ABSTRACT
É fundamental oferecer subsídios para que os atores do planejamento em saúde possam aprimorar o monitoramento e avaliação dos resultados das metas pactuadas nos instrumentos de planejamento. Partindo-se deste princípio, a cartilha tem por objetivo auxiliar na sistematização desta prática visando qualificar a gestão de resultados.
Subject(s)
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Health Planning/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Introdução: O aumento progressivo de medidas avançadas para manutenção da vida em pacientes com pouca expectativa de sobrevida gera percepção de cuidado desproporcional. Objetivamos averiguar a prevalência de cuidado desproporcional em equipe médica e enfermagem que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) em um hospital público do Brasil.Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo equipe médica e enfermagem em uma UTI multidisciplinar de 34 leitos de um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil de janeiro a julho de 2019. Ao total 151 profissionais responderam a um questionário eletrônico anônimo.Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 49,5%. Cento e dezoito (78,1%) profissionais identificaram cuidado desproporcional no ambiente de trabalho. Enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem receberam menos treinamento formal em comunicação de fim de vida do que médicos (10,6% versus 57,6%, p < 0,001). Vinte e nove (28,1%) enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem e 4 (0,08%) médicos responderam que não havia discussão sobre terminalidade na UTI (p = 0,006). Quarenta e três (89,5%) médicos afirmaram que havia colaboração entre equipe médica e equipe de enfermagem, ao passo que 58 (56,3%) enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem discordaram da assertiva (p < 0,001).Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo sobre percepção de cuidado desproporcional conduzido na América Latina, envolvendo residentes e técnicos de enfermagem e um centro de alta complexidade do sistema público de saúde. A vasta maioria dos profissionais percebe a existência de cuidado desproporcional em sua prática diária, independentemente da classe profissional.
Introduction: The increased use of life-sustaining measures in patients with poor long- and middle-term expected survival concerns health care providers regarding disproportionate care. The objective of this study was to report the prevalence of perceived inappropriate care among intensive care unit (ICU) staff physicians, training physicians, nurses, and practical nurses in a Brazilian public hospital.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with the medical and nursing team of a 34-bed multidisciplinary ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital in Southern Brazil from January to July 2019. A total of 151 professionals completed an anonymous electronic survey. Results: The response rate was 49.5%. One hundred and eighteen (78.1%) respondents reported disproportionate care in the work environment. Nurses and practical nurses were less likely to receive formal training on end-of-life communication compared to physicians (10.6% vs. 57.6%, p < 0.001). Twenty-nine (28.1%) nurses and practical nurses vs. 4 (0.08%) physicians claimed that there were no palliative care deliberations in the ICU (p = 0.006). Of 48 senior and junior physicians, 43 (89.5%) believed that collaboration between physicians and nurses was good, whereas 58 out of 103 (56.3%) nurses and practical nurses disagreed (p < 0.001).Conclusion: This is the first survey on the perception of inappropriate care conducted in Latin America. The study included junior physicians and practical nurses working in a high-complexity medical center associated with the Brazilian public health system. Most health care providers perceived disproportionate care in their daily practice, regardless of their professional class.
Subject(s)
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Medical Overuse/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/organization & administration , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Physicians/psychology , Terminal Care/statistics & numerical data , Licensed Practical Nurses/psychology , Nurses/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analizar el resultado del estado actual en pacientes renales crónicos en hemodiálisis. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, realizado con 25 pacientes sometidos a la terapia dialítica en un hospital terciario mediante realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, examen físico y análisis de resultados de los exámenes de laboratorio. Para el análisis de las inferencias diagnósticas se utilizó el raciocinio clínico de Alfaro-LeFevre y luego se aplicó el Modelo de Análisis del Resultado del Estado Actual. RESULTADOS: Fueron inferidos 12 diagnósticos de enfermería encontrados en el 70% de la muestra, siendo la ansiedad, el diagnóstico prioritario. Para minimizar los cambios en la salud del paciente, las intervenciones seleccionadas fueron: enseñanza: procedimiento/tratamiento; promoción del ejercicio, relajación muscular progresiva; distracción/falta de atención; apoyo emocional; control de la nutrición, y la mejora de la socialización. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica del raciocinio clínico utilizada por este modelo puede contribuir con la agilidad y ejecución del proceso de enfermería
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the result of the current state in chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis. METHOD: quantitative study performed with 25 patients undergoing dialysis therapy in a tertiary hospital through the accomplishment of semi-structured interviews, physical examination and analysis of laboratory test results. In order to analyze the diagnostic inferences, we used the clinical reasoning of Alfaro-LeFevre and then applied the Outcome-Present State Test Model. RESULTS: we inferred 12 nursing diagnoses found in 70% of the sample, where anxiety was the priority diagnosis. In order to minimize changes in the health of the patient, the interventions chosen were: teaching: procedure/treatment; exercise promotion; progressive muscle relaxation; distraction/inattention; emotional support; nutrition control; and improved socialization. CONCLUSION: the clinical reasoning technique used by this model can contribute to the agility and execution of the nursing process
OBJETIVO: Analisar o resultado do estado atual em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo, realizado com 25 pacientes submetidos à terapia dialítica em um hospital terciário mediante realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, exame físico e análise de resultados dos exames laboratoriais. Para a análise das inferências diagnósticas utilizou-se o raciocínio clínico de Alfaro-LeFevre e em seguida aplicou-se o Modelo de Análise do Resultado do Estado Atual. RESULTADOS: Foram inferidos 12 diagnósticos de enfermagem encontrados em 70% da amostra, sendo a ansiedade, o diagnóstico prioritário. Para minimizar as alterações na saúde do paciente, as intervenções selecionadas foram: ensino: procedimento/tratamento; promoção do exercício, relaxamento muscular progressivo; distração/desatenção; apoio emocional; controle da nutrição; e melhora da socialização. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica do raciocínio clínico utilizada por este modelo pode contribuir com a agilidade e execução do processo de enfermagem
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis/methods , Renal Dialysis/nursing , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/nursing , Models, Nursing , Nephrology Nursing/methods , Patient Care Planning/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , MorbidityABSTRACT
RESUMO A criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil, em 1988, representou avanços na organização sistêmica e descentralização da gestão única; entretanto, passados 30 anos a governança de resultados parece frágil. A nova gestão pública tem exigido esforços de monitoramento de resultados, controladoria e responsabilização dos gastos (accountability). Este estudo explora a translação de conhecimentos de uma amostra de gestores e profissionais (stakeholders), para validação de um painel de indicadores do SUS. A aplicação dos instrumentos de captação e validação das percepções obteve resultados das três fases iniciais (n=108) que consolidaram um instrumento aplicado para validação de campo (n=112), cuja análise descritiva validou cinco dimensões e 24 indicadores-chave para gestão de resultados em organizações de saúde. A análise inferencial gerou um modelo final que garantiu confiabilidade e validade das cinco dimensões (macrodomínios), mas apenas de 17 indicadores (domínios) de desempenho propostos pelos decisores a partir de seus conhecimentos prévios.
ABSTRACT The creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, in 1988, represented advances in the systemic organization and decentralization of the unified management; however, after 30 years the governance of results seems fragile. The new public management has demanded efforts to monitor results, controllership and accountability. This study explores the translation of knowledge from a sample of managers and professionals (stakeholders), for validation of a panel of SUS indicators. The application of perceptual capture and validation instruments yielded results from the three initial phases (n=108), which consolidated an instrument validated for field validation (n=112), whose descriptive analysis validated five dimensions and 24 key indicators for management of results in health organizations. Inferential analysis generated a final model that guaranteed reliability and validity of the five dimensions (macrodomains), but only of 17 performance indicators (domains) proposed by the decision makers based on their previous knowledge.
Subject(s)
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Health Systems/economics , Public Health Services/organization & administration , Health Evaluation , Brazil , Health Status IndicatorsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Internal Medicine/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Comorbidity , Patient Transfer/trends , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos: La alfabetización en salud (AS) se ha asociado con menor mortalidad en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) relativamente jóvenes y de alto nivel educativo en Estados Unidos. Este estudio evalúa la asociación de la AS con el conocimiento de la enfermedad, el autocuidado y la mortalidad por cualquier causa en pacientes muy ancianos con muy bajo nivel educativo. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo con 556 pacientes (media de edad, 85 años) con mucha comorbilidad admitidos por IC en las unidades geriátricas de 6 hospitales españoles. El 74% de los pacientes tenían estudios inferiores a los primarios y el 71%, función sistólica conservada. La AS se valoró con el cuestionario Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults; el conocimiento sobre la IC, con el cuestionario de DeWalt, y el autocuidado, con la European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Resultados: El conocimiento sobre la IC aumenta con la AS; comparado con el tercil inferior de AS, el coeficiente beta multivariado (IC95%) de conocimiento sobre la IC fue 0,60 (0,01-1,19) en el segundo tercil y 0,87 (0,24-1,50) en el tercil superior (p de tendencia = 0,008). Sin embargo, la AS no se asoció con el autocuidado de la IC. En los 12 meses de seguimiento hubo 189 muertes. Comparado con el tercil inferior de AS, la HR multivariable (IC95%) de mortalidad fue 0,84 (0,56-1,27) en el segundo tercil y 0,99 (0,65-1,51) en el tercil superior (p de tendencia = 0,969). Conclusiones: No se observó asociación entre la AS y la mortalidad a los 12 meses. Esto puede explicarse en parte por la falta de asociación entre AS y autocuidado (AU)
Introduction and objectives: Health literacy (HL) has been associated with lower mortality in heart failure (HF). However, the results of previous studies may not be generalizable because the research was conducted in relatively young and highly-educated patients in United States settings. This study assessed the association of HL with disease knowledge, self-care, and all-cause mortality among very old patients, with a very low educational level. Methods: This prospective study was performed in 556 patients (mean age, 85 years), with high comorbidity, admitted for HF to the geriatric acute-care unit of 6 hospitals in Spain. About 74% of patients had less than primary education and 71% had preserved systolic function. Health literacy was assessed with the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults questionnaire, knowledge of HF with the DeWalt questionnaire, and HF self-care with the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Results: Disease knowledge progressively increased with HL; compared with being in the lowest (worse) tertile of HL, the multivariable beta coefficient (95%CI) of the HF knowledge score was 0.60 (0.01-1.19) in the second tertile and 0.87 (0.24-1.50) in the highest tertile, P-trend = .008. However, no association was found between HL and HF self-care. During the 12 months of follow-up, there were 189 deaths. Compared with being in the lowest tertile of HL, the multivariable HR (95%CI) of mortality was 0.84 (0.56-1.27) in the second tertile and 0.99 (0.65-1.51) in the highest tertile, P-trend = .969. Conclusions: No association was found between HL and 12-month mortality. This could be partly due to the lack of a link between HL and self-care (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Heart Failure/mortality , Health Literacy/methods , Self Care/methods , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Comorbidity , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Confidence IntervalsABSTRACT
La variabilidad clínica y la incertidumbre profesional en la prevención y tratamiento de las úlceras venosas de la extremidad inferior (UV) traen, como principal consecuencia, el hecho de que los pacientes puedan verse sometidos a pruebas diagnósticas y terapéuticas, a veces de dudosa utilidad, o incluso que estas puedan resultar nocivas para la salud del paciente o que, en otras ocasiones, puedan llegar a omitirse determinados procedimientos o procesos que sí podrían resultar adecuados a la situación y necesidades del paciente. Es por ello que surgen una serie de documentos específicos denominados guías de práctica clínica para el abordaje de las UV (GPC-UV), con la finalidad de mejorar la efectividad y la calidad de los cuidados, disminuir la variabilidad injustificada y establecer criterios homogéneos para su manejo. Sin embargo, la literatura recoge que no todas las GPC tienen el mismo criterio metodológico y de elaboración de la evidencia, por lo que muchas de ellas son de escasa calidad científica y rigor editorial. Esto implica que las GPC deben ser revisadas y actualizadas periódicamente en función de la evidencia más actual, y su calidad contrastada con instrumentos validados como el AGREE-II. Tras un análisis de la calidad de 6 GPC-UV disponibles en la actualidad, se ha podido identificar qué guías son recomendables para su implementación en la práctica asistencial y cuáles deberían modificarse para mejorar su aplicabilidad y desarrollo de las evidencias (AU)
The clinical variability and professional uncertainty in the prevention and treatment of lower extremity venous ulcers (VU) has as a main consequence, the fact that patients can be subjected to diagnostic and therapeutic tests, sometimes of dubious utility, these may even be harmful to the health of the patient and that, at other times, certain procedures or processes that may be appropriate to the patient's situation and needs may be omitted. It is for this reason that a series of specific documents called clinical practice guidelines for the approach of VU (CPG-VU) have been created, with the aim of improving the effectiveness and quality of care, reducing unjustified variability and establishing homogeneous criteria for its handling. Nevertheless, the literature shows that not all CPGs have the same methodological and evidence-drawing criteria. Many of them are of poor scientific quality and editorial rigor. This implies that CPGs should be periodically reviewed and updated based on the most current evidence and their quality contrasted with validated instruments such as AGREE-II. After an analysis of the quality of six CPG-VU available today, it has been possible to identify what guidelines are recommended for its implementation in the practice of care, which should be modified to improve their applicability and development of the evidence (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Quality of Health Care/standards , Varicose Ulcer/diagnosis , Varicose Ulcer/therapy , Lower Extremity/pathology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standardsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de resultados clínicos negativos-RNM en pacientes hospitalizados con prescripción de medicamentos trazadores/señaladores durante su estancia hospitalaria. Método: Diseño: Estudio de cohorte abierta. Ámbito: Institución de Salud de alta complejidad -Medellín. Periodo: noviembre 2013-noviembre 2015. Muestra: Grupos (expuestos y no expuestos) se clasificaron como pacientes con uno o más medicamentos trazadores y sin ellos, en una relación 1 (expuestos): 2 (no expuestos); ambos grupos se parearon por variables socio-demográficas y clínicas; edad con una diferencia no mayor a +/-5 años, sexo, diagnóstico principal y comorbilidades principalmente. Variables: número de medicamentos trazadores; mediante seguimiento farmacoterapéutico - SFT se identificaron problemas de necesidad, efectividad y seguridad asociados a los medicamentos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 324 pacientes, 108 (33,3%) expuestos y 216 (66,7%) no expuestos. La edad media fue 52 años (DE 25,7), 198 (61%) hombres. El 31,2% (101) de los pacientes presentó algún tipo de RNM. En los expuestos, la incidencia de RNM fue 43,5% (47 pacientes) y en los no expuestos la frecuencia de RNM fue 25% (54 pacientes). Se observó mayor incidencia de RNM en pacientes con 2 a 3 medicamentos (49,1%). El riesgo asociado a la exposición al factor de riesgo (RR) fue 1,74 (IC95%:1,27-2,39) (P=0,001). Conclusiones: El riesgo relativo (RR) obtenido fue 1,74 (IC95%:1,27-2,39) (P=0,001), indicando que la utilización de medicamentos trazadores/señaladores se asocia a la presentación de RNM. Por tanto, esta estrategia se podría utilizar para la identificación, priorización y selección de pacientes en los programas de farmacoseguridad
Objective: To determine the incidence of negative clinical results - MNR in hospitalized patients with prescription of tracer/marker drugs during their hospital stay. Method: Design: open cohort study. Scope: high complexity Health Institution - Medellin. Period: November 2013 - November 2015. Sample: groups (exposed and unexposed) were classified as patients with one or more tracer drugs and without them, in a ratio 1 (exposed): 2 (not exposed); both groups were matched by socio-demographic and clinical variables. The main ones were: age with a difference no greater than +/- 5 years, sex, main diagnosis and comorbidities. Variables: number of tracer drugs; Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up - SFT identified problems of need, effectiveness and safety associated with drugs. Results: We included 324 patients, 108 exposed (33.3%) and 216 unexposed (66.7%). The average age was 52 years (SD: 25.7), 198 (61%) patients were male. 31.2% (101) of patients had some type of Medication Negative Results. In those exposed, the incidence of MNR was 43.5% (47 patients) and in the no exposed the frequency of MNR was 25% (54 patients). A higher incidence of MNR was observe in patients with 2 or 3 medications (49.1%). The risk associated with the risk factor (RR) was 1.74 (CI 95% 1.27 - 2.39) (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The relative risk (RR) obtained was 1.74 (95% CI, 1.27-2.39) (P = 0.001), which indicates that the use of tracer / marker drugs is associated with the presentation of MNR. Therefore, this strategy could be used to identify and prioritize the selection of patients who must enter the pharmacy safety programs
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Hospitalization , Drug Therapy , Drug Prescriptions , 28423 , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Pharmacovigilance , Cohort Studies , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Multivariate Analysis , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Good Dispensing PracticesABSTRACT
Introducción. Las infecciones invasoras producidas por Candida spp. en pacientes críticos pueden empeorar considerablemente su pronóstico, por lo que es de gran importancia establecer una detección precoz y una estrategia terapéutica adecuada. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido definir el papel diferencial de las equinocandinas para tratar determinados perfiles de pacientes críticos. Metodología. Un comité científico formado por 9 expertos en enfermedades infecciosas, cuidados críticos, microbiología y farmacia hospitalaria revisó la evidencia existente sobre el tratamiento de la candidemia y la candidiasis invasiva en pacientes críticos. Tras ello, se elaboró un cuestionario con 35 aseveraciones para ser consensuadas por 26 especialistas de las disciplinas mencionadas mediante un método Delphi modificado. Resultados. Después de dos rondas de evaluación, se alcanzó un consenso de acuerdo en el 66% de las aseveraciones. Entre los acuerdos alcanzados son: no es necesario ajustar la dosis de equinocandinas durante una terapia de reemplazo renal; las equinocandinas son el tratamiento empírico y/o dirigido de elección para la candidemia y la candidiasis invasiva asociada a biopelículas; estos fármacos pueden utilizarse en la profilaxis antifúngica del trasplante hepático de alto riesgo. En ausencia de datos clínicos adicionales, se ha de señalar que micafungina es la equinocandina con mayor evidencia científica. Conclusiones. Los expertos consultados mostraron un alto grado de acuerdo sobre algunos de los aspectos más controvertidos relativos al manejo de la candidemia y la candidiasis invasiva en pacientes críticos, lo permitiría aportar recomendaciones prácticas para su tratamiento (AU)
Introduction. Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. in critically ill patients may significantly worsen their prognosis, so it is of great importance to establish an early detection and a suitable therapeutic strategy. The objective of this study was to define the differential role of echinocandins in treating certain critical patient profiles. Methodology. A scientific committee of 9 experts in infectious diseases, critical care, microbiology, and hospital pharmacy reviewed the existing evidence on the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients. After that, a questionnaire with 35 items was elaborated to be agreed by 26 specialists in the aforementioned disciplines using a modified Delphi method. Results. After two rounds of evaluation, a consensus was reached in terms of agreement in 66% of the items. Some of the consensuses achieved included: it is not necessary to adjust the dose of echinocandins during renal replacement therapy; the echinocandins are the empirical and/or directed treatment of choice for candidemia and invasive candidiasis associated with biofilms; these drugs may be used in the antifungal prophylaxis of high-risk liver transplantation. In the absence of additional clinical data, it should be noted that micafungin is the echinocandin with the most available scientific evidence. Conclusions. The experts consulted showed a high degree of agreement on some of the most controversial aspects regarding the management of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in critical patients, which could inform of practical recommendations for their treatment (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Candidemia/drug therapy , Candidiasis, Invasive/drug therapy , Critical Illness/therapy , Echinocandins/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Early Diagnosis , Critical Care/trends , Delphi Technique , Surveys and Questionnaires , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivos. Los pacientes hospitalizados durante los fines de semana (FS) tienen peores resultados en salud que los ingresados durante los días entre semana (NFS). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto en la mortalidad que puede tener una atención diaria y reglada de los pacientes hospitalizados. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital de Montilla (Córdoba). En este se valora diariamente a todos los pacientes hospitalizados, incluidos los días de fin de semana y los festivos. Analizamos variables epidemiológicas y mortalidad. Resultados. Incluimos 2.565 episodios de ingresos, de los que fueron dados de alta en FS 653 (25,6%). Los pacientes dados de alta en FS eran significativamente más jóvenes respecto a los NFS [53 (27) frente a 56 (27) años, p<0,002)], contaban con menos diagnósticos al alta [(6,2 (3,7) frente a 6,7 (3,9), p<0,003] y se les había realizado menos procedimientos [(3 (1,9) frente a 3,2 (1,8), p<0,005]. La estancia media también era significativamente menor en los pacientes dados de alta en FS frente a los de NFS [3 (2,6) días frente a 3,7 (3,9) días, p<0,001). La mortalidad global fue del 4%, no existiendo diferencias si el ingreso se producía en NFS o en FS (4,3% frente a 3,7%). Las altas al domicilio llevadas a cabo en fin de semana conllevaron una reducción de la estancia media en 0,3 días (de 3,6 a 3,9 días, p<0,001). Conclusiones. La atención a pacientes hospitalizados hace desaparecer el exceso de mortalidad durante los fines de semana (AU)
Background and objectives. It has been shown that patients admitted to hospital during the weekends tend to have less favourable outcomes, including higher mortality rates, compared with those admitted during weekdays. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of on the health outcomes of patients admitted during the weekend. Material and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted on all patients admitted to Montilla Hospital (Córdoba).. All hospitalised patients were attended to daily, including weekends and holidays. An analysis was performed on the epidemiological variables and health outcomes (total mortality). Results. The study included a total of 2,565 hospital admissions, of whom 653 (25.6%) were discharged during the weekend. Patients discharged during the weekend were significantly younger [53 (27) versus 56 (27) years, P<.002], had fewer diagnoses on discharge [6.2 (3.7) versus 6.7 (3.9), P<.003], and had fewer procedures performed [(3 (1.9) versus 3.2 (1.8), P<.005]. The mean length of stay was shorter for weekend discharges than the weekday discharges [3 (2.6) days versus 3.7 (3.9) days, P<.001). The total mortality was 4%, and there were no differences between weekday and weekend admissions (4.3% versus 3.7%). Home discharges on the weekend were related to a reduction in the mean length of stay by 0.3 days (from 3.6 to 3.9 days, P<.001). Conclusions. Hospitalised patient care has led to the disappearance of increased mortality during weekends (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Patient Care/mortality , Patient Care/methods , Inpatient Care Units , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Retrospective Studies , 28599ABSTRACT
Introducción. Las medidas de resultados están siendo ampliamente utilizadas por los servicios sanitarios para evaluar la calidad de la atención sanitaria. Disponer de una batería de indicadores de resultados de alta validez y factibilidad y que además sean de utilidad resulta de gran importancia. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de revisiones para identificar indicadores de resultado susceptibles del ámbito de atención primaria. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas (umbrella review) en la que se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: MedLine, EMBASE y CINAHL, mediante descriptores y términos libres, limitando las búsquedas a documentos publicados en inglés o castellano. Además, se realizaron búsquedas mediante términos libres en diferentes páginas web. Se incluyeron aquellas revisiones que ofreciesen indicadores susceptibles de ser utilizados en el ámbito de la atención primaria. Resultados. Se incluyeron 5 revisiones sobre indicadores en atención primaria, que recopilaban indicadores sobre los siguientes ámbitos o procesos clínicos: atención en osteoartrosis, atención a la cronicidad, asma infantil, efectividad clínica e indicadores sobre seguridad de prescripción. Se identificaron un total de 69 indicadores de resultados, oscilando el porcentaje de indicadores de resultados sobre el total entre el 0 y el 92,8%, según la revisión analizada. Ninguna de las revisiones identificadas realizó un análisis del control de medición (factibilidad o sensibilidad al cambio de los indicadores). Conclusiones. Este trabajo ofrece un conjunto de 69 indicadores de resultados que han sido identificados y posteriormente validados y priorizados mediante un panel de expertos (AU)
Introduction. Outcome measures are being widely used by health services to assess the quality of health care. It is important to have a battery of useful performance indicators with high validity and feasibility. Thus, the objective of this study is to perform a review of reviews in order to identify outcome indicators for use in Primary Care. Methodology. A review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was carried out. The following databases were consulted: MedLine, EMBASE, and CINAHL, using descriptors and free terms, limiting searches to documents published in English or Spanish. In addition, a search was made for free terms in different web pages. Those reviews that offered indicators that could be used in the Primary Care environment were included. Results. This review included a total of 5 reviews on performance indicators in Primary Care, which consisted of indicators in the following areas or clinical care processes: in osteoarthritis, chronicity, childhood asthma, clinical effectiveness, and prescription safety indicators. A total of 69 performance indicators were identified, with the percentage of performance indicators ranging from 0% to 92.8%. None of the reviews identified performed an analysis of the measurement control (feasibility or sensitivity to change of indicators). Conclusions. This paper offers a set of 69 performance indicators that have been identified and subsequently validated and prioritised by a panel of experts (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Health Status , Hypertension/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: ASSIST is the first Brazilian initiative in building a collaborative quality improvement program in pediatric cardiology and congenital heart disease. The purposes of this manuscript are: (a) to describe the development of the ASSIST project, including the historical, philosophical, organizational, and infrastructural components that will facilitate collaborative quality improvement in congenital heart disease care; (b) to report past and ongoing challenges faced; and (c) to report the first preliminary data analysis. Methods: A total of 614 operations were prospectively included in a comprehensive online database between September 2014 and December 2015 in two participating centers. Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS) 1 and Aristotle Basic Complexity (ABC) scores were obtained. Descriptive statistics were provided, and the predictive values of the two scores for mortality were calculated by multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Many barriers and challenges were faced and overcome. Overall mortality was 13.4%. Independent predictors of in-hospital death were: RACHS-1 categories (3, 4, and 5/6), ABC level 4, and age group (≤ 30 days, and 30 days - 1 year). Conclusion: The ASSIST project was successfully created over a solid base of collaborative work. The main challenges faced, and overcome, were lack of institutional support, funding, computational infrastructure, dedicated staff, and trust. RACHS-1 and ABC scores performed well in our case mix. Our preliminary outcome analysis shows opportunities for improvement.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods , Hospital Mortality , Diagnosis-Related Groups/statistics & numerical data , Risk Adjustment/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortalityABSTRACT
Objetivos. La consulta de alta resolución o única (CU) es aquel proceso asistencial ambulatorio en el que queda establecido un diagnóstico junto con su correspondiente tratamiento y ambos son reflejados en un informe clínico, todo en una sola jornada. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es identificar los procesos asistenciales subsidiarios de ser resueltos en este tipo de consultas en 4 especialidades médicas, así como analizar las diferencias en cuanto a resolución entre dichas especialidades. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de 795 episodios de primeras vistas seleccionadas aleatoriamente de una consulta de alta resolución de procesos médicos (cardiología, gastroenterología, medicina interna y neumología). Analizamos el porcentaje de pacientes que se beneficiaron de una CU, así como de las pruebas complementarias realizadas. Resultados. Un total de 559 de los pacientes (61%; IC 95%: 57-64%) se beneficiaron de prueba diagnóstica y revisión en el día, con diferencias significativas entre el tipo de consulta (p<0,001). El 70% de los casos (IC 95%: 67-73%) fueron resueltos mediante consulta única, con una oscilación de entre el 86% en cardiología y el 44% en gastroenterología (p<0,001). Además, la realización de una prueba en el día facilitaba que esta primera visita terminara en CU frente a no realizarla (49 frente al 22%, respectivamente, p<0,001). Los diagnósticos más habituales que se beneficiaron de este sistema de consultas fueron la cardiopatía isquémica, la dispepsia, la cefalea y el asma. Las pruebas más habitualmente realizadas en el día fueron la tomografía computarizada craneal, la analítica sanguínea y ecografías. Conclusiones. Las consultas de especialidades médicas pueden beneficiarse en gran medida de un sistema de consulta de alta resolución solo con cambios organizativos (AU)
Objectives. The high resolution clinic (HRC) is an outpatient care process by which treatment and diagnosis are established, recorded, and completed in a single day. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which patients with medical conditions may benefit from a single consultation system. Material and methods. A descriptive study of 795 first visit events, randomly selected as high-resolution consultations in cardiology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, and chest diseases. A discussion is presented on the percentage of patients who benefited from HRC and the complementary tests performed. Results. A total of 559 (70%, 95% CI: 67-73%) of all first visits became HRCs, and 483 (61%, 95% CI: 57%-64%) required a diagnostic test that was reviewed on the same day. There were differences between medical consultations (86% in cardiology versus 44% in gastroenterology consultations, P<.001). Performing a test on the same day significantly increased the percentage of HRCs (49 versus 22%, P<.001). Ischaemic heart disease, dyspepsia, headache, and asthma were the conditions most commonly leading to HRC. The most common tests were cranial tomography, blood analysis, and ultrasound. Conclusions. Medical consultations may largely benefit from an HRC system, only requiring some organisational changes and no additional costs (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Office Visits/economics , Efficiency, Organizational/standards , Ambulatory Care Facilities/standards , Episode of Care , 28599ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards , Pathology/methods , Pathology/organization & administration , Pathology/standards , Pathology Department, Hospital/standards , Safety Management/organization & administration , Safety Management/standards , Pathology/classification , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Objetivo. Implantar un programa de alta precoz hospitalaria en el parto sin complicaciones para mejorar la efectividad, garantizando la seguridad clínica y la aceptabilidad de los pacientes. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de la efectividad de un programa de alta precoz en el parto sin complicaciones entre febrero de 2012 y septiembre de 2013. Población a estudio: puérperas y recién nacidos con ingreso en el Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, con una duración inferior a 24h, tras parto sin complicaciones que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión definidos. La satisfacción se evaluó mediante una encuesta con escala Likert. La efectividad del programa se monitorizó mediante indicadores de seguridad, productividad, adecuación y continuidad asistencial. Resultados. El 20% de los casos susceptibles de alta precoz del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada completaron el programa. El 94% fueron partos eutócicos. Los 188 casos incluidos sobre 911 pacientes con parto no complicado representaron el 6,5% del total de los 2.857 partos atendidos. La estancia media de las pacientes incluidas presentó una disminución del 50% (2,4 a 1,2 días). La continuidad asistencial tras el alta hospitalaria fue seguida por la totalidad de las pacientes. En el 4,8% se reprogramó una consulta de revisión. El 2% de las pacientes reingresaron antes de 96h por problemas no graves. Cuatro recién nacidos (2%) precisaron atención en urgencias (madre o recién nacido) antes de 96h. La evaluación de la satisfacción de las pacientes alcanzó 4,5 sobre 5. Conclusiones. El programa logró una disminución de la estancia media en un 50%, favoreciendo la autonomía de las matronas. Su nivel de aceptación está en línea con intervenciones similares. El despliegue realizado puede ser útil para otras modificaciones de procesos asistenciales (AU)
Objective. To implement a program of early hospital discharge after an uncomplicated birth, in order to improve the effectiveness, as well as ensuring clinical safety and patient acceptability. Material and methods. Descriptive study of the effectiveness of an early discharge program after uncomplicated delivery between February 2012 and September 2013. The populations are post-partum women and newborns admitted to the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, with a duration of less than 24h after uncomplicated delivery that met the defined inclusion criteria. Satisfaction was assessed using a Likert scale. The effectiveness of the program was monitored by safety indicators, productivity, adaptation, and continuity of care. Results. A total of 20% of cases capable of early discharge from Fuenlabrada University Hospital completed the program. Almost all (94%) were normal deliveries. The 188 cases included were from 911 patients with uncomplicated childbirth, accounting for 6.5% of the 2,857 total births. The mean stay of patients included showed a decrease of 50% (2.4 to 1.2 days). All patients received continuity of care after hospital discharge. The review consultation was reprogrammed for 4.8% of cases, with 2% of patients re-admitted within 96h. with no serious problems. Four newborns (2%) required attention in the emergency department (mother or newborn) before 96h. The assessment of patient satisfaction achieved a score of 4.5 out of 5. Conclusions. The program achieved a decrease in the average stay by 50%, favouring the autonomy of midwives. This acceptance level is in line with similar interventions. The deployment of the program may be useful for other changes in care processes (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Patient Discharge/economics , Patient Discharge/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Discharge/standards , Health Programs and Plans/economics , Health Programs and Plans/legislation & jurisprudence , Postpartum Period/physiology , Parturition/physiology , Patient Satisfaction/economics , Patient Satisfaction/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/economics , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Length of Stay/economics , Length of Stay/legislation & jurisprudence , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/economics , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Objetivo. Conocer las necesidades y expectativas de los pacientes de una Unidad de Grandes Quemados. Material y métodos. Metodología cualitativa consistente en entrevistas en profundidad (12 pacientes), encuestas Kano y encuestas SERVQHOS (24 pacientes). Los entrevistados habían estado hospitalizados en los últimos 12 meses en la Unidad de Quemados. Los requisitos obtenidos con las encuestas en profundidad se agruparon mediante diagramas de afinidad y se empleó una encuesta Kano para clasificarlos en imprescindibles, atractivos (no esperados, producen gran satisfacción) y unidimensionales (ligados al grado de funcionalidad del servicio prestado). Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos mediante la encuesta SERVQHOS. Resultados. Del análisis de las entrevistas en profundidad se obtuvieron 11 requisitos que hacían referencia a aspectos hosteleros, de información, necesidad de mayor cercanía del personal y aspectos organizativos. De ellos, se clasificaron como imprescindibles: televisión gratuita y desconexión automática de la televisión a las 00h, y como atractivos: mayor intimidad durante la hospitalización (habitación individual), información previa del horario al que se van a realizar las curas para disminuir la ansiedad y mantener un retén adicional de profesionales para atender a los hospitalizados cuando el resto está en una urgencia. Los resultados encontrados fueron complementarios de los obtenidos mediante la encuesta SERVQHOS. Conclusiones. Con las entrevistas en profundidad se han podido conocer los requisitos de los pacientes, complementando la información obtenida por medio de encuestas. Con esta metodología, la participación del paciente es más activa y se tiene en cuenta la opinión de los acompañantes (AU)
Objective. To determine the healthcare requirements of patients in a Burns Unit, using qualitative techniques, such us in-depth personal interviews and Kano's methodology. Material and methods. Qualitative methodology using in-depth personal interviews (12 patients), Kano's conceptual model, and the SERVQHOS questionnaire (24 patients). All patients had been hospitalised in the last 12 months in the Burns Unit. Using Kano's methodology, service attributes were grouped by affinity diagrams, and classified as follows: must-be, attractive (unexpected, great satisfaction), and one-dimensional (linked to the degree of functionality of the service). The outcomes were compared with those obtained with SERVQHOS questionnaire. Results. From the analysis of in-depth interviews, 11 requirements were obtained, referring to hotel aspects, information, need for closer staff relationship, and organisational aspects. The attributes classified as must-be were free television and automatic TV disconnection at midnight. Those classified as attractive were: individual room for more privacy, information about dressing change times in order to avoid anxiety, and additional staff for in-patients. The results were complementary to those obtained with the SERVQHOS questionnaire. Conclusions. In-depth personal interviews provide extra knowledge about patient requirements, complementing the information obtained with questionnaires. With this methodology, a more active patient participation is achieved and the companion's opinion is also taken into account (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research , Health Research Evaluation , Interviews as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standardsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate whether the characteristics of the structure of primary health units and the work process of primary care teams are associated with the number of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions. METHODS In this ecological study, we have analyzed data of Brazilian municipalities related to sociodemographic characteristics, coverage of care programs, structure of primary health units, and work process of primary care teams. We have obtained the data from the first cycle of the Brazilian Program for Improving Access and Quality of the Primary Care, of the Department of Information Technology of the Brazilian Unified Health System, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the United Nations Development Programme. The associations have been estimated using negative binomial regression coefficients (β) and respective 95% confidence intervals, with a hierarchical approach in three levels (alpha = 5%). RESULTS In the adjusted analysis for the outcome in 2013, in the distal level, the coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (β = -0.001) and private insurance (β = -0.01) had a negative association, and the human development index (β = 1.13), the proportion of older adults (β = 0.05) and children under the age of five (β = 0.05), and the coverage of the Community Health Agent Strategy (β = 0.002) showed positive association with hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions. In the intermediate level, minimum hours (β = -0.14) and availability of vaccines (β = -0.16) showed a negative association, and availability of medications showed a positive association (β = 0.16). In the proximal level, only the variable of matrix support (β = 0.10) showed a positive association. The variables in the adjusted analysis of the number of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions in 2014 presented the same association as in 2013. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of the structure of primary health units and the work process of the primary care teams impact the number of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions in Brazilian municipalities.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar se características da estrutura das unidades básicas de saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes de atenção básica estão associadas ao número de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária. MÉTODOS Neste estudo ecológico, foram analisados dados de municípios brasileiros relativos a características sociodemográficas, de cobertura de programas assistenciais, de estrutura das unidades básicas de saúde e processo de trabalho das equipes de atenção básica. Os dados foram obtidos do primeiro ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica, do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e do Programa das Nações Unidas. Estimaram-se as associações por meio de coeficientes de regressão binomial negativa (β) e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%, com abordagem hierarquizada em três blocos (alpha = 5%). RESULTADOS Na análise ajustada, para o desfecho em 2013, no bloco distal, a cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família (β = -0,001) e de plano privado (β = -0,01) apresentaram associação negativa; e o índice de desenvolvimento humano (β = 1,13), a proporção de pessoa idosa (β = 0,05) e de menor de cinco anos (β = 0,05) e a cobertura da Estratégia de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (β = 0,002) mostraram associação positiva com internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária. No bloco intermediário, apresentaram associação negativa o horário mínimo (β = -0,14) e a disponibilidade de vacina (β = -0,16); e associação positiva, a disponibilidade de medicamentos (β = 0,16). No bloco proximal, apenas a variável apoio matricial (β = 0,10) mostrou associação positiva. Na análise ajustada do número de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em 2014, as variáveis apresentaram o mesmo sentido de associação de 2013. CONCLUSÕES Características da estrutura das unidades básicas de saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes de atenção básica impactam no número de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária nos municípios brasileiros.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Surveys , Middle Aged , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción. El objetivo es evaluar los resultados del protocolo en 3 dispositivos móviles de cuidados críticos y urgencias rurales, así como los retrasos y estrategias de reperfusión empleadas en el síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST. Material y métodos. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo (n=52) con control histórico (n=20) de los síndromes coronarios agudos con elevación del segmento ST atendidos. Se revisaron los informes de los dispositivos móviles de cuidados críticos y urgencias y de alta hospitalaria, la historia informatizada y el registro ARIAM, recogiendo características epidemiológicas y clínicas, datos de la asistencia, reperfusión, intervalos temporales y mortalidad. Resultados. Las características de ambos grupos no difieren significativamente. Aumentó la concordancia diagnóstica de los dispositivos móviles de cuidados críticos y urgencias-hospital (85,3 versus 76,9%), sin significación estadística. Hubo un uso similar de nitroglicerina, mórficos y AAS; aumento significativo (p<0,0001) de clopidogrel/prasugrel (55 versus 90,4%) y enoxaparina/fondaparinux (35 versus 76,9%), así como de fibrinólisis prehospitalaria (5 versus 30,8%, p<0,03), que se aplica en<2h al 71,4%, con un tiempo puerta-aguja de 40min, mientras la fibrinólisis hospitalaria y la angioplastia primaria se realizan a partir de la tercera hora (p<0,01). Los retrasos se asocian a la demora del paciente (p<0,02). Aumenta más la estrategia farmacoinvasiva (62,5 versus 84,6%) que la angioplastia primaria (15 versus 17,3%), disminuyendo la fibrinólisis hospitalaria (35 versus 19,2%), todas ellas sin significación estadística. Las complicaciones son similares, disminuyendo la mortalidad al año (p<0,67). Conclusiones. El protocolo es efectivo, seguro, fiable, reduce las demoras y mejora la atención prehospitalaria. La estrategia farmacoinvasiva es una opción válida (AU)
Introduction. The aim is to evaluate the outcomes obtained from the implementation of a pre-hospital thrombolysis protocol in 3 rural emergency care teams, as well as delays and strategies of reperfusion applied in the treatment of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Material and methods. Retrospective cohort study (n=52) with historical control (n=20) of the patients assisted for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Medical emergency care teams, hospital, computerized medical history and ARIAM register reports were revised, obtaining epidemiological and clinical features, off-hospital management, reperfusion, time intervals and mortality. Results. The baseline features in both groups were not significantly different. There was a non-significant improvement of emergency care teams-hospital diagnostic concordance (85.3 versus 76.9%). We found a similar use of nitroglycerin, morphine and aspirin; significant increase (P<0.0001) of clopidogrel/prasugrel (55 versus 90.4%) and enoxaparin/fondaparinux (35 versus 76.9%), as well as pre-hospital thrombolysis (5 versus 30,8%, P<0.03), that was applied within the first 2h to 71.4%, with a median door-needle of 40min, whereas in-hospital thrombolysis and primary angioplasty were performed after 3h from the symptoms onset (P<0.01). Delays are associated with the patient's own lateness (P<0.02). Pharmaco-invasive strategy increases (62.5 versus 84.6%) more than primary angioplasty (15 versus 17.3%), reducing in-hospital thrombolysis (35 versus 19.2%), all of them non-significant. Complications are similar and one-year mortality is reduced (P<0.67). Conclusions. The protocol is effective, safe, and reliable. It reduces delays and improves pre-hospital attention. The pharmaco-invasive strategy is a valid option (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fibrinolysis/physiology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions/methods , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/prevention & control , Rural Areas , Rural Health/standards , Rural Health/trends , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , Mobile Applications , Critical Care , Primary Health Care/methods , 35170/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde hace más de una década ha surgido un interés creciente por evaluar la calidad de la atención sanitaria que prestamos. Los indicadores de calidad son la medida instrumental de esa calidad asistencial. Diferentes sociedades científicas internacionales están desarrollando iniciativas para monitorizar sus procesos quirúrgicos más frecuentes. OBJETIVOS: El Grupo de Calidad de la Sociedad Española de Angiología Cirugía Vascular consideró que sería de interés empezar a desarrollar una estructura básica de indicadores dentro de nuestra sociedad. Para ello se propuso como objetivo seleccionar 4-5 patologías vasculares frecuentes y elaborar 1-2 indicadores de esos procesos, para de esta forma demostrar que esta iniciativa es factible y puede dar lugar a unos resultados útiles para mejorar la calidad de nuestro trabajo diario y poder hacer «benchmarking» europeo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 17 Servicios de Cirugía Vascular, 5 de las patologías más frecuentes y 2 indicadores clave por cada una de ellas: aneurismas de aorta abdominal, patología arterial periférica, patología carotídea extracraneal, trombosis venosa profunda y fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis. Para seleccionar los indicadores clave (key performance indicators) se recurrió a las guías de práctica clínica, documentos de consenso y estudios publicados de gran relevancia científica. Por consenso de expertos se escogieron preferentemente indicadores de proceso y se elaboró una ficha para la recogida uniformada de información. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron una gran variabilidad entre los centros, siendo alguno de ellos imposible de cuantificar, dada la ausencia de bases de datos informatizadas que permitieran su análisis. Los detalles concretos de cada indicador se describen exhaustivamente en el contenido de este artículo. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo nos ha permitido mostrar que la elaboración de indicadores de calidad es factible, útil y una oportunidad de mejora válida. Como en otras sociedades científicas internacionales, y después de esta positiva experiencia, deberíamos ampliar estos indicadores y crear una base de datos nacional para monitorizarlos
INTRODUCTION: There is growing interest in evaluating the quality of vascular care. The quality indicators are the tool to measure this. Different international vascular scientific societies are developing initiatives to monitor the most frequent surgical procedures. OBJECTIVES: The Quality Group of the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery considered it of interest to begin developing a basic structure of indicators in our Society. To this end, it was proposed to select 4-5 vascular diseases and 1-2 indicators of these processes, thus demonstrating that this initiative is feasible and can lead to useful results to improve the quality of our daily work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventeen Spanish Vascular Surgery Units were selected, together with 5 of the most common diseases and two key indicators for each: abdominal aortic aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, extracranial carotid disease, venous thrombosis and arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis. Practice guidelines, consensus documents and published studies of great scientific importance were used to select the indicators (key performance indicators). Through expert consensus process indicators were selected. RESULTS: The results showed a great variability between centres, few of them being impossible to quantify, because of the absence of computer databases to be able to analyse them. The specific details of each indicator are fully described in this article. CONCLUSIONS: This report has allowed us to show that the development of quality indicators is feasible, useful, and a valid opportunity to improve. As in other international scientific societies and after this positive experience, we should increase these indicators and create a national database to monitor them
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Arteriovenous Fistula/epidemiology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Hospital Units/standards , Health Services Administration/standards , Health Services Administration/trends , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/standards , Process Assessment, Health Care/methods , Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
La bioética clínica se encarga de promover decisiones clínicas racionales teniendo en cuenta los hechos clínicos, las preferencias y valores de todos los individuos implicados en una situación que plantea un problema moral. La intención del presente trabajo es exponer algunas de las razones por las que consideramos esencial tener conocimientos y aptitudes bioéticas en la práctica diaria, así como potenciar una mentalidad proactiva en la investigación en bioética clínica. Entre los argumentos ofrecidos destacan la necesidad de adaptarse a los cambios en la relación clínica de las últimas décadas, la importancia de una actitud ética tanto para el médico como para el paciente, el papel de la bioética en la prevención del «burnout» del profesional, su capacidad para promover una distribución de los recursos más justa, y la posibilidad de desarrollar la investigación clínica en bioética, un territorio escasamente explorado en el ámbito español (AU)
The aim of clinical bioethics is to promote rational clinical decisions that take into account the clinical facts and the preferences and values of individuals involved in a situation that entails a moral problem. The objective of the present study is to list the reasons why we consider bioethics knowledge and skills to be essential in daily practice and to promote a proactive mindset in clinical bioethics research. The arguments set forth include the need to adapt to changes in the clinical relationship in recent decades, the importance of an ethical approach both for the physician and the patient, the role of bioethics in preventing professional burnout, the ability of ethics to promote a more equitable distribution of resources and the possibility of conducting clinical research in bioethics, a field that has scarcely been explored in Spain (AU)