ABSTRACT
The effect of 60Co gamma irradiation on gallium oxide and titanium oxide (Ga2O3-TiO2) nanocomposites are investigated in the present study. The Ga2O3-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120°C. The precursors for the synthesis consist of gallium nitrate anhydrous and titanium trichloride along with sodium hydroxide to achieve the pH of 9. The synthesized Ga2O3-TiO2 was subjected to 60Co gamma irradiation for different doses such as 25, 50 and 75 kGy. The morphological, optical and microstructural characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results shows that the gamma irradiation induces significant changes in the Ga2O3-TiO2 microstructure and there is increase in the grain size and bandgap of the nanocomposites.
Subject(s)
Cobalt Radioisotopes , Gallium , Gamma Rays , Nanocomposites , Titanium , Titanium/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Cobalt Radioisotopes/chemistry , Gallium/chemistry , X-Ray Diffraction , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
The influence of 60Co gamma radiation on Molybdenum Oxide-Cerium Oxide (MoO3-CeO2) nanocomposite is investigated in the present study. The MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by conventional hydrothermal route. Ammonium hepta molybdate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O] and cerium nitrate [Ce (NO3)3.4H2O] were used as the precursors. The composite was subjected to high energy gamma irradiation for different doses of 50, 100 and 150 kGy using 60Co gamma irradiation chamber. The structural study was carried out using X-ray diffraction, the morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was carried out to study the optical properties before and after irradiation. The crystallite size was found to increase with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The morphology of the samples shows that the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate with increasing doses of gamma radiation. The energy bandgap of the MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was calculated before and after irradiation and found to decrease with increasing doses of irradiation upto 100 kGy and then increases for 150 kGy.
Subject(s)
Cerium , Cobalt Radioisotopes , Gamma Rays , Molybdenum , Nanocomposites , Oxides , Cerium/chemistry , Molybdenum/chemistry , Molybdenum/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Cobalt Radioisotopes/chemistry , Oxides/chemistry , X-Ray Diffraction , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
Electromagnetic shielding parameters are crucial to investigate unexplored nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Herein, calcium-iron-aluminium (Ca: Fe: Al) nanocomposites are synthesised using the simple solution combustion technique. The as-synthesised nanocomposites with various doping concentrations of Al nanoparticles are characterised to study the structural and surface parameters and to confirm the successful formation. Further, the procured Ca: Fe: Al nanocomposites along with various doping concentrations are utilised for electromagnetic shielding applications, and various shielding parameters are calculated. It was confirmed that Ca: Fe: Al nanocomposites are suitable for electromagnetic shielding applications.
Subject(s)
Aluminum , Calcium , Iron , Nanocomposites , Radiation Protection , Iron/chemistry , Aluminum/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Calcium/chemistry , Radiation Protection/methods , Humans , Electromagnetic Fields , Electromagnetic RadiationABSTRACT
In this research, a biodegradable starch/Fe3O4/TiO2 bio-nanocomposites (SFT) were produced using different nano Fe3O4/TiO2 (FT) (3, 5, and 10 (wt% dry based)) contents. Mechanical properties, visual properties, moisture-sensitive parameters, magnetic properties, and physical properties of the film specimens were investigated. Photodegradability of film specimens was also evaluated under UV-A irradiation. The FT content increased the hydrophobicity of the film specimens. Tensile strength (TS) of SFT films was increased by increasing FT up to 3%. Elongation at break (EB) and tensile energy to break (TEB) were decreased by adding FT content up to 3% simultaneously. The film specimens' water vapor permeability (WVP) was decreased with increasing FT content. The intrinsic viscosity of SFT was decreased by increasing FT content. It confirms the enhancement of photodegradability of the specimens by increasing FT content. It seems the compatibility of FT with biopolymer has had great effects on these properties. Use of FT-based nanocomposites is an appropriate approach to developing magnetic-recyclable and photodegradable packaging materials.
Subject(s)
Nanocomposites , Starch , Feasibility Studies , Food Packaging , Permeability , Tensile Strength , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , SteamABSTRACT
TiO2-based materials have been developing rapidly as eco-friendly photocatalysts, but the inherent defects limited their application, such as rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and wide bandgap. To obtain high-efficient TiO2/carbonaceous photocatalysts (TiO2/C), we prepared the nanocomposite by carbonizing titanium alginate coordination compound and studied their photocatalytic performance against methylene blue (MB) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The resultant nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM-EDS, TG-DTG, UV-DRS, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The carbon mainly existed in the outer layer of TiO2/C composites, contributing to the optical sensibilization. As a result, the degradation efficiency of sample TiO2/C-20 to MB could reach 97.47% within 15 min under simulated sunlight. The samples also possessed high stability, proved by the 0.72% reduction in photodegradation ratio after five cyclic tests. The present study proved the feasibility of preparing photocatalyst from titanium-alginate coordination compound and provided an extensible approach for preparing high-efficiency photocatalysts from a polysaccharide-based coordination compound.
Subject(s)
Nanocomposites , Titanium , Alginates , Catalysis , Methylene Blue , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Titanium/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Poor tumor selectivity, low stability and quenched fluorescence are the main challenges to be overcome for nanomedicine, and are mainly caused by the dissociation of the nanostructure and aggregation of chromophores in the biological environment. Herein, covalently connected nanoparticles RGD-graphene-phthalocyanine (RGD-GO-SiPc) were constructed based on RGD peptide, silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) and graphene oxide (GO) via a conjugation reaction for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer-targeted combinatorial phototherapy. The prepared RGD-GO-SiPc exhibited supreme biological stability, high-contrast fluorescence imaging, significantly enhanced NIR absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency (25.6%), greatly improved cancer-targeting capability, and synergistic photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) efficacy along with low toxicity. Both in vitro and in vivo biological studies showed that RGD-GO-SiPc is a kind of promising multifunctional nanomedicine for fluorescence imaging-guided combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy with dual active/passive tumor-targeting properties.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Fluorescent Dyes/therapeutic use , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/radiation effects , Graphite/chemistry , Graphite/radiation effects , Graphite/therapeutic use , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Isoindoles/chemistry , Isoindoles/radiation effects , Isoindoles/therapeutic use , Light , Mice , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms/metabolism , Oligopeptides/chemistry , Optical Imaging , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Phototherapy , Singlet Oxygen/metabolismABSTRACT
In this work, we developed the first 3D-printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based bone scaffold with multi-functions targeting challenging bone diseases such as osteosarcoma and osteomyelitis. A 3D-printed PEEK/graphene nanocomposite scaffold was deposited with a drug-laden (antibiotics and/or anti-cancer drugs) hydroxyapatite coating. The graphene nanosheets within the scaffold served as effective photothermal agents that endowed the scaffold with on-demand photothermal conversion function under near-infrared laser irradiation. The bioactive hydroxyapatite coating significantly boosted the stem cell proliferation in vitro and promoted new bone growth in vivo. The presence of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs enabled eradication of drug-resistant bacteria and ablation of osteosarcoma cancer cells, the treatment efficacy of which can be further enhanced by on-demand laser-induced heating. The promising results demonstrate the strong potential of our multi-functional scaffold in applications such as bone defect repair and multimodal treatment of osteosarcoma and osteomyelitis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzophenones/chemistry , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Polymers/chemistry , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/radiation effects , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Durapatite/chemistry , Durapatite/therapeutic use , Graphite/chemistry , Graphite/radiation effects , Graphite/therapeutic use , Humans , Infrared Rays , Male , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Photothermal Therapy , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/therapeutic use , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
We demonstrate a novel structure based on smart carbon nanocomposites intended for fabricating laser-triggered drug delivery devices (DDDs). The performance of the devices relies on nanocomposites' photothermal effects that are based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Upon evaluating the main features of the nanocomposites through physicochemical and photomechanical characterizations, we identified the main photomechanical features to be considered for selecting a nanocomposite for the DDDs. The capabilities of the PDMS/CNPs prototypes for drug delivery were tested using rhodamine-B (Rh-B) as a marker solution, allowing for visualizing and quantifying the release of the marker contained within the device. Our results showed that the DDDs readily expel the Rh-B from the reservoir upon laser irradiation and the amount of released Rh-B depends on the exposure time. Additionally, we identified two main Rh-B release mechanisms, the first one is based on the device elastic deformation and the second one is based on bubble generation and its expansion into the device. Both mechanisms were further elucidated through numerical simulations and compared with the experimental results. These promising results demonstrate that an inexpensive nanocomposite such as PDMS/CNPs can serve as a foundation for novel DDDs with spatial and temporal release control through laser irradiation.
Subject(s)
Drug Carriers/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Smart Materials/chemistry , Carbon/chemistry , Dimethylpolysiloxanes/chemistry , Drug Carriers/radiation effects , Elasticity , Lasers , Light , Mechanical Phenomena , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Rhodamines/chemistry , Smart Materials/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Multimodal nanotherapeutic cancer treatments are widely studied but are often limited by their costly and complex syntheses that are not easily scaled up. Herein, a simple formulation of glucose-oxidase-coated CuS nanoparticles was demonstrated to be highly effective for melanoma treatment, acting through a synergistic combination of glucose starvation, photothermal therapy, and synergistic advanced chemodynamic therapy enabled by near-infrared irradiation coupled with Fenton-like reactions that were enhanced by endogenous chloride.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Copper/therapeutic use , Glucose Oxidase/therapeutic use , Melanoma/drug therapy , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Combined Modality Therapy , Copper/chemistry , Copper/radiation effects , Drug Therapy , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/therapeutic use , Glucose/chemistry , Glucose/metabolism , Glucose Oxidase/chemistry , Humans , Light , Male , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
MicroRNA-21 is an important biomarker of tumor early prediction and metastasis, and its accurate detection is of great significance for tumor diagnosis and treatment. It will be a meaningful work to combine the detection of RNA with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy on the same composite material. Herein, we designed a multifunctional nanocomposite based on gold nanorods (AuNRs), making use of microRNA-triggered drug release and near-infrared photothermal effect, which has been developed for cancer therapy and microRNA-21detection. Firstly, the AuNRs with photothermal effect were synthesized as carriers for drug delivery. Then the surface of gold nanorods was modified by functional DNA chains to provide an efficient site for doxorubicin (DOX) loading. Finally, folic acid was introduced to achieve the targeted treatment of MCF-7 cells. The microRNA competed with the double-stranded DNA, resulting in the release of DOX and the recovery of fluorescence signal located at 595 nm with an excitation of 488 nm effectively. The nano-biosensor could not only achieve dual-function of diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells, but also accomplish the detection of microRNA in tumor cells. It showed a high selectivity for microRNA-21 determination with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 nM from the linear relationship from 1.0 × 10-5 M to 5.0 × 10-7 M. This scheme provides an outstanding strategy for cell imaging, treatment, and detection, which serves as a promising candidate in the field of biomedical research.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , MicroRNAs/analysis , Nanotubes/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA/chemistry , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Liberation , Drug Therapy , Folic Acid/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Gold/radiation effects , Humans , Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry , Infrared Rays , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanotubes/radiation effects , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is directly involved in Parkinson's disease (PD), is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant energy metabolism. Thus, regulating mitochondrial function might be an effective strategy to treat PD. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for the intracerebral delivery of drugs. Here, we synthesized a zeolitic imidazolate framework 8-coated Prussian blue nanocomposite (ZIF-8@PB), which was encapsulated with quercetin (QCT), a natural antioxidant, to treat PD. ZIF-8@PB-QCT exhibited superior near-infrared radiation (NIR) response and penetrated through the BBB to the site of mitochondrial damage guided by the photothermal effect. In the mice model of PD, the QCT released from ZIF-8@PB-QCT significantly increased the adenosine triphosphate levels, reduced the oxidative stress levels, and reversed dopaminergic neuronal damage as well as PD-related behavioral deficits without any damage to the normal tissues. Furthermore, we explored the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of ZIF-8@PB-QCT that was mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, combined with noninvasive NIR radiation, the biocompatible ZIF-8@PB-QCT nanocomposite could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy , Quercetin/therapeutic use , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Antioxidants/toxicity , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Liberation , Ferrocyanides/chemistry , Ferrocyanides/radiation effects , Ferrocyanides/therapeutic use , Ferrocyanides/toxicity , Humans , Imidazoles/chemistry , Imidazoles/therapeutic use , Imidazoles/toxicity , Infrared Rays , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mitochondria/drug effects , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/toxicity , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Neuroprotective Agents/toxicity , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/pharmacokinetics , Quercetin/toxicity , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Zeolites/chemistry , Zeolites/therapeutic use , Zeolites/toxicityABSTRACT
Photo-chemotherapy (PCT) reveals great potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, therefore the construct of smart PCT nano-agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency and accurate drug delivery is of great significant. Herein, a novel hybrid nanomaterial MGO-TCA-FA has been designed and constructed by grafting the triformyl cholic acid (TCA) and folic acid (FA) on the surface of Fe3O4 modified graphene oxide (MGO). The doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug could be effectively loaded on the MGO-TCA-FA via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking (the drug loading amount was 1040 mg/g). The formed MGO-TCA-FA@DOX has been developed to be an effective PCT nanoplatform with the advantages of multiple-targeted drug delivery, near-infrared light (NIR) and pH triggered drug release, and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vitro experiments showed that compared with other cancer cells and normal liver cells, MGO-TCA-FA@DOX could specifically target liver cancer cells and presented significant killing ability to liver cancer cells. More importantly, in vivo experiments indicated that PCT synergistic therapy (MGO-TCA-FA@DOX) revealed the best tumor inhibition (the tumor inhibition rate was about 85%) compared with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy alone. Thus, this study supplied a viable multiple-targeted PCT nano-agent for chemo-photothermal combination therapy of liver cancer.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Carriers/therapeutic use , Graphite/therapeutic use , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cholic Acids/chemistry , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/radiation effects , Drug Liberation , Drug Therapy , Ferrosoferric Oxide/chemistry , Folic Acid/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Graphite/radiation effects , Humans , Infrared Rays , Magnetic Phenomena , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
Owing to the rise in prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens attributed to the overuse of antibiotics, infectious diseases caused by the transmission of microbes from contaminated surfaces to new hosts are an ever-increasing threat to public health. Thus, novel materials that can stem this crisis, while also functioning via multiple antimicrobial mechanisms so that pathogens are unable to develop resistance to them, are in urgent need. Toward this goal, in this work, we developed in situ grown bacterial cellulose/MoS2-chitosan nanocomposite materials (termed BC/MoS2-CS) that utilize synergistic membrane disruption and photodynamic and photothermal antibacterial activities to achieve more efficient bactericidal activity. The BC/MoS2-CS nanocomposite exhibited excellent antibacterial efficacy, achieving 99.998% (4.7 log units) and 99.988% (3.9 log units) photoinactivation of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, under visible-light illumination (xenon lamp, 500 W, λ ≥ 420 nm, and 30 min). Mechanistic studies revealed that the use of cationic chitosan likely facilitated bacterial membrane disruption and/or permeability, with hyperthermia (photothermal) and reactive oxygen species (photodynamic) leading to synergistic pathogen inactivation upon visible-light illumination. No mammalian cell cytotoxicity was observed for the BC/MoS2-CS membrane, suggesting that such composite nanomaterials are attractive as functional materials for infection control applications.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Disulfides/pharmacology , Molybdenum/pharmacology , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/radiation effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Cell Line , Cellulose/chemistry , Cellulose/toxicity , Chitosan/chemistry , Chitosan/toxicity , Disulfides/chemistry , Disulfides/radiation effects , Disulfides/toxicity , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Heating , Light , Membranes, Artificial , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molybdenum/chemistry , Molybdenum/radiation effects , Molybdenum/toxicity , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/toxicity , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Photosensitizing Agents/toxicity , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Novel and effective radiosensitizers that can enhance radiosensitivity of tumor tissues and increase the local radiation dose are highly desirable. In this work, templated by bovine serum albumin (BSA), Bi2Se3-MnO2 nanocomposites (Bi2Se3-MnO2@BSA) were fabricated via biomineralization, while Bi2Se3 nanodots act as radiosensitizers to increase the local radiation dosage because of their strong X-ray attenuation ability, and MnO2 with catalase-like activity can increase the oxygen concentration in tumors by triggering the decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 so as to improve the hypoxia-associated radioresistance of tumors. Owing to the interaction of the two components in the interface, Bi2Se3-MnO2@BSA showed promoted catalytic activity compared to MnO2@BSA, favoring tumor radiotherapy (RT) sensitization. BSA templating enabled the nanocomposites with high colloidal stability and biocompatibility as well as satisfactory tumor targeting both in vitro and in vivo; thus, an enhanced RT efficacy was obtained. Moreover, the proposed Bi2Se3-MnO2@BSA exhibited excellent performances in computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, this work provides a tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional theranostic nanoagent with an improved performance for imaging-guided tumor RT sensitization.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Bismuth/therapeutic use , Manganese Compounds/therapeutic use , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oxides/therapeutic use , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Selenium Compounds/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Bismuth/chemistry , Catalysis/radiation effects , Cattle , Cell Line, Tumor , Contrast Media/chemical synthesis , Contrast Media/radiation effects , Contrast Media/therapeutic use , Female , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Manganese Compounds/chemistry , Manganese Compounds/radiation effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Oxides/chemistry , Oxides/radiation effects , Oxygen/metabolism , Precision Medicine , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Selenium Compounds/chemistry , Selenium Compounds/radiation effectsABSTRACT
In-depth understanding of interfacial property is the key to guiding the synthesis of biomass composites with desired performance. However, the exploration is of great challenge due to limitations of experimental techniques in locating hydrogen, requiring large/good crystals and detecting a weak interaction like van der Waals (vdW). Herein, we experimentally and computationally investigated the composite cellulose/zinc oxide/g-C3N4. Hydrothermal synthesis afforded cellulose/ZnO, and then fabricated the ternary composite by adding g-C3N4 under ultrasonic condition. Three components are found to co-exist in the composite, and the ZnO nanoparticle is attaching to cellulose and coupling with g-C3N4. These experimental findings were corroborated by relativistic DFT calculations. The interfacial coupling is elaborated as contributions of dative bonds, hydrogen bonds and vdW interaction. The vdW is increased by a factor of 4.23 in the ZnO/g-C3N4 interface. This improves electron-hole separation and offers prospective application of the composite in photocatalysis, antibacteria and gas sensing.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nitrogen Compounds/chemistry , Zinc Oxide/chemistry , Catalysis/radiation effects , Cellulose/radiation effects , Density Functional Theory , Graphite/radiation effects , Light , Models, Chemical , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nitrogen Compounds/radiation effects , Static Electricity , Zinc Oxide/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Hydrogels often have poor mechanical properties which limit their application in load-bearing tissues such as muscle and cartilage. In this work, a near-infrared light-triggered stretchable thermal-sensitive hydrogel with ultra-high drug loading was developed by a combination of natural polymeric nanocrystals, a network of synthetic thermo-responsive polymer, and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The hydrogels comprise cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CNCs) dispersed homogeneously in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) networks. The composite hydrogels exhibit an extensibility of 2200%. Drug loading of vancomycin (VCM) reached a high value of 10.18 g g-1 due to the dispersion of Fe3O4/CNCs and the interactions between the CNCs and the PNIPAm network. Importantly, the hydrogels demonstrated a thermo-response triggered by NIR, with the temperature increasing from 26 to 41 °C within 60 s. The hydrogels have high biocompatibility evidenced by cell proliferation tests, illustrating that these hydrogels are promising as dressings for wound closure, and wound healing.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Acrylic Resins/radiation effects , Acrylic Resins/toxicity , Cellulose/radiation effects , Cellulose/toxicity , Drug Carriers/radiation effects , Drug Carriers/toxicity , Drug Liberation , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Hydrogels/radiation effects , Hydrogels/toxicity , Infrared Rays , Magnetite Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Magnetite Nanoparticles/toxicity , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/toxicity , Porosity , Temperature , Vancomycin/chemistryABSTRACT
Microelectrode-based electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors are promising candidates for in vivo analysis of biologically important chemicals. However, limited selectivity in complicated biological systems and poor adaptability to electrochemically non-active species restrained their applications. Herein, we propose the concept of modulating the PEC output by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. The emission of energy donor was dependent on the concentration of target SO2 , which in turn served as the modulator of the photocurrent signal of the photoactive material. The employment of optical modulation circumvented the problem of selectivity, and the as-fabricated PEC microelectrode showed good stability and reproducibility in vivo. It can monitor fluctuations of SO2 levels in brains of rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and febrile seizure. More significantly, such a FRET modulated signaling strategy can be extended to diverse analytes.
Subject(s)
Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods , Gasotransmitters/analysis , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Sulfur Dioxide/analysis , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Coumarins/chemistry , Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Gasotransmitters/chemistry , Gasotransmitters/metabolism , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism , Infrared Rays , Limit of Detection , Metal Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Microelectrodes , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Proof of Concept Study , Rats , Reproducibility of Results , Seizures, Febrile/metabolism , Sulfur Dioxide/chemistry , Sulfur Dioxide/metabolismABSTRACT
Hypoxia in a tumor microenvironment (TME) has inhibited the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Here, Ni3S2/Cu1.8S nanoheterostructures were synthesized as a new photosensitizer, which also realizes the intracellular photocatalytic O2 evolution to relieve hypoxia in TME and enhance PDT as well. With the narrow band gap (below 1.5 eV), the near infrared (NIR) (808 nm) can stimulate their separation of the electron-hole. The novel Z-scheme nanoheterostructures, testified by experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, possess a higher redox ability, endowing the photoexited holes with sufficient potential to oxide H2O into O2, directly. Meanwhile, the photostimulated electrons can capture the dissolved O2 to form a toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, Ni3S2/Cu1.8S nanocomposites also possess the catalase-/peroxidase-like activity to convert the endogenous H2O2 into ·OH and O2, which not only cause chemodynamic therapy (CDT) but also alleviate hypoxia to assist the PDT as well. In addition, owing to the narrow band gap, they possess a high NIR harvest and great photothermal conversion efficiency (49.5%). It is noted that the nanocomposites also exhibit novel biodegradation and can be metabolized and eliminated via feces and urine within 2 weeks. The present single electrons in Ni/Cu ions induce the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ability for Ni3S2/Cu1.8S. To make sure that the cancer cells were specifically targeted, hyaluronic acid (HA) was grafted outside and Ni3S2/Cu1.8S@HA integrated photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) to exhibit the great anticancer efficiency for hypoxic tumor elimination.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oxygen/metabolism , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/radiation effects , Catalysis/radiation effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Copper/chemistry , Copper/radiation effects , Copper/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hypoxia/drug therapy , Hypoxia/etiology , Infrared Rays , Mice , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Nickel/chemistry , Nickel/radiation effects , Nickel/therapeutic use , Oxygen/chemistry , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/radiation effects , Phototherapy , Reactive Oxygen Species/chemistry , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
In order to solve two issues of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in tap water after the chlorine-containing treatment process, an innovative core-sheath nanostructured Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 was designed and synthesized. The fabrication mechanism of the materials was then systematically analyzed to determine the component and valence state. The properties of CRB inactivation together with trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) photodegradation by Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 were investigated in detail. It was found that Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 displayed excellent antibacterial activity with a relatively low cytotoxicity concentration due to its synergism of nanowire structure, ion release, and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, the Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite also exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation activity on TCAA under simulated sunlight irradiation, which was verified to be dominated by the surface reaction through kinetic analysis. More interestingly, the cell growth rate of Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 was determined to be 50% and 10% higher than those of Cu/Cu2O and Cu/Cu2O-ZnO after 10 h incubation, respectively, manifesting a weaker cytotoxicity. Therefore, the designed Cu/Cu2O-ZnO-Fe3O4 could be a promising agent for tap water treatment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Copper/pharmacology , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Trichloroacetic Acid/chemistry , Zinc Oxide/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/radiation effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Bacteria/drug effects , Catalysis/radiation effects , Copper/chemistry , Copper/radiation effects , HeLa Cells , Humans , Magnetite Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Magnetite Nanoparticles/toxicity , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nanocomposites/radiation effects , Nanocomposites/toxicity , Oxidation-Reduction , Photolysis/radiation effects , Sterilization/methods , Sunlight , Water Purification/methods , Zinc Oxide/chemistry , Zinc Oxide/radiation effects , Zinc Oxide/toxicityABSTRACT
A photothermal immunoassay using a thermometer as readout based on polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids was built. Temperature output is acquired due to the photothermal effect of the photothermal nanomaterial. Polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids were synthesized by interfacial reactions with high photothermal conversion efficiency. A sandwich structure of the immunocomplex was prepared on a microplate for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids as nanolabel. The released heat based on light-to-heat conversion from the photothermal nanolabel under NIR irradiation is detectable using the thermometer. The increased temperature is directly proportional to CEA concentration. The linear range of the photothermal immunoassay is 0.20 to 25 ng mL-1 with determination limit of 0.17 ng mL-1. Polyaniline@Au organic-inorganic nanohybrids with high photothermal conversion efficiency was synthesized as labels to construct photothermal immunosensor. The sandwich-type immunoassay was built on 96 hole plate based on specific binding of antigen and antibody. Carcinoembryonic antigen in sample was detected quantitatively by thermometer readout.