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1.
Metabolomics ; 16(2): 18, 2020 01 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31974665

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vitis labrusca L. grapes are largely cultivated in Brazil, but the tropical climate negatively affects the phenols content, especially anthocyanin. According to the projections of the incoming climatic changes, the climate of several viticulture zone might change to tropical. Therefore, researches are focusing on increasing grape phenols content; with methyl jasmonate application (MeJa) is considered a good alternative. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate with an untargeted approach the metabolic changes caused by the MeJa pre-harvest application on two Vitis labrusca L. cultivars grapes, both of them grown in two Brazilian regions. METHODS: Isabel Precoce and Concord grapes cultivated under subtropical climate, in the south and southeast of Brazil, received MeJa pre-harvest treatment. Grape metabolome was extracted and analyzed with a MS based metabolomics protocol by UPLC-HRMS-QTOF. RESULTS: Unsupervised data analysis revealed a clear separation between the two regions and the two cultivars, while supervised data analysis revealed biomarkers between the MeJa treatment group and the control group. Among the metabolites positively affected by MeJa were (a) flavonoids with a high degree of methylation at the B-ring (malvidin and peonidin derivatives and isorhamentin) for Isabel Precoce grapes; (b) glucosides of hydroxycinnamates, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and cis-piceid for Concord grapes; and (c) hydroxycinnamates esters with tartaric acid, and procyanidins for the Southeast region grapes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MeJa can be used as elicitor to secondary metabolism in grapes grown even under subtropical climate, affecting phenolic biosynthesis.


Subject(s)
Acetates/analysis , Cyclopentanes/analysis , Oxylipins/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Vitis/chemistry , Acetates/metabolism , Brazil , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cyclopentanes/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Metabolomics , Oxylipins/metabolism , Phenols/metabolism , Vitis/metabolism
2.
Food Chem ; 298: 125026, 2019 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31260961

ABSTRACT

Roasted cotyledons of the Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana) are appreciated as snacks. The aim of our work was to assess the fatty acid, oxylipin and phenolic composition using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), ultra- high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to MS and HPLC coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Additionally, various antioxidant activities were assessed. The inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1/COX-2), and lipoxygenase was determined. The main fatty acids were oleic and 7-hexadecenoic acids. Eight phytoprostanes and three phytofurans were identified and quantified. Hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids were the main phenolic compounds. Oils showed antioxidant activity determined by EPR, and inhibition of COX-1/COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the roasting does not affect the composition of the samples. The occurrence of oxylipins in this species is reported for the first time. Chilean hazelnuts can be considered a source of health promoting compounds.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Corylus/chemistry , Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology , Oxylipins/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Chile , Coumaric Acids/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitors , alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
3.
Food Chem ; 229: 1-8, 2017 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28372151

ABSTRACT

The genus Passiflora, comprising about 500 species, is the largest in the Passion flower family. Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis (gulupa) is one of the most important fruits cultivated in Colombia. In recent years and due to its organoleptic and bioactive properties, its exports have significantly increased. In this work, six new bioactive oxylipins -phytoprostanes - were detected in gulupa shell by a UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method: F1t-phytoprostanes and D1t-phytoprostanes were the predominant and minor classes, respectively. Moreover, the polyphenol profile of the shell was investigated and we were able to detect and quantify phenolic compounds that have not been described previously, like luteolin-8-C-(2-O-rhamnosyl)hexoside and quercetin-3-O-(6″-acetyl)glucosyl-2″-sinapic acid. Consequently, this study provides new insights into the importance of gulupa shell as a valuable option in the design of new beverages rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, as part of a well-balanced diet, and in the process and quality control of such products.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Fruit/chemistry , Oxylipins/chemistry , Passiflora/chemistry , Phenols/chemistry , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Antioxidants/analysis , Oxylipins/analysis , Phenols/analysis
4.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 17(2): 351-60, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25272333

ABSTRACT

The pericarp anatomy and the effects of storage after harvest, storage temperature and early cypsela imbibition on phytohormone profiles were studied in inbred sunflower lines B123 and B91. On day 0, germination of B123 cypselas was near 0%, indicating dormancy, whereas that of B91 cypselas was near 100%, indicating non-dormancy. The germination of B123 and B91 on day 33 at room temperature (25 °C) storage was similar. Cell wall thickness and sclerification of the pericarp were higher in B123 than B91, suggesting that structural characteristics may contribute to physical dormancy in B123. Jasmonates (JAs), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in dry and imbibed pericarps. SA content of dry pericarp was higher on day 33 than day 0. SA content during imbibition on day 33 was similar for room and low (-20 °C) storage temperatures. ABA content after 12 h imbibition was similar on days 0 and 33 at low temperature, but it increased on day 33 at room temperature for B123. 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was maximal on day 0 for B123, but peaked at day 33 at low temperature for B91. JA was higher on days 0 and 33 at room temperature as compared with low temperature. Our findings indicate that pericarp hormone profiles are affected in the two lines with different dormancy degree depending on storage conditions and imbibition processes.


Subject(s)
Helianthus/anatomy & histology , Helianthus/physiology , Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism , Abscisic Acid/analysis , Abscisic Acid/metabolism , Cell Wall/chemistry , Cyclopentanes/analysis , Cyclopentanes/metabolism , Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism , Germination/drug effects , Helianthus/drug effects , Helianthus/genetics , Oxylipins/analysis , Oxylipins/metabolism , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Plant Dormancy , Plant Growth Regulators/analysis , Salicylic Acid/metabolism , Salicylic Acid/pharmacology , Seeds/anatomy & histology , Temperature
5.
Planta ; 233(3): 507-21, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21104271

ABSTRACT

Transgenic tobacco plants capable of over-expressing Xenopus PPARα (xPPARα), a transcription factor known to be required for peroxisome proliferation in animals, were recently generated. These plants (herewith referred to as PPAR-OE) were found to have increased peroxisome abundance, higher peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase activity and modified fatty acid metabolism. Further characterization of PPAR-OE plants revealed a higher susceptibility to virulent and a partial loss of resistance to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pathogens, whereas the basal resistance response remained unaffected. Biochemical- and defense-related gene expression analyses showed that increased susceptibility to bacterial invasion coincided with the generalized reduction in H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid (SA) levels observed within the first 24 h of bacterial contact. Decreased H(2)O(2) levels were correlated with modified activity levels of catalase and other antioxidant enzymes. A correspondence between a rapid (within 1-24 hpi; ACCO and AOC) and sustained increase (up to 6 days pi; ACCO) in the expression levels of ethylene (ACCO) and jasmonic acid (AOC) biosynthetic genes and a higher susceptibility to virulent bacterial invasion was also observed in PPAR-OE plants. Conversely, no apparent differences in the short- and/or long-term expression levels of markers for the hypersensitive-response, oxidative burst and systemic-acquired resistance were observed between wild type and PPAR-OE plants. The results suggest that peroxisome proliferation could lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens in tobacco by altering the redox balance of the plant and the expression pattern of key defense signaling pathway genes.


Subject(s)
Nicotiana/metabolism , Nicotiana/microbiology , PPAR alpha/metabolism , Peroxisomes/metabolism , Plant Diseases/genetics , Pseudomonas syringae/pathogenicity , Acyl-CoA Oxidase , Animals , Ascorbate Peroxidases , Biomarkers/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Cyclopentanes/analysis , Disease Susceptibility , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Hydrogen Peroxide/analysis , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Oxylipins/analysis , PPAR alpha/genetics , Peroxidases/metabolism , Plant Diseases/immunology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Immunity , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/microbiology , Salicylic Acid/analysis , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Time Factors , Nicotiana/genetics , Xenopus Proteins/genetics , Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
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