Properties of Pasteurella multocida isolated from animals during the seasonal migration of saigas.

The paper describes data from the study of cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties and the pathogenicity and virulence of epizootic isolates of Pasteurella multocida obtained from cattle and saigas. The study aimed to investigate the properties of P. multocida isolated from saigas and cattle during their seasonal migration, with a focus on its role in the epizootic process and potential transmission to farm animals. The research was conducted in a laboratory setting at the West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University. White mice, saigas, and cattle were examined, and pathological and bacteriological analyses were performed on tissues and secretions. Pathogenicity, virulence, and toxigenicity of the isolated Pasteurella cultures were determined through biological tests on white mice. The morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties of the isolates were studied using standard microbiological methods. The study found that P. multocida isolates from both saigas and cattle exhibited high pathogenicity and virulence when tested on white mice. The isolates from sick and dead animals displayed 65.3 and 83.3% pathogenicity, respectively. The isolates were toxic to white mice, with filtrate dilutions showing 100% toxigenicity. Comparative analysis showed morphological and cultural similarities between Pasteurella isolates from saigas and cattle, confirming their identity. This research demonstrates that P. multocida, isolated from both saigas and cattle, contributes to the epizootic process and poses a threat to farm animals. Saigas, in particular, play a role in disease transmission during seasonal migrations. Understanding the ecological interactions between wild and farm animals is crucial for implementing preventive measures to control the spread of infectious diseases, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and intervention strategies.

Effects of Pasturella Multocida B: 2 and its immunogens (LPS and OMP) on reproductive hormones in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes / Efeitos de Pasteurella multocida B: 2 e seus imunógenos (LPS e OMP) em hormônios reprodutivos em búfalos Nili-Ravi

Abstract Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry in Pakistan and contributes more than 11.53% to GDP. Among livestock species, the buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan. Being the highest milk producers globally, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are the most famous ones. Buffaloes are affected by many endemic diseases, and "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS) is one of them. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of experimental exposure ofP. multocida B:2 (oral) and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous) on reproductive hormonal profiles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Repeated serum samples were collected from the jugular vein of experimental animals for 21 days (0, 02, 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 and 504 hours). Hormonal assays to determine the serum concentrations of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were performed using (MyBioSource) commercial Elisa kits. The hormonal profile of all treatment groups of the buffalo heifers exhibited significant (P<0.05) variations as compared to the control group (G-1). These results indicate suppression in Nili-Ravi buffaloes' reproductive hormonal profile on exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its immunogens. This influence warrants that exposure to H.S may be a possible reason for delayed puberty and poor reproduction performance in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Resumo A pecuária é uma parte fundamental da indústria agrícola no Paquistão e contribui com 11,53% do PIB nacional. Entre as espécies de gado, os búfalos são considerados o ouro negro do Paquistão. Sendo os maiores produtores de leite em todo o mundo, os búfalos Nili-Ravi são os mais famosos. Os búfalos são afetados por muitas doenças endêmicas, entre as quais a "septicemia hemorrágica" (SH). Este estudo busca verificar os efeitos da exposição experimental de P. multocida B:2 (oral) e seus imunógenos, ou seja, LPS (oral e intravenoso) e OMP (oral e subcutâneo), nos perfis hormonais reprodutivos em búfalos Nili-Ravi. Amostras de soro repetidas foram coletadas da veia jugular de animais experimentais por 21 dias (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 e 504 horas). Os ensaios hormonais para determinar as concentrações séricas do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), hormônio foliculoestimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), estrogênio (E2) e progesterona (P4) foram realizados usando kits comerciais Elisa (MyBioSource). O perfil hormonal de todos os grupos de tratamento das novilhas bubalinas apresentou variações significativas (P < 0,05) em relação ao grupo controle (G-1). Esses resultados indicam supressão no perfil hormonal reprodutivo de búfalos Nili-Ravi na exposição a P. multocida B:2 e seus imunógenos. Essa influência garante que a exposição à SH possa ser uma possível razão para o atraso da puberdade e o baixo desempenho reprodutivo em búfalos Nili-Ravi.

First report of whole genome sequence of septicemic Pasteurella multocida serovar B:2 'Soron' strain isolated from swine.

Pig pasteurellosis, caused by Pasteurella multocida, is an acute infection that also has economic implications for pig farmers. We report the complete genome sequence of a P. multocida, serovar B:2 'Soron' strain isolated from the blood of a pig that had died of pasteurellosis in India. The isolate was not found to be haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) specific B:2 by the PCR assay. The genome of 'Soron' strain is a single circular chromosome of 2,272,124 base pairs in length and contains 2014 predicted coding regions, 4 ribosomal RNA operons, and 52 tRNAs. It has 1812 protein-coding genes that were also found in reference sequence PmP52Vac. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pm_P52VAc and P. multocida 'Soron' serovar B:2 were clustered in different clades. Pasteurella multocida 'Soron' serovar B:2 was found to cluster with the same ancestor of Pm70, which is of avian origin. The genome was found to contain regions that encode proteins which may confer resistance to various antibiotics including cephalosporin, which is used to treat pasteurellosis. The isolate was also found to harbour a phage region. This strain represents a novel multi-locus sequence type (MLST) that has not been previously identified, as all of the alleles used for MLST were found, but did not match any of the alleles in the database with 100% nucleotide identity. The most closely related ST was ST221. This is the first whole-genome sequence from P. multocida serovar B:2 of pig origin.

Pasteurella multocida polyserositis in growing-finishing pigs.

Pasteurella multocida is the main secondary bacterium isolated from cases of swine pneumonia. Although highly pathogenic strains of P. multocida have been associated with primary septic lesions and polyserositis in pigs, studies on this pathological presentation in naturally occurring cases are limited. The aim of this work was to characterize the clinical, pathological and molecular findings in cases of P. multocida polyserositis in growing-finishing pigs in a commercial farm in Brazil. The mean age of 17 investigated pigs was 120 days. Clinically, the disease was acute (11/17), with clinical signs of dyspnoea and apathy. Sudden death occurred in some animals (6/17). The main gross findings included fibrinous serositis affecting the abdominal and thoracic cavities (17/17), fibrinous pericarditis (15/17), marked cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (17/17) and splenic infarcts (3/17). P. multocida was isolated in all cases from systemic sites, including the pericardial sac and abdominal exudate. Molecular typing of genus and species was performed on four isolates, and all were characterized as P. multocida type A. Another five isolates were positive for the pathogenicity marker gene pfhA by polymerase chain reaction. This study reinforces the role of P. multocida as a cause of polyserositis in growing-finishing pigs.

Intranasal instillation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide in rabbits causes interstitial lung damage.

In order to characterize the in vivo lesions in the nasal cavities and lungs, twenty-eight rabbits were intranasally instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. multocida and then divided into seven groups according to euthanasia time. The nasal cavities and the lungs were processed for light microscopy, lectin histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Increased goblet cell activation and neutrophil infiltration were relevant changes in the nasal cavity. A predominantly interstitial pattern of diffuse alveolar damage and bronchopneumonic foci were the main lesions found in the lungs. LPS was found in the cytoplasm of ciliated cells, goblet cells, glandular cells, venular endothelial cells and neutrophils in the nasal cavity and in club cells, capillary endothelial cells and neutrophil in the lung. This study demonstrates that the LPS is able to cause lesions in the upper and lower respiratory tract, it binds to and is internalized by respiratory epithelial cells. Furthermore, it also traverses the intercellular spaces to reach the blood vessels, where it binds to and is internalized by neutrophil and red blood cells. These cells may then travel to the lungs where the LPS induces typical diffuse alveolar damage. This route of lung interstitial damage, to our knowledge, has not been described for this molecule or any known pathogen.

Effects of Pasturella Multocida B:2 and its immunogens (LPS and OMP) on reproductive hormones in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes.

Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry in Pakistan and contributes more than 11.53% to GDP. Among livestock species, the buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan. Being the highest milk producers globally, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are the most famous ones. Buffaloes are affected by many endemic diseases, and "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS) is one of them. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of experimental exposure ofP. multocida B:2 (oral) and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous) on reproductive hormonal profiles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Repeated serum samples were collected from the jugular vein of experimental animals for 21 days (0, 02, 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 and 504 hours). Hormonal assays to determine the serum concentrations of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were performed using (MyBioSource) commercial Elisa kits. The hormonal profile of all treatment groups of the buffalo heifers exhibited significant (P<0.05) variations as compared to the control group (G-1). These results indicate suppression in Nili-Ravi buffaloes' reproductive hormonal profile on exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its immunogens. This influence warrants that exposure to H.S may be a possible reason for delayed puberty and poor reproduction performance in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Pasteurella spp isolated from the oral cavity of domestic cats / Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos

Pasteurella spp. have been identified predominantly in the oral microbiota of domestic cats. However, Pasteurella spp. was significantly more prevalent in cats with inflammatory oral disease; and consequently, it was considered as part of the etiology in this disease. In addition, in animals, Pasteurella spp. have become increasingly resistant to a large number of antimicrobials. Natural products, especially essential oils, could contribute to minimizing this issue. This study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of six essential oils against Pasteurella spp. isolates from the oral cavity of domestic cats. Our results showed that essential oils with better antimicrobial effectiveness against most of the Pasteurella isolates were lemongrass, tea tree and clove, with inhibition values between 50 to 800 µg mL-¹. All essential oils showed bacteriostatic activity against the species of Pasteurella isolated from the domestic cats. These results suggested that lemongrass, tea tree and clove oils have potential to be used in products for oral hygiene and treatment of oral infections in domestic cats.

O gênero Pasteurella spp., considerado um comensal da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos, vem sendo, nos últimos anos, apontado como possível agente etiológico de quadros inflamatórios crônicos bucais em felinos. Ademais, em animais, as espécies de Pasteurella têm apresentado cada vez mais resistência a um grande número de antimicrobianos de uso rotineiro. Nesse contexto, os produtos naturais, como óleos essenciais com potencial antimicrobiano tem sido alvo de estudos e apontados como alternativa terapêutica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) de seis óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp. oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos. Dos óleos essenciais testados, o capim-limão, tea tree, cravo e a camomila romana apresentaram ação bacteriostática frente aos isolados de Pasteurella spp. Contudo, os óleos de capim-limão, tea-tree e cravo apresentaram os melhores resultados, com valores de inibitórios entre 50 a 800 µg mL-¹. Esses resultados sugerem que os óleos de capim-limão, tea tree e cravo têm potencial para serem utilizados como produtos para higiene bucal e para o tratamento de infecções da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos.

Equine abortion associated with placentitis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica / Aborto equino associado a placentite por Pasteurella pneumotropica

Pasteurella pneumotropica is a bacterium that has so far not been described as a cause of placentitis in animals. Two cases of aborted equine fetuses were sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul" (SPV-UFRGS) for anatomopathological examination. Both cases presented suppurative placentitis associated with multiple basophilic bacterial cells. After bacterial isolation and biochemical analysis, P. pneumotropica was identified.(AU)

Pasteurella pneumotropica é uma bactéria que até o momento não foi descrita como causa de placentite em animais. Dois casos de fetos equinos abortados foram enviados ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) para exame anatomopatológico. Em ambos os casos se observou placentite supurativa associada a múltiplas colônias bacterianas basofílicas. Após o isolamento bacteriano e análise bioquímica, indentificou-se P. pneumotropica.(AU)

Equine abortion associated with placentitis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica / Aborto equino associado a placentite por Pasteurella pneumotropica

Pasteurella pneumotropica is a bacterium that has so far not been described as a cause of placentitis in animals. Two cases of aborted equine fetuses were sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul" (SPV-UFRGS) for anatomopathological examination. Both cases presented suppurative placentitis associated with multiple basophilic bacterial cells. After bacterial isolation and biochemical analysis, P. pneumotropica was identified.

Pasteurella pneumotropica é uma bactéria que até o momento não foi descrita como causa de placentite em animais. Dois casos de fetos equinos abortados foram enviados ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) para exame anatomopatológico. Em ambos os casos se observou placentite supurativa associada a múltiplas colônias bacterianas basofílicas. Após o isolamento bacteriano e análise bioquímica, indentificou-se P. pneumotropica.

Meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats: 3 cases of Pasteurella multocida infection and literature review.

Neurologic diseases are common in domestic cats, and infectious agents are suspected to be the primary cause in 30-45% of cases. Among infectious etiologies, those of bacterial origin are only sporadically characterized in the literature, with few of these reports correlating gross and histologic findings with confirmatory bacteriologic identification. Here, we describe bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis associated with Pasteurella multocida in 3 domestic cats. Purulent exudate expanding the cerebral meninges was grossly evident in 2 of the cases. In all 3 cases, histologic changes included multifocal suppurative-to-necrosuppurative meningitis and/or meningoencephalomyelitis of variable severity. Intralesional colonies of gram-negative, short rod-shaped to coccobacillary bacteria were evident histologically in only 1 case. P. multocida was confirmed by routine bacteriologic culture in all cases. Based on our cases, we hypothesize that the upper respiratory system serves as the main portal of entry for P. multocida, leading to invasion of the central nervous system and possible systemic hematogenous dissemination. A case series of meningoencephalomyelitis associated with P. multocida infection in cats has not been reported previously, to our knowledge. We also review briefly other causes of meningoencephalomyelitis in cats.

Melhoria da eficácia do florfenicol no tratamento de pneumonia caprina causada por Pasteurella multocida e Mannheimia haemolytica / Improving the effectiveness of florfenicol in the treatment of caprine pneumonia by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica

O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a eficácia do tratamento do florfenicol na dose tradicional de 20mg/kg, administrado por via intramuscular e intravenosa, no tratamento de pneumonia por Pasteurella multocida e Mannheimia haemolytica, utilizando o modelamento farmacocinético/farmacodinâmico (PK/PD). Para isso, foi realizada uma simulação de Monte Carlo dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos, em seguida, efetuou-se o modelamento PK/PD para determinar as taxas de eficácia no tratamento dessa infecção bacteriana, segundo o valor da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) das bactérias, considerando o intervalo de 0,125 - 4µg/mL. Pela via intramuscular, a probabilidade de se atingir o índice de erradicação bacteriológica foi de 100%, com a CIM de até 0,25µg/mL, efeito bactericida de 100% com CIM até 0,5µg/mL e efeito bacteriostático de 100% com CIM até 1µg/mL. Já pela via intravenosa, a probabilidade de erradicação bacteriológica foi de 100% com CIM até 0,5µg/mL e efeito bacteriostático com probabilidades de 100% e 83% com CIMs de 2 e 4µg/mL, respectivamente. O tratamento com florfenicol na dose de 20mg/kg, via intramuscular, diminuiu de forma significativa para infecções causadas por microrganismos com CIM superior a 0,5µg/mL, porém, pela via intravenosa, os efeitos antibacterianos foram eficientes para CIMs maiores, como as de 2 e 4µg/mL (p < 0.01). Este estudo evidencia a necessidade de se incorporar no protocolo terapêutico o isolamento bacteriológico e levar em consideração a via de administração para que haja a otimização da dose tradicional, a fim de evitar falhas na terapia antimicrobiana, potencializando uma resistência microbiana.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of florfenicol in the traditional dose of 20mg/kg administered intramuscularly and intravenously, in the treatment of pneumonia by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, using pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic modeling (PK/PD). A Monte Carlo simulation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters was carried out, and then the PK / PD modeling was performed to determine the efficacy rates in the treatment of this bacterial infection, according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the bacteria, considering the range of 0.125 - 4µg/mL. Through the intramuscular route, the probability of reaching the bacteriological eradication rate was 100%, with the MIC up to 0.25µg/mL; bactericidal effect of 100% with MIC up to 0.5µg/mL and bacteriostatic effect of 100% with MIC up to 1µg/mL. Intravenously, the probability of bacteriological eradication was 100% with MIC up to 0.5µg/mL and bacteriostatic effect with probabilities of 100% and 83% with MICs of 2 and 4µg/mL, respectively. Treatment with florfenicol at a dose of 20mg/kg, intramuscularly, decreased significantly for infections caused by microorganisms with MIC greater than 0.5µg/mL, however, intravenously the antibacterial effects were efficient for MICs larger than those of 2 and 4µg/mL (p < 0.01). This study highlights the need to incorporate bacteriological isolation into the therapeutic protocol and take into account the route of administration in order to optimize the traditional dose in order to avoid flaws in antimicrobial therapy, enhancing microbial resistance.

Pathogenomics insights for understanding Pasteurella multocida adaptation.

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary pathogen able to infect a wide range of animals in a broad spectrum of diseases. P. multocida is a complex microorganism in relation to its genomic flexibility, host adaptation and pathogenesis. Epidemiological analysis based on multilocus sequence typing, serotyping, genotyping, association with virulence genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), enables assessment of intraspecies diversity, phylogenetic and strain-specific relationships associated with host predilection or disease. A high number of sequenced genomes provides us a more accurate genomic and epidemiological interpretation to determine whether certain lineages can infect a host or produce disease. Comparative genomic analysis and pan-genomic approaches have revealed a flexible genome for hosting mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and therefore significant variation in gene content. Moreover, it was possible to find lineage-specific MGEs from the same niche, showing acquisition probably due to an evolutionary convergence event or to a genetic group with infective capacity. Furthermore, diversification selection analysis exhibits proteins exposed on the surface subject to selection pressures with an interstrain heterogeneity related to their ability to adapt. This article is the first review describing the genomic relationship to elucidate the diversity and evolution of P. multocida.

Pasteurella canis infection in a non-human primate black-tailed marmoset (Mico melanurus)-A case report.

This study reports the pathological and microbiological findings of pneumonia in a Mico melanurus caused by Pasteurella canis, confirmed for molecular analyses. It demonstrated the importance that wild species represent in the epidemiology of pasteurellosis in anthropic environments, when inserted into urban areas.

Bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract of sheep and their relationship to clinical signs of sheep respiratory disease / Bactérias detectadas no trato respiratório inferior de ovinos e a relação com as manifestações clínicas da doença respiratória ovina

Respiratory diseases are among the most important diseases in sheep flocks. Herein was studied the bacterial etiology of respiratory disease and the clinical signs of 99 female and male sheep breed in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. After physical examination of animals, tracheobronchial flushing samples were obtained. The usual bacteria and Mycoplasma spp. were searched, as well as their association with the clinical status and clinical signs of sheep with respiratory disease. The main observed signs were: tachypnea (75%), increase of rectal temperature (09.4%), mucopurulent/purulent nasal discharge (21.9%), cough (25%), dyspnea (31.2%), changes of lung sounds at auscultation (87.5%) and chest percussion (28.1%) in pneumonic sheep. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. were the most isolated bacteria. Microorganisms of the Mollicutes class were molecularly (PCR) detected in 33.3% of the animals. In addition, the specific detection of M. mycoides subsp. capri was described for the first time in sheep from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.(AU)

A doença respiratória é uma das doenças mais importantes em rebanhos ovinos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a etiologia bacteriana da doença respiratória e sua relação com sinais clínicos em ovinos criados nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Noventa e nove ovelhas machos e fêmeas dos Estados de São Paulo (SP) e Rio de Janeiro (RJ) foram estudadas. Após o exame físico, amostras de lavagem traqueobrônquica foram obtidas. A presença de bactérias aeróbias e Mycoplasma spp. foram estudados, assim como a associação entre os microrganismos e estado clínico e sinais clínicos de doença respiratória em ovinos. As principais manifestações clínicas observadas foram: taquipneia (75%), alta temperatura retal (09,4%), secreção nasal mucopurulenta/purulenta (21,9%), tosse (25%), dispneia (31,2%), sons pulmonares alterados na ausculta (87,5%) e na percussão torácica (28,1%) em ovelhas pneumônicas. Bactérias gram-negativas não fermentadoras e Bacillus sp. foram as bactérias mais isoladas. Microrganismos da classe Mollicutes foram detectados molecularmente (PCR) em 33,3% dos ovinos. Além disso, descreve-se pela primeira vez no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, a detecção do M. mycoides subsp. capri na espécie ovina utilizando a reação de polimerase em cadeia.(AU)

Bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract of sheep and their relationship to clinical signs of sheep respiratory disease / Bactérias detectadas no trato respiratório inferior de ovinos e a relação com as manifestações clínicas da doença respiratória ovina

Respiratory diseases are among the most important diseases in sheep flocks. Herein was studied the bacterial etiology of respiratory disease and the clinical signs of 99 female and male sheep breed in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. After physical examination of animals, tracheobronchial flushing samples were obtained. The usual bacteria and Mycoplasma spp. were searched, as well as their association with the clinical status and clinical signs of sheep with respiratory disease. The main observed signs were: tachypnea (75%), increase of rectal temperature (09.4%), mucopurulent/purulent nasal discharge (21.9%), cough (25%), dyspnea (31.2%), changes of lung sounds at auscultation (87.5%) and chest percussion (28.1%) in pneumonic sheep. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. were the most isolated bacteria. Microorganisms of the Mollicutes class were molecularly (PCR) detected in 33.3% of the animals. In addition, the specific detection of M. mycoides subsp. capri was described for the first time in sheep from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.(AU)

A doença respiratória é uma das doenças mais importantes em rebanhos ovinos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a etiologia bacteriana da doença respiratória e sua relação com sinais clínicos em ovinos criados nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Noventa e nove ovelhas machos e fêmeas dos Estados de São Paulo (SP) e Rio de Janeiro (RJ) foram estudadas. Após o exame físico, amostras de lavagem traqueobrônquica foram obtidas. A presença de bactérias aeróbias e Mycoplasmaspp. foram estudados, assim como a associação entre os microrganismos e estado clínico e sinais clínicos de doença respiratória em ovinos. As principais manifestações clínicas observadas foram: taquipneia (75%), alta temperatura retal (09,4%), secreção nasal mucopurulenta/purulenta (21,9%), tosse (25%), dispneia (31,2%), sons pulmonares alterados na ausculta (87,5%) e na percussão torácica (28,1%) em ovelhas pneumônicas. Bactérias gram-negativas não fermentadoras e Bacillus sp. foram as bactérias mais isoladas. Microrganismos da classe Mollicutes foram detectados molecularmente (PCR) em 33,3% dos ovinos. Além disso, descreve-se pela primeira vez no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, a detecção do M. mycoides subsp. capri na espécie ovina utilizando a reação de polimerase em cadeia.(AU)

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...(AU)

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...

Pathogenic variability among Pasteurella multocida type A isolates from Brazilian pig farms.

BACKGROUND: Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) is considered a secondary agent of pneumonia in pigs. The role of PmA as a primary pathogen was investigated by challenging pigs with eight field strains isolated from pneumonia and serositis in six Brazilian states. Eight groups of eight pigs each were intranasally inoculated with different strains of PmA (1.5 mL/nostril of 10e7 CFU/mL). The control group (n = 12) received sterile PBS. The pigs were euthanized by electrocution and necropsied by 5 dpi. Macroscopic lesions were recorded, and swabs and fragments of thoracic and abdominal organs were analyzed by bacteriological and pathological assays. The PmA strains were analyzed for four virulence genes (toxA: toxin; pfhA: adhesion; tbpA and hgbB: iron acquisition) by PCR and sequencing and submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: The eight PmA strains were classified as follows: five as highly pathogenic (HP) for causing necrotic bronchopneumonia and diffuse fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis; one as low pathogenic for causing only focal bronchopneumonia; and two as nonpathogenic because they did not cause injury to any pig. PCR for the gene pfhA was positive for all five HP isolates. Sequencing demonstrated that the pfhA region of the HP strains comprised four genes: tpsB1, pfhA1, tpsB2 and pfhA2. The low and nonpathogenic strains did not contain the genes tpsB2 and pfhA2. A deletion of four bases was observed in the pfhA gene in the low pathogenic strain, and an insertion of 37 kb of phage DNA was observed in the nonpathogenic strains. MLST clustered the HP isolates in one group and the low and nonpathogenic isolates in another. Only the nonpathogenic isolates matched sequence type 10; the other isolates did not match any type available in the MLST database. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that some PmA strains are primary pathogens and cause disease in pigs without any co-factor was confirmed. The pfhA region, comprising the genes tpsB1, tpsB2, pfhA1 and pfhA2, is related to the pathogenicity of PmA. The HP strains can cause necrotic bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis in pigs and can be identified by PCR amplification of the gene pfhA2.

Fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine lymphoma / Pleuropneumonia fibrinosa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada a linfoma bovino

In this work, we describe an unusual case of fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with generalized lymphadenomegaly in a bovine. The animal had a one-month history of generalized superficial lymphadenomegaly that progressed to anorexia and submandibular oedema, resulting in spontaneous death. At necropsy, the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and multiple organs was obliterated by a dense proliferation of round neoplastic cells (lymphoma). Additionally, the neoplasm presented multifocal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis, characteristic of lymphoma. The parietal and visceral pleura and parietal pericardium were enlarged and covered diffusely with large amounts of a yellowish fibrillary material. The lungs were mildly enlarged, non-collapsed, and firm and exhibited interlobular septae that were thickened with a gelatinous material. Histopathological examination showed that the parietal and visceral pleura were enlarged due to a diffuse and severe inflammatory infiltrate composed of degenerate neutrophils associated with severe fibrin deposition, characteristic of fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Pleura and parietal pericardium fragments were cultivated in aerobic and microaerobic microbiological conditions. Round greyish colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli that were shiny and non-haemolytic were observed in sheep blood agar. The biochemical profile was indicative of Pasteurella spp. Molecular identification was performed by partial 16S rRNA amplification following sequencing. Pasteurella multocida was confirmed as the primary bacterium associated with the bovine fibrinous pleuropneumonia. We are able to infer that the lymphoma caused immunodepression, which increased the animals susceptibility to atypical infectious microorganisms such as pathogenic P. multocida.(AU)

Nesse trabalho, relatamos um caso de pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada à linfoadenomegalia em um bovino. O animal apresentava aumento generalizado de linfonodos há um mês progredindo para anorexia e edema submandibular por três dias culminando com óbito. Durante a necropsia, tanto dos linfonodos quanto de diversos órgãos evidenciaram proliferação neoplásica de células arredondadas e arranjadas em mantos (linfoma). Adicionalmente, áreas multifocais de hemorragia e necrose, características de linfoma, foram observadas. As pleuras parietal e visceral e pericárdio parietal apresentavam-se espessas e recobertas por acentuada quantidade de fibrina. Os pulmões estavam aumentados, não colabados, firmes e exibiam espessamento com edema moderado de septos interlobulares. À microscopia, cortes da pleura visceral exibiram acentuado infiltrado inflamatório de neutrófilos degenerados com intensa deposição de fibrina, características da pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa, além de neovascularização e proliferação de fibroblastos. Amostras de pulmão e da pleura foram cultivadas em aerobiose e microaerobiose. Evidenciou-se o crescimento puro no ágar sangue ovino de colônias redondas, acinzentadas, brilhantes e não-hemolíticas, sendo caracterizadas como cocobacilos gram-negativos. As características bioquímicas do isolado foram condizentes com Pasteurella spp. Procedeu-se a identificação molecular do isolado através da amplificação parcial do gene rRNA 16S com posterior sequenciamento do produto amplificado. Deste modo foi possível a confirmação do isolado como Pasteurella multocida, sendo o agente primário da pleuropneumonia fibrinosa. Com estes dados, podemos afirmar que o linfoma causou um quadro de imunodepressão, a qual aumenta a susceptibilidade dos animais a agentes infecciosos atípicos, como a P. multocida patogênica.(AU)

Fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine lymphoma / Pleuropneumonia fibrinosa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada a linfoma bovino

In this work, we describe an unusual case of fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with generalized lymphadenomegaly in a bovine. The animal had a one-month history of generalized superficial lymphadenomegaly that progressed to anorexia and submandibular oedema, resulting in spontaneous death. At necropsy, the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and multiple organs was obliterated by a dense proliferation of round neoplastic cells (lymphoma). Additionally, the neoplasm presented multifocal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis, characteristic of lymphoma. The parietal and visceral pleura and parietal pericardium were enlarged and covered diffusely with large amounts of a yellowish fibrillary material. The lungs were mildly enlarged, non-collapsed, and firm and exhibited interlobular septae that were thickened with a gelatinous material. Histopathological examination showed that the parietal and visceral pleura were enlarged due to a diffuse and severe inflammatory infiltrate composed of degenerate neutrophils associated with severe fibrin deposition, characteristic of fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Pleura and parietal pericardium fragments were cultivated in aerobic and microaerobic microbiological conditions. Round greyish colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli that were shiny and non-haemolytic were observed in sheep blood agar. The biochemical profile was indicative of Pasteurella spp. Molecular identification was performed by partial 16S rRNA amplification following sequencing. Pasteurella multocida was confirmed as the primary bacterium associated with the bovine fibrinous pleuropneumonia. We are able to infer that the lymphoma caused immunodepression, which increased the animals susceptibility to atypical infectious microorganisms such as pathogenic P. multocida.

Nesse trabalho, relatamos um caso de pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada à linfoadenomegalia em um bovino. O animal apresentava aumento generalizado de linfonodos há um mês progredindo para anorexia e edema submandibular por três dias culminando com óbito. Durante a necropsia, tanto dos linfonodos quanto de diversos órgãos evidenciaram proliferação neoplásica de células arredondadas e arranjadas em mantos (linfoma). Adicionalmente, áreas multifocais de hemorragia e necrose, características de linfoma, foram observadas. As pleuras parietal e visceral e pericárdio parietal apresentavam-se espessas e recobertas por acentuada quantidade de fibrina. Os pulmões estavam aumentados, não colabados, firmes e exibiam espessamento com edema moderado de septos interlobulares. À microscopia, cortes da pleura visceral exibiram acentuado infiltrado inflamatório de neutrófilos degenerados com intensa deposição de fibrina, características da pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa, além de neovascularização e proliferação de fibroblastos. Amostras de pulmão e da pleura foram cultivadas em aerobiose e microaerobiose. Evidenciou-se o crescimento puro no ágar sangue ovino de colônias redondas, acinzentadas, brilhantes e não-hemolíticas, sendo caracterizadas como cocobacilos gram-negativos. As características bioquímicas do isolado foram condizentes com Pasteurella spp. Procedeu-se a identificação molecular do isolado através da amplificação parcial do gene rRNA 16S com posterior sequenciamento do produto amplificado. Deste modo foi possível a confirmação do isolado como Pasteurella multocida, sendo o agente primário da pleuropneumonia fibrinosa. Com estes dados, podemos afirmar que o linfoma causou um quadro de imunodepressão, a qual aumenta a susceptibilidade dos animais a agentes infecciosos atípicos, como a P. multocida patogênica.