ABSTRACT
CONTEXTO Clínico: De acuerdo con La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) las infecciones nosocomiales son definidas como infecciones asociadas a la atención médica (IAAS) que no estaban presentes en el paciente cuando fue admitido en el hospital. Las infecciones nosocomiales pueden aparecer durante la estancia en el hospital o incluso después del alta. La Infección Nosocomial es un gran problema con importantes repercusiones a nivel humano, social y económico por la morbilidad y mortalidad que genera. Los tipos de IAAS incluyen: Infección de tracto urinario asociada al uso de catéter. Neumonía asociada al uso de ventilador. Infección de sitio quirúrgico. Infección del torrente sanguíneo asociada al uso de catéter. Específicamente en el caso de la Infección de sitio quirúrgico, esta se puede definir como una infección que ocurre después de la cirugía en la parte del cuerpo donde se realizó la operación. La mayoría de los pacientes que tienen cirugías no contraen infecciones. Sin embargo, de cada 100 pacientes que son sometidos a cirugías, aproximadamente entre uno y tres contraen infecciones. Es importante mencionar que desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX se generalizaron las aplicaciones de desinfección y esterilización en las prácticas sanitarias y hospitalarias para evitar las infecciones nosocomiales, y luego de diferentes estudios científicos, especialistas clínicos llegaron a la conclusión que todos los instrumentos que se utilizan durante un procedimiento específico en un paciente requieren ser esterilizados o desinfectados; por ello es conveniente identificar los diferentes tipos de instrumentos según su uso y establecer el manejo para los diferentes grupos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizo una búsqueda em las principales bases de datos bibliográficas. También se realiza búsqueda manual em buscadores genéricos de internet, agencias de evaluación de tecnologias sanitárias. Se priorizó la inclusión de revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis, estúdios clínicos, guías de práctica clínica, evaluaciones de tecnologia sanitária y políticas de cobertura de otros sistemas de salud. CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo con los estándares y directrices previamente articuladas por asociaciones con experiencia en prevención de infecciones, la disponibilidad de IUSS no se considera un sustituto apropiado para mantener un inventario suficiente de instrumentos. La IUSS logrará la esterilización si todos los pasos antes, durante y después del proceso se realizan correctamente y se utilizan de conformidad con las instrucciones específicas del fabricante del dispositivo; fabricante de esterilizadores; y, si corresponde, las instrucciones de uso escritas (IFU) validadas por el fabricante del contenedor. Las prácticas asociadas con el término anticuado de esterilización "rápida" han estado implicadas en infecciones del sitio quirúrgico y se considera que plantean un mayor riesgo de complicaciones debido a las posibles barreras para llevar a cabo completamente todos los pasos de reprocesamiento necesarios. La IUSS también implica un mayor riesgo de contaminación involuntaria durante el traslado al campo estéril y daños a los instrumentos, así como riesgos relacionados con instrumentos mojados y la posibilidad de quemaduras. Por lo tanto, el uso de IUSS, incluso cuando todos los pasos se realizan correctamente, debe limitarse a situaciones en las que existe una necesidad urgente y tiempo insuficiente para procesar un instrumento mediante la central de esterilización. Todas las directrices y manuales de procedimientos enfatizan que "la limpieza, la descontaminación y el enjuague son igualmente críticos y los usuarios deben seguir y completar todos los pasos de procesamiento requeridos, independientemente de los parámetros de exposición a la esterilización que se utilicen. En cada ciclo de IUSS se debe completar el mismo proceso de varios pasos utilizado en las centrales de esterilización para preparar el instrumental. La limpieza debe realizarse en un área que tenga todo el equipo (por ejemplo, fregaderos y lavadoras mecánicas y/o ultrasónicas), agentes de limpieza, herramientas (por ejemplo, cepillos), calidad del agua y disponibilidad de la información necesaria para seguir las instrucciones de uso del fabricante del dispositivo médico con respecto a ambos. limpieza y IUSS. Los parámetros (tiempo de exposición, temperatura y tiempos de secado) de un ciclo IUSS deben determinarse después de revisar las instrucciones de uso para cada uno de los siguientes: el instrumento/dispositivo que se va a esterilizar, el esterilizador y el contenedor. De acuerdo con los manuales de procedimientos, se deben seguir las instrucciones escritas del fabricante del dispositivo para reprocesar cualquier dispositivo reutilizable. Los parámetros del ciclo necesarios para lograr la esterilización están determinados por el diseño de un instrumento, las características de la carga, las capacidades del esterilizador y el embalaje. No se cuenta con un dato epidemiológico de infecciones de sitio quirúrgico por cirugías oculares, no se puede calcular la inversión realizada por la institución para el tratamiento de estas infecciones; la cual, de acuerdo a la experiencia internacional, es de un monto considerable, sin minimizar las consecuencias en la salud física y mental del paciente al sufrir este tipo de infecciones. RECOMENDACIONES: Para que el reprocesamiento de instrumental quirúrgico oftalmológico sea el correcto, se recomienda la priorización de compra de cajas quirúrgicas y piezas de facoemulsificación para las distintas especialidades de cirugía oftalmológica, la cantidad de cajas y piezas de facoemulsificación por comprar deberá estar relacionada con la cantidad de cirugías que se realizan diariamente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Steam , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Sterilization/methods , Health Evaluation/economics , Efficacy , Cost-Benefit AnalysisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the morphological and functional long-term outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation after ocular surface chemical burns. Methods: This prospective study analyzed 7 patients who suffered from severe ocular surface burn and underwent amniotic membrane transplantation from 2015 to 2020 in Hospital de Clínicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Results: Out of the seven patients, six (85.7%) suffered unilateral burn and one (14.3%) suffered bilateral burn. Five of them had alkali burns (71.4%), one had acid burn (14.3%) and one suffered gunpowder fireworks burn (14.3%). Mean age was 29.4 years (±standard deviation 13.3, range 14.0 to 47.0 years). Mean visual acuity at first presentation was 1.83±0.79 logMAR (0.015 decimal) and mean VA after a follow-up of 1 year was 0.85±0.70 logMAR (0.141 decimal). The visual acuity significantly improved from 1.83±0.79 to 0.85±0.70 logMAR (p<0.05). Conclusion: Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective adjunctive treatment in the management of ocular surface chemical burns with potential to improve the final vision outcome.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os resultados morfológicos e funcionais a longo prazo do transplante de membrana amniótica após queimaduras químicas da superfície ocular. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com análise de sete pacientes que sofreram queimaduras graves da superfície ocular e foram submetidos a transplante de membrana amniótica no período de 2015 a 2020 no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Resultados: Dos sete pacientes, seis (85,7%) sofreram queimadura unilateral e um (14,3%) sofreu queimadura bilateral. Cinco deles sofreram queimaduras por álcali (71,4%), um por ácido (14,3%) e um por pólvora de fogo de artifício (14,3%). A média de idade foi de 29,4 anos (±desvio-padrão de 13,3, intervalo de 14,0 a 47,0 anos). A acuidade visual média na primeira apresentação foi de 1,83±0,79 logMAR (0,015 decimal) e, após 1 ano de seguimento, foi de 0,85±0,70 logMAR (0,141 decimal). A acuidade visual melhorou significativamente, de 1,83±0,79 para 0,85±0,70 logMAR (p<0,05). Conclusão: O transplante de membrana amniótica é um tratamento adjuvante eficaz no manejo de queimaduras químicas da superfície ocular com potencial para melhorar a visão final.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Burns, Chemical/surgery , Eye Burns/surgery , Eye Burns/chemically induced , Cornea/surgery , Amnion/transplantation , Tissue Preservation , Visual Acuity , Prospective Studies , Membranes/transplantationABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do colírio de brimonidina 0,2% na redução da hiperemia e do sangramento ocular durante as cirurgias de estrabismo, em comparação com o colírio de nafazolina 0,025% + feniramina 0,3%. Métodos: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes com estrabismo e indicação de correção cirúrgica bilateral. Foi instilado antes do procedimento, de forma aleatória, um colírio em cada olho dos pacientes avaliados. A análise subjetiva da hiperemia conjuntival e do sangramento perioperatório foi realizada de forma duplo-cega, por dois cirurgiões. A avaliação objetiva do nível de hiperemia conjuntival foi realizada por análise das imagens obtidas por meio do software ImageJ®. Resultados: A análise de modelos multivariados de efeito misto indicou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos em relação à hiperemia (avaliador 2) e ao sangramento intraoperatório (avaliadores 1 e 2), com maiores escores nos casos tratados com colírio de nafazolina + feniramina. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística na análise objetiva realizada por meio da saturação de cores obtidas pelo programa ImageJ®. Conclusão: O colírio de brimonidina pode ser superior ao colírio de nafazolina + feniramina na redução do sangramento, levando-se em conta apenas a análise subjetiva.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of 0.2% brimonidine eye drops in reducing hyperemia and ocular bleeding during strabismus surgeries, in comparison with 0.025% naphazoline + 0.3% pheniramine eye drops. Methods: Fourteen patients with strabismus and indication for bilateral surgical correction were evaluated. Before the procedure, the eye drops were instilled randomly in each eye of the evaluated patients. The subjective analysis of conjunctival hyperemia and perioperative bleeding was performed in a double-blind manner, by 02 surgeons. The objective assessment of the level of conjunctival hyperemia was performed by analyzing the images obtained using the ImageJ® software. Results: The analysis of multivariate mixed effect models indicated statistically significant differences between the groups in relation to hyperemia (rater 2) and intraoperative bleeding (raters 1 and 2) with higher scores in cases treated with naphazoline + pheniramine eye drops. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the objective analysis of color saturation obtained by the ImageJ® program. Conclusion: Brimonidine eye drops may be superior to naphazoline + pheniramine eye drops in reducing bleeding, taking into account the subjective analysis only.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Pheniramine/administration & dosage , Eye Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Strabismus/surgery , Brimonidine Tartrate/administration & dosage , Hyperemia/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Naphazoline/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Premedication , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Vasoconstriction/drug effects , Photography , Double-Blind Method , Administration, Topical , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage , Hemostasis, Surgical/methodsABSTRACT
RESUMO O propósito deste estudo foi reportar as alterações oculares observadas após picada de abelha com ferrão retido na córnea. Destacamos o tratamento e o desfecho de uma lesão de córnea incomum e sua patogênese. Trata-se de relato de caso e revisão da literatura de lesões oculares por picada de abelha. Paciente do sexo feminino, 63 anos, procurou atendimento oftalmológico de urgência devido à picada de abelha na córnea do olho direito há 6 dias. Queixava-se de embaçamento visual, dor e hiperemia ocular. Apresentou acuidade visual de vultos no olho afetado. Ao exame, notaram-se hiperemia moderada de conjuntiva bulbar, edema corneano com dobras de Descemet e presença do ferrão alojado na região temporal, no estroma profundo da córnea. A paciente foi internada para ser abordada no centro cirúrgico sob anestesia geral. Durante a cirurgia, o ferrão teve que ser retirado via câmara anterior, mediante a realização de uma paracentese e uma lavagem da câmara anterior, com dupla via e solução salina balanceada. Ainda não existe na literatura um tratamento padrão na abordagem de pacientes com lesões oculares por picada de abelha, sendo importantes a identificação e o reconhecimento precoce de possíveis complicações que ameacem a visão.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to report the ocular changes observed after a bee sting with a stinger retained in the cornea. We show the treatment and outcome of an unusual corneal injury and its pathogenesis. This is a case report and literature review of ocular injuries caused by bee stings. A 63-year-old female patient sought emergency ophthalmic care because of a bee sting on the cornea of her right eye six days before. She complained of blurred vision, pain, and ocular hyperemia. She had glare sensitivity on visual acuity in the affected eye. Examination revealed moderate hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva, corneal edema with Descemet's folds and a stinger lodged in the temporal region, in the deep stroma of the cornea. The patient was admitted to the operating room under general anesthesia. During surgery, the stinger had to be removed via the anterior chamber, by performing a paracentesis and washing the anterior chamber with a double flushing and balanced saline solution. There is still no standard treatment in the literature for patients with eye injuries caused by bee stings, and early identification and recognition of possible sight-threatening complications is important.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bee Venoms/adverse effects , Corneal Edema/etiology , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Corneal Injuries/etiology , Insect Bites and Stings/complications , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Corneal Edema/diagnosis , Corneal Edema/physiopathology , Iridocyclitis , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Corneal Injuries/surgery , Corneal Injuries/diagnosis , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Gonioscopy , Insect Bites and Stings/surgery , Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia is indicated when periods of monocular deviation become longer or control over deviation deteriorates. However, there is no consensus on the ideal age to perform surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia. PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular alignment and sensory results at 12 months of follow-up, in patients who received surgical treatment for intermittent exotropia at ≤4 years or >4 years. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, analytical, and comparative cohort study was carried out, which included 97 patients treated surgically for X(T), divided into two groups, ≤4 years and >4 years. The motor and sensory results of the patients were evaluated on the first day, 1 month and 12 months of postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: In this study, no statistically significant differences were observed in ocular alignment and postoperative sensory results at 1 year of follow-up between both groups. CONCLUSION: Age is not a variable that influences surgical results in patients with intermittent exotropia. Instead of early or delayed surgery, we propose to use the term "timely surgery."
Subject(s)
Exotropia , Humans , Chronic Disease , Exotropia/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Child, Preschool , Age FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective Compare the thickness of conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery using the Moscovici dissection technique with manual dissection and assess the difficulty of the techniques. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 30 eyes of 30 patients undergoing pterygium surgery were divided into the Moscovici Dissection Technique Group and the Manual Dissection Group. The patients were treated at the Hospital Oftalmológico Visão Laser (Santos, São Paulo, Brazil). Optical coherence tomography was performed to measure graft thickness three months postoperatively. Three images were obtained from each eye, and three measurements were taken at a distance of 1.5mm perpendicular to the limbus in each capture. The surgeon graded the difficulty of obtaining the graft with the technique performed from one (lowest difficulty) to four (highest difficulty). Results We found statistically significant difference between the difficulty of the two techniques and the mean conjunctival autograft thickness in the two groups (p=0.01 e p=0.05, respectively). The average difficulty rating for the Moscovici Dissection Technique Group (Air Group) was 1.47, while that for the Manual Dissection Group (MD group) was 2.20. The mean thickness of the three measurements was 252µ in the Air Group and 298µ in the MD Group, with medians of 250µ and 278µ, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed that the Moscovici technique results in thinner grafts and can be performed with greater surgical ease.
RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a espessura de autoenxertos conjuntivais em cirurgia de pterígio utilizando a técnica de dissecção de Moscovici com a de dissecção manual e avaliar a dificuldade das técnicas. Métodos Neste ensaio clínico randomizado, 30 olhos de 30 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de pterígio foram divididos em um Grupo de Técnica de Dissecção de Moscovici e um Grupo de Dissecção Manual. Os pacientes foram tratados e avaliados no Hospital Oftalmológico Visão Laser (Santos, São Paulo, Brasil). A tomografia de coerência óptica foi realizada para medir a espessura do enxerto 3 meses após a cirurgia. Três imagens foram obtidas de cada olho, e três medidas foram realizadas a uma distância de 1,5mm perpendicular ao limbo em cada captura. O cirurgião classificou a dificuldade de obtenção do enxerto com a técnica realizada de um (menor dificuldade) para quatro (maior dificuldade). Resultados Encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a dificuldade das duas técnicas e a espessura média do autoenxerto conjuntival nos dois grupos (p=0,01 e p=0,05, respectivamente). A classificação média de dificuldade para o Grupo de Técnica de Dissecção de Moscovici foi de 1,47, enquanto a do Grupo de Dissecção Manual foi de 2,20. A espessura média das três medidas foi de 252μ no Grupo de Técnica de Dissecção de Moscovici e de 298μ no Grupo de Dissecção Manual, com medianas de 250μ e 278μ, respectivamente. Conclusão Nosso estudo mostrou que a técnica de Moscovici resulta em enxertos mais finos e pode ser realizada com maior facilidade cirúrgica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Transplantation, Autologous/methods , Pterygium/surgery , Conjunctiva/transplantation , Visual Acuity , Conjunctiva/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Autografts/pathology , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Intraocular PressureABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the results of horizontal rectus muscle recession-plication with vertical displacement in the treatment of combined vertical and horizontal strabismus. METHODS: From October 2016 to December 2019, 15 patients with horizontal deviation of 15Δ-60Δ, 3 associated with vertical deviation of 8Δ and 12 with vertical deviation of 10Δ-20Δ, underwent horizontal strabismus surgery (recession-plication) in addition to vertical displacement of both horizontal rectus, half or total muscle width, depending on whether the amount of vertical strabismus was small (8Δ) or large (10Δ-20Δ), respectively. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients (8 females) were included; average age at surgery was 27 years. All cases showed improvement in alignment of the eyes, with a single case showing a small residual vertical deviation (4Δ).There were no intra- or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrates the feasibility of this vessel-sparing recession-plication technique in the treatment of combined horizontal and vertical deviations, without the need to operate on vertical muscles.
Subject(s)
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Strabismus , Adult , Eye Movements , Female , Humans , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Strabismus/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Aberrant regeneration in third nerve palsies, linking medial rectus contraction to the levator palpebrae muscle, is a great opportunity for surgical planning to address both the ptosis and horizontal deviation in a single procedure. We report a case of severe ptosis associated with exotropia that was successfully corrected with a single horizontal strabismus surgery owing to aberrant regeneration and discuss the basis underlying the surgical planning.
Subject(s)
Blepharoptosis , Exotropia , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases , Strabismus , Blepharoptosis/surgery , Exotropia/surgery , Humans , Oculomotor Muscles/innervation , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Strabismus/surgeryABSTRACT
RESUMO O pterígio é uma das doenças que mais acomete a superfície ocular, principalmente em regiões próximas ao Equador. Ocorre principalmente em adultos jovens, podendo ocasionar sintomas, danos estéticos e ópticos. Relata-se um caso de exérese de pterígio classificado pela extensão corneana em grau II e, pela vascularização, em grau 2 de Tan, com cirurgia prévia de LASIK, a partir de uma nova técnica, a técnica de Moscovici, a qual fundamenta-se na dissecção com bolha de ar, com a finalidade de separar o epitélio conjuntival do estroma profundo e da Tenon, com maior facilidade e rapidez e para obter enxertos finos.
ABSTRACT Pterygium is one of the diseases that most affect the ocular surface, especially in regions close to the equator. It mainly affects young adults and can cause symptoms, as well as aesthetic and optical impairment. We report a case of pterygium excision classified by grade II corneal extension and Tan grade 2 vascularization with previous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, using a new technique, the Moscovici technique, which is based on dissection with an air bubble to separate easier and faster the conjunctival epithelium from the deep stroma and the Tenon, obtaining thinner grafts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tissue Adhesives , Pterygium/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Transplantation, Autologous , Pterygium/classification , Pterygium/etiology , Visual Acuity , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/therapeutic use , Conjunctiva/transplantation , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Air , InjectionsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT We propose a novel surgical technique in cases of aggressive recurrent pterygium non-subsidiary of treatment with conjunctival autografts or antimetabolites. Two presented cases were treated with surgical excision and a sutured plasma rich in growth factors membrane (mPRGF) followed by rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drops treatment. After surgery, dexamethasone, tobramycin and PRGF eye drops were prescribed for 6 weeks. After a 12-month and 3-year post-surgical follow-up respectively, treated eyes with mPRGF did not present relapse, and visual acuity improved in both cases. No ocular complications, pain, eye discomfort nor other symptoms were observed. The combined use of PRGF eye drops and mPRGF seems an effective and safe therapy for recurrent pterygium.
RESUMO Nós propomos uma nova técnica cirúrgica em casos de pterígio agressivo recorrente não subsidiário de tratamento com autoenxertos conjuntivais ou antimetabólitos. Dois casos foram tratados com excisão cirúrgica e um plasma suturado rico em membrana de fatores de crescimento (mPRGF), seguido de tratamento com colírios ricos em fatores de crescimento (PRGF). Após a cirurgia, foram prescritos colírios de dexametasona, tobramicina e PRGF por 6 semanas. Após 12 meses e 3 anos de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico respectivamente, os olhos tratados com mPRGF não apresentaram recidiva e a acuidade visual melhorou nos dois casos. Não foram observadas complicações oculares, dor, desconforto ocular ou outros sintomas. O uso combinado de colírios de PRGF e mPRGF parece uma terapia eficaz e segura para o pterígio recorrente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Pterygium/surgery , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Platelet-Rich Fibrin , Ophthalmic Solutions , Recurrence , Reoperation , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Biological Dressings , Fibrin/therapeutic use , Platelet Activation , Tissue Transplantation/methods , Tissue EngineeringABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the unexpected finding of ocular surface neoplasia (OSSN) on conjunctival tissue removed during pterygium surgery and subjected to histopathology analysis. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive retrospective study in which all the samples removed during surgery between 1997 and 2020 with a clinical diagnosis of pterygium were sent for histopathology analysis in which an unexpected OSSN was found. RESULTS: There were 461 cases with a preoperative diagnosis of pterygium, with a mean age of 30.14 ± 10.6 years. In this group, there was an unexpected finding of OSSN in 69 cases (14.96%) of the surgical samples, with a mean age of 46 ± 8.2 years (31.86 ± 12.13). CONCLUSIONS: The unexpected coincidence of pterygium and OSSN is frequent, although varies depending on the geographical location. We recommend performing a histopathology analysis on every pterygium removed.
Subject(s)
Conjunctiva/pathology , Conjunctival Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Pterygium/surgery , Adult , Biopsy , Colombia/epidemiology , Conjunctival Neoplasms/diagnosis , Conjunctival Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
RESUMO Apresenta-se uma série de 13 casos de pacientes com estrabismo sensorial de grande ângulo submetidos à técnica cirúrgica de autotransplante da musculatura ocular extrínseca. Foi realizada a técnica de recuo-ressecção dos músculos retos horizontais, e o retalho retirado do músculo ressecado foi suturado ao músculo enfraquecido como expansor autólogo. Foram avaliadas seis exotropias e sete esotropias, com desvios médios de 75 (70-90) dioptrias prismáticas (DP). Houve melhora significativa dos desvios no pós-operatório, sendo a média pós-operatória de 10,07 dioptrias prismáticas (ortotropia a 35DP). Somente um dos casos evoluiu com inversão do desvio após procedimento cirúrgico.
ABSTRACT We report 13 cases of large angle sensory strabismus treated with autologous graft of extraocular muscle. Recession-resection procedure of the horizontal rectus muscles was performed, and the flap from the resected muscle was sutured to the weakened muscle as an autologous expander. Six cases of exotropia and seven of esotropia, with mean prism diopter deviation of 75 (range of 70-90). There was significant improvement in the postoperative deviation, and mean prism diopter of 10.07 (range of no deviation to 35). Only one patient progressed with inverted misalignment after the surgical procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Strabismus/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/transplantation , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Transplantation, Autologous , Amblyopia , Free Tissue FlapsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purposes: To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. Results: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. Conclusion: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.
RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar os problemas causados pelo desequilíbrio do volume da cavidade da prótese em cavidades anoftálmicas, e avaliar a reabilitação com enxerto de dermofato como solução. Métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente os prontuários de pacientes operados em nossa clínica (entre maio de 2011 e junho de 2016) com enxertos de dermofato para tratar problemas relacionados a cavidades anoftálmicas. Durante os exames pré-operatórios, os oftalmologistas registraram a presença de problemas palpebrais devido ao déficit de volume, deficiência de fórnice superior e inferior, aprofundamento no sulco palpebral superior, a epífora e secreção, flacidez palpebral inferior, ptose, entrópio e ectrópio. Após a cirurgia, novas próteses adequadas para a área de encaixe foram implementadas em todos os pacientes. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 27,42 ± 16 meses (variando de 10 a 62 meses). Nos últimos exames de controle, os oftalmologistas registraram problemas corrigidos e não corrigidos da cavidade que estavam presentes no pré-operatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 homens e 5 mulheres neste estudo. A média de idade foi de 38,3 ± 18,4 anos (variação de 5-75 anos). A duração média do uso de prótese pré-operatória foi de 9,4 ± 6,8 anos (variação de 1 a 30 anos). No pré-operatório, 7 pacientes apresentavam apenas déficit orbitais e 14 tinham desvios de volume, além dos déficits de volume. Após os implantes de enxerto de dermoadipação, os déficits remanescentes foram corrigidos durante outra sessão cirúrgica: 6 pacientes foram submetidos a correção de ptose, 5 suspensões de cantal lateral, 5 fórnix inferior com enxerto de mucosa e 2 formações de fórnice superior com enxerto de mucosa. Todos os pacientes foram capazes de usar prótese no pós-operatório. Conclusão: A utilização de enxertos de dermofato para corrigir problemas de anoftalmia causados por déficits de volume orbital ou deslocamento de volume é um método cirúrgico eficaz, confiável e reprodutível.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Orbit/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Anophthalmos/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Orbital Implants/adverse effects , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Eyelids/surgeryABSTRACT
PURPOSES: To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. RESULTS: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.
Subject(s)
Anophthalmos/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Orbit/surgery , Orbital Implants/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Eyelids/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate three superior oblique surgical weakening procedures for correcting A-pattern strabismus: tenectomy, superior oblique hang-back recession, and that involving the use of superior oblique suture spacers. Methods: The inclusion criteria were A-pattern strabismus ≥10Δ and horizontal deviation ≥10Δ, with no other ocular abnormality and a follow-up period of ≥6 months. The 24 patients (mean age, 16.3 ± 8.1 years; mean postoperative follow-up, 9.63 ± 3.11 months) were randomly divided into three groups of 8 patients each. Sigmascan® Pro 5.0 software was used to measure the degree of torsion pre- and postoperatively. Results: Preoperatively, the mean angles of A-pattern deviation were 19.33Δ° ± 3.53Δ° (tenectomy group), 15.71Δ° ± 1.11Δ° (hang-back recession group), and 14.62Δ° ± 1.18Δ° (suture spacers group); these values did not differ significantly. At the final follow-up examination, the mean angles of A-pattern deviation were 4.67Δ° ± 0.67Δ° (tenectomy group), 6.29Δ° ± 1.48Δ° (hang-back recession group), and 4.38Δ° ± 1.03Δ° (suture spacers group), with no statistically significant difference in the correction in A-pattern strabismus among the three groups. Preoperatively, the mean torsional angles were +5.4° ± 3.9° (tenectomy group), +5.6° ± 4.9° (hang-back recession group), and +6.0° ± 3.3° (suture spacers group); these values did not differ significantly. At the final follow-up examination, the mean torsional angles were + 0.3° ± 5.6° (tenectomy group), +0.5° ± 4.6° (hang-back recession group), and +0.2° ± 5.2° (suture spacers group), with no statistically significant difference in the intorsion correction among the three groups. Conclusion: All three superior oblique weakening procedures were effective for correcting A-pattern strabismus and fundus intorsion.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar três procedimentos de debilitamento dos músculos oblíquos superiores para a correção de estrabismo com padrão em A: tenectomia, sutura em rédea (hang-back recession) e o uso de espaçadores de sutura oblíqua superior. Métodos: Os critérios de inclusão foram estrabismo padrão em A ≥10Δ e desvio horizontal ≥10Δ, sem outras anormalidades oculares e tempo de acompanhamento ≥6 meses. Os 24 pacientes (média de idade de 16,3 ± 8,1 anos; média de seguimento pós-operatório de 9,63 ± 3,11 meses) foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de 8 pacientes cada. O programa Sigmascan® Pro 5.0 foi utilizado para medir o grau de torção no pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: No pré-operatório, a média e o desvio padrão dos ângulos de padrão em A foram de 19,33Δ° ± 3,53Δ° (grupo da tenectomia), 15,71Δ° ± 1,11Δ° (grupo da sutura em rédea), 14,62Δ° ± 1,18Δ° (grupo de espaçadores de sutura); esses valores não diferiram significativamente. No exame pós-operatório, a média e o desvio padrão dos ângulos de desvio do padrão em A foram de 4,67Δ° ± 0,67Δ° (grupo da tenectomia), 6,29Δ° ± 1,48Δ° (grupo da sutura em rédea), 4,38Δ° ± 1,03Δ° (grupo de espaçadores de sutura), sem diferença estatisticamente significativa na correção do estrabismo padrão em A entre os três grupos. No pré-operatório, os ângulos médios de torção foram de +5,4o ± 3,9° (grupo de tenectomia), +5,6° ± 4,9° (grupo da sutura em rédea), e +6,0° ± 3,3° (grupo de espaçadores de sutura), esses valores não diferiram significativamente. No pós-operatório, os ângulos médios de torção foram de +0,3° ± 5,6° (grupo da tenectomia), +0,5° ± 4,6° (grupo da sutura em rédea), e +0,2° ± 5,2° (grupo de espaçadores de sutura), sem diferença estatisticamente significativa na correção da intorção entre os três grupos. Conclusão: Os três procedimentos de debilitamento dos músculos oblíquos superiores foram efetivos para a correção do estrabismo com padrão em A e da intorção ocular observada na fundoscopia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Strabismus/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Tendons/surgery , Visual Acuity , Strabismus/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Preoperative Period , Fundus Oculi , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate three superior oblique surgical weakening procedures for correcting A-pattern strabismus: tenectomy, superior oblique hang-back recession, and that involving the use of superior oblique suture spacers. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were A-pattern strabismus ≥10Δ and horizontal deviation ≥10Δ, with no other ocular abnormality and a follow-up period of ≥6 months. The 24 patients (mean age, 16.3 ± 8.1 years; mean postoperative follow-up, 9.63 ± 3.11 months) were randomly divided into three groups of 8 patients each. Sigmascan® Pro 5.0 software was used to measure the degree of torsion pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean angles of A-pattern deviation were 19.33Δ° ± 3.53Δ° (tenectomy group), 15.71Δ° ± 1.11Δ° (hang-back recession group), and 14.62Δ° ± 1.18Δ° (suture spacers group); these values did not differ significantly. At the final follow-up examination, the mean angles of A-pattern deviation were 4.67Δ° ± 0.67Δ° (tenectomy group), 6.29Δ° ± 1.48Δ° (hang-back recession group), and 4.38Δ° ± 1.03Δ° (suture spacers group), with no statistically significant difference in the correction in A-pattern strabismus among the three groups. Preoperatively, the mean torsional angles were +5.4° ± 3.9° (tenectomy group), +5.6° ± 4.9° (hang-back recession group), and +6.0° ± 3.3° (suture spacers group); these values did not differ significantly. At the final follow-up examination, the mean torsional angles were + 0.3° ± 5.6° (tenectomy group), +0.5° ± 4.6° (hang-back recession group), and +0.2° ± 5.2° (suture spacers group), with no statistically significant difference in the intorsion correction among the three groups. CONCLUSION: All three superior oblique weakening procedures were effective for correcting A-pattern strabismus and fundus intorsion.
Subject(s)
Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Strabismus/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Strabismus/physiopathology , Tendons/surgery , Visual Acuity , Young AdultABSTRACT
The authors report 2 consecutive adult male patients, aged 61 and 38 years, who presented with painless unilateral proptosis. Their past medical histories were negative for asthma, allergies, and Graves disease. On examination, the nose bridge of the eldest patient was clearly enlarged. Computed tomography scans of the orbits and paranasal sinuses showed in both patients the same radiologic pattern of hyperdense ethmoidal opacifications and expansion of the inferomedial orbital floor. Histopathological analysis of the ethmoidal cells mucosa obtained during inferomedial decompression revealed benign sinonasal polyposis. These cases demonstrate that asymptomatic sinonasal polyposis can be a rare cause of proptosis.
Subject(s)
Exophthalmos/etiology , Nasal Polyps/complications , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/complications , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Endoscopy , Exophthalmos/diagnosis , Exophthalmos/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Polyps/diagnosis , Nasal Polyps/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Polyps/complications , Polyps/diagnosis , Polyps/surgery , Rare Diseases , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of the surgical technique described by Crouch in the correction of lateral rectal paralysis (LR) esotropia. Methods: A study conducted of six patients with VI cranial nerve palsy, with more than three months, and associated contracture of the medial rectus muscle. The causes of paralysis varied in traumatic, congenital and neuropathic. The patients underwent surgical correction, performed with a technique consisting of the instillation of the superior rectus muscle (SR) and its suture above the insertion of the LR muscle, completed with Foster´s suture (suture joining, 8mm of the muscle insertion, the body of the SR and LR). The patients were followed for six months. Results: Five patients presented preoperative deviation between 30 and 50 prismatic diopter (PD), and one patient presented a deviation greater than 100 PD, and therefore, the patient required surgical reintervention due to residual deviation. The other five patients presented postoperative orthoppy, with better visual acuity and no vertical deviations. Conclusion: The surgery proposed by Crouch has been shown to be a good alternative to conventional techniques, such as Carlson-Jampolsky surgery, being a technically simpler procedure with good results.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar resultados da técnica cirúrgica descrita por Crouch na correção de esotropia por paralisia do reto lateral (RL). Métodos: Estudo realizado com seis pacientes diagnosticados com paralisia de IV par craniano, com mais de três meses, e com contratura associada do musculo reto medial. As causas da paralisia variaram em traumática, congênita e neuropática. Os pacientes foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica, realizada com técnica que consiste na desinserção do músculo reto superior (RS) e sua sutura acima da inserção do músculo RL, completada com ponto de Foster (sutura unindo, a 8mm da inserção muscular, o corpo do RS e RL). Os pacientes foram seguidos por seis meses. Resultados: Cinco pacientes apresentaram, no pré-operatório, desvio entre 30 e 50 dioptrias prismáticas (DP), e um paciente apresentava desvio maior que 100DP, sendo, portanto o paciente que necessitou de reintervenção cirúrgica, por desvio residual. Os outros cinco pacientes apresentaram ortotropia no pós-operatório, com melhor da acuidade visual e sem desvios verticais. Conclusão: A cirurgia proposta por Crouch demostrou-se uma boa alternativa às técnicas convencionais, como cirurgia de Carlson-Jampolsky, sendo um procedimento tecnicamente mais simples e com bons resultados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Esotropia/surgery , Abducens Nerve Diseases/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Esotropia/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Military personnel are at greater risks of head and facial traumas and permanent blindness from orbital compartment syndrome in modern warfare. Rapid treatment must be implemented with a low-risk surgical remedy: lateral canthotomy and cantholysis (LCC). Traditional training of LCC is primarily performed using an animal tissue trainer (ATT); however, limitations to these types of trainers exist. Therefore, our research objectives were focused on highlighting the effectiveness, benefits, and vision-saving potential of learning LCC on a synthetic trainer. METHODS: Participants included 22 second-year medical students and 6 healthcare professionals. A pre-quiz assessed baseline knowledge. Next, an experienced ophthalmologist provided an overview and instruction. Subjects were randomized to either the synthetic trainer or the ATT and then switched to the other model for comparison. After performing LCC procedures on both models, a post-quiz and survey were administered. RESULTS: Participants found the synthetic trainer easier to use than the ATT model (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant preference (p = 0.23), or preference of practical eye anatomy (p = 0.26) between the trainers. Post-quiz results demonstrated an overall improvement from pre-quiz scores for participants (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The synthetic trainer is comparable to the traditional swine model for training LCC procedures, and should be considered as a future training platform.
Subject(s)
Equipment Design/standards , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/education , Patient Simulation , Teaching/standards , Animals , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Educational Measurement/methods , Humans , Lacrimal Apparatus/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , SwineABSTRACT
Resumo Na medicina moderna, lesões traumáticas neonatais durante o parto são raras. Mais raras ainda são as relatadas por ocasião de um parto cesárea. Reporta-se o primeiro caso descrito de laceração palpebral e canicular neonatal em parto cesáreo. Descreve-se o trabalho conjunto de diagnóstico oportuno por parte da equipe de pediatria e a pronta intervenção cirúrgica oftalmológica num caso bem conduzido de laceração palpebral e canalicular à direita. O lactente apresenta-se sem prejuízo funcional permanente durante seguimento pós-operatório.
Abstract In modern medicine, neonatal traumatic injuries during childbirth are rare. More rarely are those during a cesarean birth. That is the first reported case of palpebral laceration and neonatal canicular cesarean section. We describe the joint work of early diagnosis by the pediatric team and the prompt ophthalmologic surgical intervention in a well-conducted case of right palpebral and canalicular laceration. The infant presents without permanent functional impairment during postoperative follow-up.