Scientific integrity among nursing students participating in the Scientific Initiation Program: An exploratory study.

OBJECTIVE: To know the positions and practices adopted by nursing students in scientific initiation programs about the principles of scientific integrity in the different stages of the process of doing science. METHOD: An exploratory study of a quantitative nature, in which nursing student participants of the Scientific Initiation Program from the Federal District were interviewed. RESULTS: Fifty (50) nursing students participated in the study. Most of the interviewed participants presented good notions about the process of conducting research in its different stages. Nevertheless, it was found that even though they were familiar with good scientific practices, students did not always behave in the most responsible manner. It was observed that the knowledge on topics related to the ethics of the scientific process was predominantly obtained through formal education, consisting of classes and courses. Nonetheless, the importance of complementary spaces such as research and research groups is recognized. Conclusion: Research experiences are important educational and vocational training spaces for students. Therefore, good research practices need to be included early in the academic curriculum.

Phenomenology in nursing research: reflection based on Heidegger's hermeneutics / Fenomenologia na pesquisa em enfermagem: reflexão com base na hermenêutica de Heidegger / La fenomenología en investigación de enfermería: reflexión en la hermenéutica de Heidegger

Abstract Objective: To reflect on the use of phenomenological analysis in nursing research through the hermeneutical circle of Martin Heidegger. Method: Theoretical reflection based on Martin Heidegger's concepts through literature review. Results: Phenomenology is a philosophical referential to address lived phenomena; Heidegger emphasizes the essence of being in the world bound in experiences, the hermeneutical circle is a methodological referential of analysis to understand the world lived by the being through a pre-understanding; an understanding and an interpretation to reveal the essence of the phenomenon. Conclusions and implications for practice: Nursing can make use the hermeneutic circle to understand, from a philosophical view, the phenomena in the language of those who experience them, to unveil them and to understand the subjectivity of care.

Resumo Objetivo: Refletir sobre o uso da análise fenomenológica na pesquisa em enfermagem por meio do círculo hermenêutico de Martin Heidegger. Método: Reflexão teórica baseada nos conceitos de Martin Heidegger através da revisão de literatura. Resultados: A fenomenologia é um referencial filosófico para abordar os fenômenos vividos. Heidegger enfatiza a essência de estar no mundo envolto em experiências, o círculo hermenêutico é um referencial metodológico de análise para compreender o mundo vivido pelo ser através de uma pré-compreensão, uma compreensão e uma interpretação para desvendar a essência do fenômeno. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: A enfermagem pode fazer uso do círculo hermenêutico para compreender, a partir de uma visão filosófica, os fenômenos na linguagem de quem os vivencia, para revelá-los e compreender a subjetividade do cuidado.

Resumen Objetivo: Reflexionar acerca del uso del análisis fenomenológico en investigación de enfermería a través del círculo hermenéutico de Martín Heidegger. Método: Reflexión teórica basada en conceptos de Martín Heidegger a través de la revisión de literatura. Resultados: La fenomenología es un referencial filosófico para abordar fenómenos vividos; Heidegger enfatiza la esencia del ser en el mundo envuelto en experiencias, el círculo herméutico es un referencial metodológico de análisis para comprender el mundo vivido por el ser a través de una pre-comprensión; una comprensión y una interpretación para desvelar la esencia del fenómeno. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: La enfermería puede hacer uso del círculo hermenéutico para comprender, a partir de una visión filosófica, los fenómenos en el lenguaje de quienes los experimentan, para desvelarlos y comprender la subjetividad del cuidado.

Aspectos éticos del consentimiento informado: tópico fundamental en la investigación a lo largo de la historia / Ethical aspects of informed consent: fundamental topic of research throughout history

Las vulneraciones de los derechos humanos a lo largo de la historia desarrollaron las directrices éticas de la investigación científica. OBJETIVO: Reflexionar sobre los aspectos y principios éticos involucrados, características y principales conflictos actuales relacionados con el proceso del consentimiento informado (CI). RESULTADOS: Los resultados principales dejaron a la luz los principales conflictos al llevar a cabo investigaciones con poblaciones vulnerables, así como también las barreras asociadas a la aplicación y comprensión del proceso de CI. CONCLUSIÓN: La violación de derechos en seres humanos para la investigación dio pie a la creación del CI como medida ética y legal a quienes participan en ella, cuidando especialmente a poblaciones más vulnerables. Además la incorporación de esta temática a la formación de profesionales permitió defender los derechos de los participantes e impedir que actos crueles vuelvan a ocurrir.

Violations of human rights throughout history developed ethical guidelines for scientific research. AIM: Reflection on the aspects and ethical principles involved, main characteristics and current conflicts related to the process of informed consent (IC). RESULTS: The main results showwhat were the main conflicts in conducting research with vulnerable populations, as well as the barriers associated with the application and understanding of IC process. CONCLUSION: violation of human rights for research gaverise to the creation of CI as an ethical and legal measure to those involved in it, especially caring for vulnerable populations. In addition, the incorporation of this subject to the training of professionals allowed to defend the rights of the participants and to prevent cruel acts from happening again

Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups.

The purpose of this paper was to describe the need to protect the rights of human subjects participating in nursing research, and procedures for doing so. The path taken to the task at hand was to approach the topic by discussing the philosophical underpinnings of human subject protection and describing the approach for doing this in all cases where humans are used as research subjects. These underpinnings include specific ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, and the procedures used in the U.S. for protecting the rights of human subjects. Once the process was clarified, the considerations necessary to protect the special groups referred to as ''vulnerable'' are discussed. Given the author's access to U.S. documents and the fact that U.S. government agencies took early steps to formalize rules and regulations for the protection of human subjects, vulnerable or otherwise, the experience of the United States was selected for presentation. It is recognized that there are now relevant international documents that are exceedingly helpful, and also, that various countries may have their own guidelines for investigators to follow. In such cases researchers can engage in comparative analysis between their own guidance and the processes described here, and decide their path accordingly.

[The research and the ethical dilemmas of nursing work]. / A pesquisa e os dilemas éticos do trabalho da Enfermagem.

This paper is a reflection on research and the ethical dilemmas of nursing work, with the primary objective of providing subsidies to help thinking about care, according to professional practice in the field of education, research, and particularly of assistance. We rely on authors who deal about ethics, labor and human condition, finding a link between this knowledge and nursing's doing in its daily practice. We conclude that given the reality of health, amid so many adversities with which we are faced in day-to-day practice, whether in teaching, research or nursing care, to think and to act ethically is a structuring condition, which humanizes and ennobles the profession giving meaning to the actions of its professionals.

Vulnerabilidade e riscos em pesquisas com entrevista / Vulnerability and risks concerned to researches presenting interviews

Este estudo busca desenvolver uma reflexão acerca das precauções a serem tomadas na utilização de entrevistas enquanto instrumento de pesquisa, principalmente quando da abordagem de sujeitos na condição de vulnerabilidade. Pois, a maioria das pessoas acredita que apenas as pesquisas que envolvam experimentos físicos podem trazer riscos aos sujeitos, esquecendo-se que, toda e qualquer pesquisa envolve riscos, e que estes devem ser previstos e analisados pelo pesquisador. Ao mudar essa visão, ampliaremos os nossos horizontes éticos e poderemos refletir sobre as pesquisas que contenham como instrumento de coleta de dados questionamentos, tais como as entrevistas, avaliando criteriosamente o conteúdo das questões, o modo de abordagem das mesmas e até mesmo a relação com o tipo de sujeito que será entrevistado.

Questões éticas em enfermagem: uma análise de problemas éticos em pequisas envolvendo seres humanos / Ethical subjects in nursing: ethical problems analysis research involving human beings

Em pesquisas com seres humanos, devem ser preservados os princípios bioéticos fundamentais. Objetivo deste estudo: levantamento de problemas éticos em pesquisas de enfermeiros, a partir de pareceres dos membros do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FAMERP. Estudo descritivo exploratório, retrospectivo. Foram analisados todos os pareceres (2001 a 2002), através de um roteiro de coleta. A maioria dos pesquisadores pertenciam à FAMERP (85 por cento); os projetos foram realizados principalmente no Hospital de Base (44 por cento); 68 por cento dos projetos estavam adequados; 32 por cento inadequados; 100 por cento considerados relevantes; 60 por cento apresentavam benefícios diretos; 68 por cento dos termos de consentimento estavam adequados, mas 19 por cento apresentavam informação deficiente. Chamou-nos a atenção a estrutura do protocolo onde 21 por cento continham campos inadequados. Destaca-se a necessidade de Educação Continuada junto a estes profissionais.

Feminist Narrative Interpretations: Challenges, Tension and Opportunities for nurse Researcher

An affinity for narrative is shared by researchers across a broad range of disciplines. Narrative inquiry is an option for nurse researchers who are interested in using qualitative methods to explore experiences with nursing, health and illness. In this paper, we discuss the methodological and epistemological challenges, tensions and opportunities we encountered in the process of developing feminist narrative interpretations, an approach to narrative inquiry grounded in both nursing and feminist perspectives