Pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate with calcifications: an unusual presentation / Adenoma pleomórfico del paladar duro con calcificaciones: una presentación inusual

Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. The most common sites for minor salivary gland from which PA arises are the palate followed by the lips and buccal mucosa. Calcifications are a common finding in major salivary glands with chronic inflammatory disorders. Major salivary gland tumors rarely show calcifications and it is less common to find them in minor salivary gland tumors. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate in a 67-year-old female patient with intra-tumoral, irregular and scattered calcifications visible on computed tomography (CT). The treatment was complete surgical excision of the lesion. The diagnosis was confirmed with the histopathological study.

El adenoma pleomórfico (AP) es el tumor benigno de las glándulas salivales más común. Los sitios de mayor frecuencia donde surge el AP en glándulas salivales menores es el paladar seguido de los labios y la mucosa bucal. Las calcificaciones son un hallazgo común en las glándulas salivales mayores con trastornos inflamatorios crónicos, pero en el caso de tumores rara vez muestran calcificaciones y es menos común encontrarlos en tumores de las glándulas salivales menores. Presentamos un caso de adenoma pleomórfico del paladar duro en una paciente de 67 años con calcificaciones intratumorales, irregulares y dispersas visibles en la tomografía computarizada. El tratamiento fue la extirpación quirúrgica completa de la lesión. El diagnóstico se confirmó con el estudio histopatológico

Um raro diagnóstico de osteoma periférico em palato duro: relato de caso / A rare diagnosis of peripheral osteoma in the hard palate: case report

Objetivo: relatar uma biópsia excisional de um osteoma periférico no palato duro direito de uma paciente jovem, do sexo feminino e não sindrômica. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 32 anos de idade, melanoderma e normossitêmico, buscou atendimento no ambulatório de diagnóstico estomatológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia com queixa quanto ao surgimento de lesão na região de palato. Após avaliação clínica e imaginológica, foi decidido realizar biópsia excisional sob anestesia local da lesão. Foram levantadas três hipóteses de diagnóstico: osteoma periférico, exostose ou osteossarcoma. O material coletado foi enviado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipótese de osteoma periférico. Considerações finais: os osteomas periféricos na região de palato duro são raríssimos. Essa lesão geralmente é assintomática ­ exceto quando há impacto traumático durante a mastigação ­, de crescimento lento, podendo se desenvolver em osso cortical ou medular. O tratamento de escolha é a remoção cirúrgica e o índice de recorrência é raro. O caso enfatiza a condição rara, pois foram encontrados apenas seis casos semelhantes relacionados na literatura. (AU)

Objective: To report an excisional biopsy of a peripheral osteoma in the right hard palate in a non-syndromic young female patient. Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient, black, and normosystemic sought assistance in the stomatological diagnosis outpatient clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil, complaining about the appearance of a lesion in the palate region. After clinical and imaging assessment, it was decided to perform an excisional biopsy under local anesthesia of the lesion. Three diagnostic hypotheses were raised - peripheral osteoma, exostosis, or osteosarcoma. The material collected was sent for histopathological analysis, which confirmed the hypothesis of peripheral osteoma. Final considerations: Peripheral osteomas in the hard palate region are very rare. This lesion is usually asymptomatic, except when there is a slow-growing chewing impact during mastication, which may develop in cortical or spinal bone. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice and the rate of recurrence is rare. The case emphasizes the rare condition, considering only six similar cases were found in the literature. (AU)

Buccal Myomucosal Flap Reconstruction After Resection of Palatal Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Salivary gland tumors are rare, constituting approximately 0.5% of pediatric malignancies, yet account for over 50% of malignant salivary gland neoplasms, of which a majority are mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs). We present a case of MEC involving the palatal minor salivary gland of an adolescent patient successfully reconstructed using buccal myomucosal flap. The subject presented as a 17-year-old male with a painless left hard palatal mass found to have imaging suspicious for minor salivary gland tumor and punch biopsy consistent with a low-grade MEC. The subject underwent wide local excision of a 1.0 × 1.2 cm mass with 1.0 cm margins down to hard palate nasal mucosa excluding the abutting first and second molars of the ipsilateral maxilla. Pathology confirmed low-grade MEC confined to hard palate. Two weeks, thereafter, the subject underwent buccal myomucosal flap reconstruction inset into the palatal defect and divided 2 weeks thereafter. Postoperative course was complicated by a pinpoint oronasal fistula at the posterior aspect of the flap-palate junction requiring reelevation and advancement. The subject subsequently recovered without complication. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas represent rare, malignant minor salivary gland tumors with nonspecific presentations that require multidisciplinary workup and management. The authors recommend reconstruction of resultant palatal defects to prevent progression to oronasal fistulae or speech and swallow impairment.

Efectividad del uso de la bolsa adiposa de bichat para la reconstrucción de defectos en el paladar: reporte de un caso / Effectiveness of the use of the bichats fat pad for the reconstructionof defects in the palate. report a case

La bolsa adiposa de Bichat está constituida por un cuerpo y tres extensiones de tejido adiposo, se localiza dentro del espacio bucal y seextiende siguiendo el borde anterosuperior del músculo masetero. En la actualidad su uso como colgajo pediculado ha demostrado excelentesresultados en el tratamiento de reconstrucción de defectos postumorales de tejido blando en el paladar. Lo anterior se debe a su gran aporte vascular, composición histológica y a la presencia de células madre en tejido adiposo que fomentan una metaplasia del tejido, convirtiéndose en tejido fibroso y superfi cialmente con epitelio en tan sólo cinco semanas. La técnica de abordaje y reposicionamiento del colgajo pediculado en paladar fue modifi cada con la extirpación de la tuberosidad del maxilar para corregir el defecto ocasionado por un adenoma pleomorfo en el paladar. Se destacan las características y cualidades de la bolsa adiposa de Bichat para su uso en reconstrucción de defectos tumorales.

Bichat’s buccal fat pad is constituted by a body and three extensions ofadipose tissue within the buccal space and extending to the anteriorsuperiorborder of the masseter muscle. To this days, the use of thebuccal fat pad as a pedicled graft has shown excellent results onoral post tumoral reconstruction treatment. This is due to its greatvascularity, histological composition and perhaps to the presenceof stem cells that promotes a metaplasia, turning adipose tissue intofi brous and superfi cially epithelized tissue within fi ve week aftersurgery. Surgical approach and repositioning technique of the pedicledgraft was modifi ed, extirpating part of the maxillary tuberosity, topreserve vascularity and cover up a hard-soft tissue defect caused by apleomorphic adenoma on a patient’s palate. Buccal fat pad’s qualitiesand characteristics are taken into consideration to demonstrate theeff ectiveness on its surgical reconstructive uses.

Adenoma pleomorfo del paladar: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate: report of a case and review of the literature

El adenoma pleomorfo es el tumor benigno más frecuente de lasglándulas salivales. Su localización principalmente es en la glándula parótida, pero cuando aparece en una glándula salival menor, el paladar es su localización más común. Presenta un crecimiento lento y continuo; clínicamente se presenta como un nódulo o tumor asintomático, firme y bien delimitado. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante biopsia por aspiración con aguja fi na o biopsia escisional de la lesión, siendo de gran importancia debido a que a pesar de ser una tumoración benigna, en ocasiones puede presentar transformación maligna. El tratamiento consiste en la exéresis completa de la lesión con márgenes sanos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 40 años, con una masa en el paladar duro y blando de seis años de evolución. Tras la exéresiscompleta de la lesión, el estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnósticode adenoma pleomorfo

Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common benign tumor of the minor salivary glands. They are primarily found in the parotid gland, except when they appear in a minor salivary gland, in which case the palate is the most common site. They display a slow, steady growth. Clinically the adenoma appears as a fi rm, well-defi ned, asymptomatic nodule or tumor. Diagnosis is confi rmed by means of fi ne-needle aspiration biopsy or excisional biopsy of the lesion. It is extremely important that they are tested given that, despite their being a benign tumor, they can sometimes become malignant. Treatment consists of the complete excision of the lesion with clean surgical margins. We report the case of a 40-year-old male patient with a mass in the hard and soft palate that had evolved over a period of six years. Following the complete excision of the le-sion, histopathology confi rmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate: two cases report and literature review / Adenoma pleomorfo palatino: reporte de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm encountered in major and minor salivary glands. Intraorally, it is most frequently developed in the palatal glands. Histologically, it is characterized by a diverse architecture comprised of epithelial stromal elements mixed with mucoid, myxoid, or chondroid fibrohyaline. A PA does not generally present gender bias and can occur at any age with the same clinical behavior. It is usually a round, slow-growing, painless tumor, which is firm upon palpation. We reported two cases of adult patients who were treated using transoral resection at San Juan de Dios Hospital in La Serena.

El Adenoma Pleomorfo es la neoplasia más común de las glándulas salivales mayores y menores. Intraoralmente las glándulas del paladar son las más afectadas. Histológicamente se caracteriza por una arquitectura variada que comprende elementos epiteliales mezclados con estroma mucoide, mixoide, fibrohialino o condroide, Los AP no suelen presentar predisposición por sexos, pudiendo aparecer a cualquier edad, con el mismo comportamiento clínico. Se presentan habitualmente como una tumoración redondeada de crecimiento lento, indolora y firme a la palpación. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes adultos, quienes fueron tratados mediante resección transoral en el hospital de la Serena.

Swallowing, speech and quality of life in patients undergoing resection of soft palate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing, speech and quality of life in patients undergoing surgery for malignant tumors involving soft palate. We performed a cross sectional study of 23 patients (aged 32-80 years), submitted to soft palate resection, free of disease for at least 1 year. Primary closure of the surgical defect was performed in 5 patients (21.7 %), adaptation of a palatal obturator prosthesis in 2 (8.7 %), myocutaneous flap in 5 (21.7 %), local flap in 2 (8.7 %) and microsurgical free flap in 9 (39.1 %). All patients were submitted to fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation and completed functional and quality of life questionnaires. Functional evaluation of swallowing showed higher prevalence of pooling of food in the nasopharynx in patients submitted to regional flap reconstruction or primary closure (53.9 %). Swallowing difficulties were predominantly related to solid foods (54.5 %) and were associated with more extensive palatal resections. Most individuals submitted to reconstruction with microsurgical flaps had satisfactory velopharyngeal mobility (87 %). The presence of nasal air escape or velopharyngeal gap was minimal in most of the sample. Hypernasality contributed minimally to imprecisions in speech articulation or intelligibility. Vocal alteration did not impact patients' quality of life. Pharyngeal phase of swallowing was satisfactory in most patients. However, nasal reflux and penetration were present in a few patients. Most patients had minimal phono-articulatory alterations as a global outcome. Scores of swallowing and speech parameters regarding the questionnaires used were high, demonstrating minor impact on quality of life.

Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla: report of two cases with different behaviours.

Head and neck chondrosarcomas are rare and potentially lethal tumours, which are even more uncommon in the head and neck region. The diagnosis of chondrosarcoma is based on the histopathological pattern of malignant chondroid tissue proliferation. The grade of malignancy and the histological surgical margins are some of the most important prognostic factors for this group of tumour. In the present report we described two cases of chondrosarcoma affecting the maxilla, which presented different behaviours. The first patient, with a high-grade tumour, died of local recurrence and the second patient, with a low-grade tumour, is alive and free of disease 60 months after the treatment. These two cases emphasize the importance of histological tumour grade and appropriate treatment for the prognosis.

Oral rehabilitation after surgical removal of pleomorphic adenoma.

Although tumors of minor salivary glands are rare, the pleomorphic adenoma is the most common pathology among the benign neoplasm and can be found with high prevalence in the junction between hard palate and soft palate. The treatment of choice for most of maxillary tumors is surgical through either a total or partial maxillectomy. However, surgical defects caused by such type of treatment lead to both clinical and psychologic disorders for the patient. The immediate oral rehabilitation using interim palate obturator after maxillectomy provides optimization on the healing process, recovers the stomatognathic functions after surgery, and avoids psychosocial sequelae for the patients. This clinical report aimed to present the rehabilitation with immediate palate obturator of a patient who underwent a partial maxillectomy due to a hard palate pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands. We report the clinical importance of the prosthetic rehabilitation and the improvements on both quality of life and stomatognathic functions of this patient. It can be concluded that the immediate rehabilitation of the patient after partial maxillectomy by using an interim palate obturator was a great option and provided clinical benefits in the immediate postoperative period, improving the patient's quality of life, allowing the patient's reinsertion into society, and reducing the surgical treatment sequelae.

Surgical treatment of oral lymphangiomas with CO2 laser: report of two uncommon cases.

This paper reports the treatment of oral lymphangiomas with carbon dioxide CO2 Laser. Lymphangiomas are rare congenital lymphatic malformations. These lesions are most frequently diagnosed during childhood, are most commonly located in the head and neck region, and are extremely rare in the oral cavity. Oral lymphangiomas are of complex treatment due to the difficulty in performing a complete excision. CO2 laser is the most often used laser in the oral cavity due to its affinity with water and high absorption by the oral mucosa. Several benefits of the use of CO2 laser have been reported for surgical oral procedures. The cases reported herein were biopsy-proven lymphangiomas of the oral cavity. The surgical procedures were carried out under local anesthesia and a focused CO2 laser beam (λ10.600 nm, Φ ~2 mm, CW/RSP) was used. At the end of the surgery, the laser beam was used on a defocused mode to promote better hemostasis. Neither sutures nor dressings were used after surgery. No medication and only mouthwashes were prescribed to all patients on the postoperative period. There were no postsurgical complaints from the patients and no relapses of the conditions were observed after follow-up periods of 12 and 18 months. The use of CO2 laser was practical, easy to carry out and effective on the treatment of oral lymphangiomas, with no lesion recurrence.

Most frequent tumors in maxillofacial area rehabilitated through surgical reconstruction and prostheses.

Cancer is regarded as the abnormal cellular multiplication; it is not controlled by the organism; and its cells present a differentiated DNA. Initially, the disease does not show clinical signs, but it can be diagnosed by laboratorial examinations. When tumors are present in the maxillofacial area, they can entail the loss of these area organs, which become responsible for the carrier's social environment exclusion. This paper aimed at showing, through a literature review, the cancers that more commonly happen in the face and the possibilities of regenerating in the patient mutilated through surgical reconstruction and prostheses.

Surgical treatment of oral lymphangiomas with CO2 laser: report of two uncommon cases

This paper reports the treatment of oral lymphangiomas with carbon dioxide CO2 Laser. Lymphangiomas are rare congenital lymphatic malformations. These lesions are most frequently diagnosed during childhood, are most commonly located in the head and neck region, and are extremely rare in the oral cavity. Oral lymphangiomas are of complex treatment due to the difficulty in performing a complete excision. CO2 laser is the most often used laser in the oral cavity due to its affinity with water and high absorption by the oral mucosa. Several benefits of the use of CO2 laser have been reported for surgical oral procedures. The cases reported herein were biopsy-proven lymphangiomas of the oral cavity. The surgical procedures were carried out under local anesthesia and a focused CO2 laser beam (l10.600 nm, f ~2 mm, CW/RSP) was used. At the end of the surgery, the laser beam was used on a defocused mode to promote better hemostasis. Neither sutures nor dressings were used after surgery. No medication and only mouthwashes were prescribed to all patients on the postoperative period. There were no postsurgical complaints from the patients and no relapses of the conditions were observed after follow-up periods of 12 and 18 months. The use of CO2 laser was practical, easy to carry out and effective on the treatment of oral lymphangiomas, with no lesion recurrence.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o tratamento de linfangiomas orais com o laser de CO2. Os linfangiomas são raras malformações linfáticas congênitas que geralmente são diagnosticados na infância. São localizados preferencialmente na região de cabeça e pescoço, mas são extremamente raros na cavidade oral. As lesões da cavidade oral são de tratamento complexo, devido à dificuldade em exercer uma completa remoção. O laser de CO2 é o laser mais usado na cavidade oral devido à sua afinidade com a água e alta absorção pela mucosa oral. Diversos benefícios da utilização deste aparelho são relatados na literatura sobre a relação de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados na cavidade oral. Os casos relatados são de linfangiomas comprovados por biópsia prévia. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados sob anestesia local com um feixe de laser de CO2 no modo focado (20C Sharplan Laser Indústrias Israel, l10.600 nm, f ~2 mm, CW/RSP). Ao final da cirurgia foi utilizado um feixe de laser no modo desfocado, para promover uma melhor hemostasia. Nem suturas e curativos foram realizados após a cirurgia. Nenhuma medicação foi utilizada, somente anti-sépticos bucais foram prescritos para os pacientes no período pós-operatório. Não houve queixas no pós-operatório dos pacientes e nem recidivas após acompanhamentos de 12 e 18 meses. A utilização do laser de CO2 é um método prático, fácil e eficaz no tratamento de linfangiomas orais, sem recidiva nos períodos de acompanhamento.

Oral hobnail hemangioma: case report.

Hobnail hemangioma (HH) is a rare benign vascular neoplasm reported as a distinctive small benign, solitary vascular neoplasm of the superficial and mid-dermis occurring on the face, trunk, or extremities of young or middle-aged adults. The oral manifestations are quite uncommon, with only three cases reported in the English language literature. The following case refers to a 38-year-old woman with a small nodule on the hard palatal mucosa. Histological findings showed a biphasic growth pattern of irregularly dilated vascular structures in the superficial mucosa, lined by epithelioid endothelial cells with a hobnail appearance, with neoplastic vessels observed in deeper parts of the lesion. In the oral cavity, the differential diagnosis includes hemangioma, melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma, whose clinical and histological features may be confused with those of HH.

Fibrolipoma associated with a mucus retention cyst in the palate: a case report.

Fibrolipomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms of the fatty tissue rarely encountered in the oral cavity. They account for around 1% to 5% of all neoplasms affecting the mouth and occur as raised, slow-growing, painless lesions of normal or yellow coloration and uncertain etiology. In contrast, mucus retention cysts are epithelium-lined cavities originated from a salivary gland. They are also raised, asymptomatic, slow-growing lesions, located on the floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa and lips. This article reports a diagnostic and a surgical treatment of a rare fibrolipoma case associated with a mucus retention cyst located in the palate.