ABSTRACT
This study compared the laboratory indexes in 40 non-severe COVID-19 patients with those in 57 healthy controls. In the peripheral blood system of non-severe symptom COVID-19 patients, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin N-terminal, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 significantly decreased, and total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, human epididymal protein 4, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein were elevated. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect hematopoiesis, hemostasis, coagulation, fibrinolysis, bone metabolism, thyroid, parathyroid glands, the liver, and the reproductive system.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Coronavirus Infections/blood , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/blood , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Bone and Bones/pathology , Bone and Bones/virology , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , COVID-19 , Case-Control Studies , China/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Ferritins/blood , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/metabolism , Fibrinolysis , Hematopoiesis , Hemostasis , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Liver/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Ovary/metabolism , Ovary/pathology , Ovary/virology , Parathyroid Glands/metabolism , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Parathyroid Glands/virology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , SARS-CoV-2 , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index , Testis/metabolism , Testis/pathology , Testis/virology , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Gland/virologyABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Inflammatory infiltrates are sometimes present in solid tumors and may be coupled to clinical behavior or etiology. Infectious viruses contribute to tumorigenesis in a significant fraction of human neoplasias. OBJECTIVE: Characterize inflammatory infiltrates and possible viral transcription in primary hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN: From the period 2007 to 2016, a total of 55 parathyroid tumors (51 adenomas and 4 hyperplasias) with prominent inflammatory infiltrates were identified from more than 2000 parathyroid tumors in the pathology archives, and investigated by immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD45 and scored as +0, +1 or +2. Clinicopathological data were compared to 142 parathyroid adenomas without histological evidence of inflammation. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for 13 parathyroid tumors (four inflammatory, 9 non-inflammatory) to identify potential viral transcripts. RESULTS: Tumors had prominent germinal center-like nodular (+2) lymphocytic infiltrates consisting of T and B lymphocytes (31%) and/or diffuse (+1-2) infiltrates of predominantly CD8+ T lymphocytes (84%). In the majority of cases with adjacent normal parathyroid tissue, the normal rim was unaffected by the inflammatory infiltrates (96%). Presence of inflammatory infiltrates was associated with higher levels of serum-PTH (Pâ =â 0.007) and oxyphilic differentiation (Pâ =â 0.002). Co-existent autoimmune disease was observed in 27% of patients with inflammatory infiltrates, which in turn was associated with oxyphilic differentiation (Pâ =â 0.041). Additionally, prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with lower serum ionized calcium (Pâ =â 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of virus-like sequences in the parathyroid tumors could be found by transcriptome sequencing, suggesting that other factors may contribute to attract the immune system to the parathyroid tumor tissue.