el dolor como síntoma acompañante que influye negativamente en la evolución del paciente. OBJETIVO: valorar la atención a los pacientes politraumatizados en lo referente a la evaluación y tratamiento del dolor. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de enero a diciembre de 2013, en una muestra de 60 pacientes que ingresaron con diagnóstico de politrauma, en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay". Se emplearon como descriptores estadísticos medidas de resumen de los datos cualitativos (razones y proporciones). RESULTADOS: el 83,3 % de los pacientes refirió dolor al menos una vez durante el ingreso; en 51,7 % se le evaluó el síntoma, utilizando la escala verbal simple en el 26,7 %; en el resto no se usó ninguna escala. Los antinflamatorios no esteroideos se indicaron en todos los casos, con gran variabilidad en relación a las dosificaciones e intervalos de administración. Fue escasa el uso de opioides (6,7 %), ketamina (3,4 %), anestésicos locales (3,4 %) y coadyuvantes (1,7 %). Prevaleció la indicación a demanda, administrándose la analgesia en este grupo en el 46,7 %. No se evaluó la reducción del dolor en el 50 % de los casos en que se administró la analgesia, constatándose su reducción solo en el 42,9 %. En el 91,7 % de la muestra se valoró el tratamiento como inadecuado. CONCLUSIONES: la evaluación y el tratamiento analgésico son inadecuados, confirmando la necesidad de implementar estrategias para mejorar el control del dolor en el trauma.
INTRODUCTION: trauma has been related always with pain as an accompanist symptom that affects negatively the evolution of the patient. This work aspire to value the attention to polytrauma patient refers to evaluation and treatment of the pain. METHODS: an observational, retrospective, transversal study was made, since January until December of 2013. The sample was 60 patients received in "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" Military Central Hospital with polytrauma. Stadistics measures descriptors were employed (reasons and proportions). RESULTS: the 83.3 % of the patients reports pain, at least one time during the intern; only 56.0 % of these were evaluated; in 51.7 % of the sample were evaluated the symptom; in 26.7 % of the sample was used a verbal scale; the rest of the patients were no evaluated. In all of cases were used non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs, with doses and administration intervals vary. The use of opioids (6.7 %), ketamina (3.4 %), local anesthesics (3.4 %) and support drugs (1.7 %) were poor. Prevail the demand indication (88.3 %), using indicate analgesia in 46.7 % of the sample. The reduction of pain was evaluated in 50.0 % of cases that received analgesia; verify it only in 42.9 % of patients. In 91.7 % of the sample was valued the treatment as inadecuated. CONCLUTIONS: the evaluation and treatment of pain is deficient, confirm the necessity of implement strategies of properties actuations.