Avaliação, quantificação e implementação de um protocolo para analgesia em pacientes submetidas a braquiterapia para carcinoma do colo uterino não operados / Evaluation, quantification, and implementation of a protocol for analgesia in patients undergoing brachytherapy for non-operated cervical carcinoma

Introdução: O câncer cervical (CC) se desenvolve a partir de alterações no colo do útero e é caracterizado por um lento estado pré-invasivo e pré-maligno que pode surgir de infecções repetidas pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). É o segundo câncer mais prevalente em mulheres em todo o mundo, representando 7,5% de todas as mortes por câncer feminino, com 87% dessas mortes ocorrendo em países em desenvolvimento. A associação de teleterapia e braquiterapia com alta taxa de dose (BATD) é o método mais utilizado no tratamento do CC. Durante o tratamento, a dor é considerada uma questão importante em pacientes submetidas a BATD, pois pode interferir no resultado do tratamento, porém não há um protocolo de analgesia específico para esta situação definido na literatura. Objetivos: Primários: Avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo de analgesia proposto para pacientes submetidas à BATD. Secundários: Quantificar a dor da paciente submetida à BATD através de escala visual analógica (EVA) e analisar a correlação existente entre diversas características clínicas sociais básicas e a escala de dor apresentada pelas pacientes durante as semanas de tratamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, descritivo, analítico, de centro único, desenvolvido no Departamento de Radioterapia do A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, onde trinta e cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de CC e com indicação de tratamento por BATD foram avaliadas. A quantificação da dor foi realizada através da EVA e o protocolo investigacional proposto consistiu de: a) butilbrometo de escopolamina + metamizol de sódio (para pacientes com dor EVA entre 1 a 2) e, b) butilbrometo de escopolamina + sulfato de morfina penta-hidratado (para pacientes com dor EVA entre 3 a 7). Resultados: Pudemos observar mudança favorável na condição de dor entre a primeira e a quarta semana de tratamento (p < 0,01), assim como observamos diferenças entre o escore de dor entre a primeira e a segunda semana e entre a primeira e a quarta semana de tratamento. Não verificamos associação entre nenhuma das características das pacientes com o nível de dor (p > 0,05). Conclusão: O protocolo aplicado foi eficaz na redução da dor em pacientes submetidas à BATD

Introduction:Cervical cancer (CC) develops from changes in the cervix and is characterized by a slow pre-invasive and pre-malignant state that can arise from repeated infections by the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is the second most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, accounting for 7.5% of all deaths from female cancer, with 87% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. The association of teletherapy and brachytherapy high dose rate (HDR) is the most used method in the treatment of CC. During treatment, pain is considered an important issue in patients HDR submit, as it can interfere with the treatment outcome, but there is no specific analgesia protocol for this situation defined in the literature.Objectives Primary:Evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed analgesia protocol for patients undergoing HDR.Secondary:Quantify the pain of the patient submitted to HDR using the visual analogic scale (VAS) and analyze the correlation between several basic social clinical characteristics and the pain scale presented by the patients during the weeks of treatment.Methodology: This is a prospective, descriptive, analytical, single-center study developed at the Radiotherapy Department of A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, where thirty-five patients diagnosed with CC and HDR indication treatment were evaluated. The quantification of pain was performed using VAS and the investigative protocol proposed, consisting ofa)scopolamine butylbromide + sodium metamizole (for patients with VAS pain from 1 to 2) and,b)scopolamine butylbromide + Pentamorphine sulfate hydrated (for patients with VAS pain from 3 to 7).Results:Observed a favorable change in the pain condition between the first and the fourth week of treatment (p <0.01), as well as observed differences in the pain score between the first and second week and, the first and fourth week of treatment. We did not find an association between any of the patient's characteristics and level of pain (p> 0.05).Conclusion:The applied protocol was effective pain-reducing in patients undergoing HDR.

Amelogênese imperfeita do tipo hipoplásica: relato de dois casos familiares / Amelogénesis imperfecta del tipo hipoplásico: informe de dos casos familiares / Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta: report of two family cases

RESUMO Introdução: Diariamente o cirurgião dentista se depara com diversos casos que exigem acurácia no diagnóstico inicial e atenção para o tratamento que irá ser proposto, uma dessas é a amelogênese imperfeita, que é uma rara alteração dentária de caráter hereditário. As características principais da amelogênese imperfeita são hipomineralização ou hipoplasia da matriz de esmalte, o que ocasiona descoloração, sensibilidade e fragilidade deste tecido, apresentando diferentes subtipos clínicos, sendo a variante hipoplásica a mais prevalente. Objetivo: Relatar dois casos de amelogênese imperfeita do tipo hipoplásica entre membros de uma mesma família, correlacionando-os. Apresentação do caso: O diagnóstico foi feito através dos exames clínico e radiográfico, além da correlação entre os achados clínicos encontrados em cada paciente e com outros familiares, sendo proposto um plano de tratamento multidisciplinar e consistente com a condição adequada. Conclusões: É importante para o cirurgião dentista estudar e conhecer essas alterações raras para poder estabelecer diagnóstico preciso. Além disso, deve-se ampliar a conduta clínica através de um planejamento individualizado e/ou familiar, tratando não apenas aspectos estéticos e funcionais, mas também psicológico e sociais(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Diariamente el cirujano dentista se enfrenta a varios casos que exigen precisión en el diagnóstico inicial y atención para el tratamiento que se propondrá, una de las cuales es la amelogénesis imperfecta, que es un rara alteración dental de carácter hereditario. Las características principales de la amelogénesis imperfecta son hipomeralización o hipoplasia de la matriz de esmalte, lo que ocasiona decoloración, sensibilidad y fragilidad de este tejido, con la presencia de diferentes subtipos clínicos, siendo la variante hipoplásica la más prevalente. Objetivo: Informar dos casos de amelogénesis imperfecta del tipo hipoplásica entre miembros de una misma familia, correlacionándolos. Presentación del caso: El diagnóstico se realizó a través de los exámenes clínicos y radiográficos, además de la correlación entre los hallazgos clínicos encontrados en cada paciente y con otros familiares, por lo que fue propuesto un plan de tratamiento multidisciplinario y consistente con la condición adecuada. Conclusiones: Es importante para el cirujano dentista que estudie y conozca estos cambios raros para poder establecer un diagnóstico preciso. Además, se debe ampliar la conducta clínica a través de una planificación individualizada y / o familiar, tratando no solo aspectos estéticos y funcionales, sino también psicológicos y sociales(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental surgeons are confronted every day with several cases that require accuracy in the initial diagnosis and attention to the treatment that will be proposed. One of these is amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare hereditary tooth alteration. The main features of amelogenesis imperfecta are hypomineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel matrix resulting in discoloration, sensitivity and fragility of this tissue. Of the existing clinical subtypes, the hypoplastic variant is the most prevalent. Objective: Report and correlate two cases of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta in members of the same family. Case presentation: The diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic examination, as well as analysis of the correlation between the clinical findings obtained from each patient and other relatives. The treatment plan proposed was therefore multidisciplinary and appropriately consistent with the condition. Conclusions: It is important for dental surgeons to study and be aware of these rare changes to be able to establish an accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, clinical management should be broadened through individualized and/or family planning, paying attention not only to esthetic and functional aspects, but psychological and social as well(AU)

Diabetes INSIDE: Improving Population HbA1c Testing and Targets in Primary Care With a Quality Initiative.

OBJECTIVE: To improve outcomes of patients with adult type 2 diabetes by decreasing HbA1c undertesting, reducing the proportion of patients with poor glycemic control, and lowering mean HbA1c levels using a quality improvement (QI) program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Six years of outpatient electronic health record (EHR) data were analyzed for care gaps before and 2 years after implementing a QI initiative in an urban academic medical center. QI strategies included 1) individual provider and departmental outcome reports, 2) patient outreach programs to address timely follow-up care, 3) a patient awareness campaign to improve understanding of achieving clinical goals, 4) improving EHR data capture to improve population monitoring, and 5) professional education. RESULTS: Analysis (January 2010 to May 2018) of 7,798 patients from Tulane Medical Center (mean age 61 years, 57% female, 62% black, 97% insured) with 136,004 visits showed target improvements. A Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, race, and HbA1c level showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c undertesting >6 months (hazard ratio 1.20 ± 0.07). Statistical process control charts showed 15.5% relative improvement in the patient proportion with HbA1c >9% (75 mmol/mol) from 13% to 11% (P < 10-6) following QI interventions and a 2.1% improvement of population mean HbA1c from 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) to 7.2% (55 mmol/mol) (P < 10-6). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary QI teams using EHR data to design interventions for providers and patients produced statistically significant improvements in both care process and clinical outcome goals.

La transición del adolescente con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: Implicaciones para el tratamiento del adulto / Transition of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Implications for treatment of adults

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo crónico, complejo y multifactorial asociado con elevadas tasas de concurrencia con otros trastornos psiquiátricos, junto con problemas y repercusiones en diferentes áreas del funcionamiento del individuo. El TDAH no es exclusivo de la edad infanto-juvenil, estimándose una persistencia del 40-60% en la edad adulta, de modo que entre 2.5 y 5% de adultos continúan presentando este trastorno. La adolescencia es una etapa en la que se producen grandes y continuos cambios y que se asocia con una menor adherencia al tratamiento, una mayor vulnerabilidad a la aparición de problemas académicos, más conductas de riesgo, el inicio en el consumo de sustancias y la aparición de otros trastornos comórbidos. Se produce también la transición a los servicios o unidades de adultos, siendo necesaria una mayor coordinación entre los servicios infanto-juveniles y de adultos para asegurar una continuidad de la intervención en una etapa d e la vida en la que el paciente es especialmente vulnerable. Como en el caso de los niños y adolescentes, el tratamiento recomendado en el adulto con TDAH es el abordaje multimodal y multidisciplinar, que combina la medicación con estrategias psicológicas o psicosociales, como la psicoeducación, la terapia cognitivo conductual o el coaching, adaptadas a las necesidades individuales de cada paciente. Los fármacos psicoestimulantes son considerados de primera elección en adultos por las guías clínicas.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, complex and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder associated with high rates of concurrent psychiatric disorders, along with problems and complications on different areas of individual functioning. ADHD is not exclusively a childhood disorder, 40-60% persisting into adulthood with an estimated prevalence of 2.5-5%. Adolescence is a stage where great and continuous changes occur, associated with a lower adherence to treatment, a greater vulnerability to the emergence of academic problems, more risk-behaviors, the onset of substance use and higher rates of other comorbid disorders. The transition to adult services or units also occurs at this stage, requiring greater coordination between child/adolescent and adult services to ensure continuity of care in a phase of life in which the patient is particularly vulnerable. As in the case of children and adolescents, the recommended treatment for adults with ADHD is the multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, that combines medication with psychological or psychosocial strategies, such as psycho-education, cognitive behavioral therapy or coaching, adapted to the individual needs of each patient. Clinical guidelines recommend psycho-stimulant drugs as first-line treatments for adult patients with ADHD.

[Transition of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Implications for treatment of adults]. / La transición del adolescente con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Implicaciones en el tratamiento en el adulto.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, complex and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder associated with high rates of concurrent psychiatric disorders, along with problems and complications on different areas of individual functioning. ADHD is not exclusively a childhood disorder, 40-60% persisting into adulthood with an estimated prevalence of 2.5-5%. Adolescence is a stage where great and continuous changes occur, associated with a lower adherence to treatment, a greater vulnerability to the emergence of academic problems, more risk-behaviors, the onset of substance use and higher rates of other comorbid disorders. The transition to adult services or units also occurs at this stage, requiring greater coordination between child/adolescent and adult services to ensure continuity of care in a phase of life in which the patient is particularly vulnerable. As in the case of children and adolescents, the recommended treatment for adults with ADHD is the multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, that combines medication with psychological or psychosocial strategies, such as psycho-education, cognitive behavioral therapy or coaching, adapted to the individual needs of each patient. Clinical guidelines recommend psycho-stimulant drugs as first-line treatments for adult patients with ADHD.

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo crónico, complejo y multifactorial asociado con elevadas tasas de concurrencia con otros trastornos psiquiátricos, junto con problemas y repercusiones en diferentes áreas del funcionamiento del individuo. El TDAH no es exclusivo de la edad infanto-juvenil, estimándose una persistencia del 40-60% en la edad adulta, de modo que entre 2.5 y 5% de adultos continúan presentando este trastorno. La adolescencia es una etapa en la que se producen grandes y continuos cambios y que se asocia con una menor adherencia al tratamiento, una mayor vulnerabilidad a la aparición de problemas académicos, más conductas de riesgo, el inicio en el consumo de sustancias y la aparición de otros trastornos comórbidos. Se produce también la transición a los servicios o unidades de adultos, siendo necesaria una mayor coordinación entre los servicios infanto-juveniles y de adultos para asegurar una continuidad de la intervención en una etapa d e la vida en la que el paciente es especialmente vulnerable. Como en el caso de los niños y adolescentes, el tratamiento recomendado en el adulto con TDAH es el abordaje multimodal y multidisciplinar, que combina la medicación con estrategias psicológicas o psicosociales, como la psicoeducación, la terapia cognitivo conductual o el coaching, adaptadas a las necesidades individuales de cada paciente. Los fármacos psicoestimulantes son considerados de primera elección en adultos por las guías clínicas.

Influence of 2D vs 3D imaging and professional experience on dental implant treatment planning.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether professional experience and type of image examination (panoramic radiography (PAN) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)) could influence the pre-surgical planning for dental implant treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six dentists, from two different levels of experience (senior (Sr) and junior (Jr)) performed simulated pre-surgical planning by using PANs and after 1 month, by using CBCTs, considering implant length (IL), implant width (IW), need for bone graft (BG), and other surgical procedures (OP). Bland-Altman test and Kappa coefficient were used to identify agreements. RESULTS: Bland-Altman test showed good agreement in the plans for inter-professional (i.e., Sr vs Jr) comparisons. Bland-Altman plots displayed intra-observer agreement (i.e., differences between PAN and CBCT), showing discrepancy between imaging modalities for IL and a tendency towards selecting larger dental implant options when using PAN and smaller options with CBCT. Kappa showed almost perfect (0.81-1.0) agreement between Jr and Sr for OP (PAN and CBCT). For BG, agreement was substantial (0.61-0.80) when planning was done with PAN and CBCT. Descriptive statistics showed evidence that when Jrs used CBCT, they no longer indicated the BG they had planned when they used PAN. CONCLUSION: There were differences in the pre-surgical planning for treatment with dental implants depending on the professional experience and the type of imaging examination used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Variation in dental implant planning can affect treatment time, cost, and morbidity in patients.

As necessidades de cuidado do cliente oncológico hospitalizado: aplicação da taxonomia nanda / Necesidades de atención de los pacientes con cáncer: aplicación de la taxonomía nanda / Care needs of hospitalized cancer patients: application of nanda taxonomy

Objectives: To identify care needs of cancer patient and correlate these needs with the domains of NANDA taxonomy. Method: Qualitative study conducted in clinical wards for hospitalization of adults of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Seven interviews were conducted and analyzed by the method of thematic analysis. Results: The interviews showed that cancer patients have their sleep patterns, nutrition and eliminations changed during hospitalization. Also underlined the hope of a cure, the belief and support of family and friends actuate in the process of coping with the disease. In the interviews two dimensions of nursing were identified: Nursing related to techniques and proceedings, and Nursing related to therapeutic communication. Conclusion: To identify needs for nursing care means to completely observe those patients, see beyond the disease, see a human being who has beliefs, values , coping skills, and strong support from family and friends.

Objetivos: Identificar as necessidades de cuidado do cliente oncológico e correlacionar essas necessidades com os domínios da taxonomia NANDA. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado nas enfermarias clínicas de internação de adultos de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas 7 entrevistas e analisadas através do método de análise temática. Resultados: As entrevistas apontaram que os clientes oncológicos possuem seu padrão de sono, nutrição e eliminações alterados durante a hospitalização. Também foi evidenciado a esperança na cura, a crença e o apoio da família e amigos influenciando no processo de enfrentamento da doença. Nas entrevistas foram apontadas duas dimensões da Enfermagem: a Enfermagem relacionada a técnicas e procedimentos, e a Enfermagem relacionada à comunicação terapêutica. Conclusão: Identificar as necessidades de cuidado de Enfermagem desses clientes significa observá-lo por completo, enxergar além da patologia, visualizar um ser que possui crenças, valores, capacidade de enfrentamento e um forte apoio de familiares e amigos.

Objetivos: Identificar las necesidades de atención de cáncer y se correlacionan estas necesidades de los clientes con las áreas de la taxonomía NANDA. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en las salas clínicas de hospitalización de adultos de un hospital universitario de Rio de Janeiro. Se realizaron siete entrevistas y se analizaron por el método de análisis temático. Resultados: Las entrevistas mostraron que los clientes de cáncer tienen su patrón de sueño, la nutrición y las eliminaciones cambiaron durante la hospitalización. También subrayó la esperanza de una cura, la creencia y el apoyo de familia y amigos influyen en el proceso de hacer frente a la enfermedad. En las entrevistas se identificaron dos dimensiones de la enfermería: enfermería relacionados técnicas y procedimientos, y de enfermería relacionados con la comunicación terapéutica. Conclusión: Identificar las necesidades para el cuidado de enfermería se refiere a aquellos clientes observan completamente, ver más allá de la patología, una visión que tiene que ser creencias, valores, habilidades de afrontamiento, y un fuerte apoyo de familiares y amigos.

Medical oncology future plan of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology: challenges and future needs of the Spanish oncologists.

PURPOSE: The SEOM Future Plan is aimed at identifying the main challenges, trends and needs of the medical oncology speciality over the next years, including potential oncologist workforce shortages, and proposing recommendations to overcome them. METHODS: The estimations of the required medical oncologists workforce are based on an updated Medical Oncologist Register in Spain, Medical Oncology Departments activity data, dedication times and projected cancer incidence. Challenges, needs and future recommendations were drawn from an opinion survey and an advisory board. RESULTS: A shortage of 211 FTE medical oncologist specialists has been established. To maintain an optimal ratio of 158 new cases/FTE, medical oncology workforce should reach 1881 FTE by 2035. CONCLUSIONS: Main recommendations to face the growing demand and complexity of oncology services include a yearly growth of 2.5% of medical oncologist's workforce until 2035, and development and application of more accurate quality indicators for cancer care and health outcomes measure.

Impact of a mobile health aplication in the nursing care plan compliance of a home care service in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess impact of a mobile health solution in the nursing care plan compliance of a home care service. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed with 3,036 patients. Compliance rates before and after the implementation were compared. RESULTS: After the implementation of a mobile health aplication, compliance with the nursing care plan increased from 53% to 94%. The system reduced IT spending, increased the nursing team efficiency and prevented planned hiring. CONCLUSION: The use of a mobile health solution with geolocating feature by a nursing home care team increased compliance to the care plan.

Use and influence of Delivery and Birth Plans in the humanizing delivery process.

OBJECTIVES: get to know, analyze and describe the current situation of the Delivery and Birth Plans in our context, comparing the delivery and birth process between women who presented a Delivery and Birth Plan and those who did not. METHOD: quantitative and cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and comparative cohort study, carried out over two years. All women who gave birth during the study period were selected, including 9303 women in the study. RESULTS: 132 Delivery and Birth Plans were presented during the first year of study and 108 during the second. Among the variables analyzed, a significant difference was found in "skin to skin contact", "choice of dilation and delivery posture", "use of enema", "intake of foods or fluids", "eutocic deliveries", "late clamping of the umbilical cord" and "perineal shaving". CONCLUSIONS: the Delivery and Birth Plans positively influence the delivery process and its outcome. Health policies are needed to increase the number of Delivery and Birth Plans in our hospitals.

Use and influence of Delivery and Birth Plans in the humanizing delivery process / Uso e influência dos Planos de Parto e Nascimento no processo de parto humanizado / Uso e influencia de los Planes de Parto y Nacimiento en el proceso de parto humanizado

get to know, analyze and describe the current situation of the Delivery and Birth Plans in our context, comparing the delivery and birth process between women who presented a Delivery and Birth Plan and those who did not.

conhecer, analisar e descrever a situação atual dos Planos de Parto e Nascimento no contexto estudado, comparando o processo de parto e sua finalização entre as mulheres que apresentaram e as que não apresentaram um Plano de Parto e Nascimento.

conocer, analizar y describir la situación actual de los Planes de Parto y Nacimiento en nuestro entorno, comparando el proceso de parto y la finalización del mismo entre las mujeres que han presentado un Plan de Parto y Nacimiento y las que no lo han hecho.

Hand allotransplantation: operating room set-up and team coordination.

Vascularized composite allotransplantion requires careful planning and precise execution. The Director of the Hand Transplant Program must coordinate many personnel including nurses, anesthesiologists, transplant coordinators, surgeons, support staff, and hospital administrators. The operation is performed only after surgical rehearsal has reinforced the specialized role of each of these team members and the workflow of equipment and personnel has been optimized.

Influence of professional experience on detection and treatment decision of occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of examiner's clinical experience on detection and treatment decision of caries lesions in primary molars. DESIGN: Three experienced dentists (Group A) and three undergraduate students (Group B) used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and bitewing radiographs (BW) to perform examinations twice in 77 primary molars that presented a sound or carious occlusal surface. For the treatment decision (TD), the examiners attributed scores, analyzing the teeth in conjunction with the radiographs. The presence and the depth of lesion were validated histologically, and reproducibility was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve values were calculated for ICDAS and BW. The associations between ICDAS, BW, and TD were analyzed by means of contingency tables. RESULTS: Interexaminer agreement for ICDAS, BW, and TD were excellent for Group B and moderate for Group A. The two groups presented similar and satisfactory performance for caries lesion detection using ICDAS and BW. In the treatment decision, Group A was shown to have a less invasive approach than Group B. CONCLUSION: The examiner's experience was not determinant for the clinical and radiographic detection of occlusal lesions in primary teeth but influenced the treatment decision of initial lesions.

Implementation and assessment of a fast-track programme to improve communication between primary and specialized care in patients with suspected cancer: how to shorten time between initial symptoms of cancer, diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

PURPOSE: This study aims to asses a cancer fast-track programme (CFP) to shorten the time since a patient with suspicion of cancer is referred by the primary care (PC) physician to the specialized medical team. METHODS: Guidelines for main suspected tumours were designed to help PC physicians to detect and rapidly refer cases to the CFP oncology coordinator, who sent them to the appropriate department to accelerate diagnosis, staging and therapy. All patients analysed in this report were referred from June 2009 to July 2012. RESULTS: A total of 897 suspected cancer cases were submitted and finally 705 were studied. In 205 (29 %) a cancer diagnosis was confirmed within 23 days (median). Therapy was initiated within 46 days after referral (median). Early diagnoses with a potential curative approach were made in 166 (82 %). CONCLUSIONS: This CFP decreased the waiting time for cancer diagnosis, by improving communication between PC physician and specialized care teams. Most patients included in this program could get therapy with curative intent.

Retratamento ortodôntico de um caso com dentição mutilada e periodontalmente comprometida / Orthodontic re-treatment of a case with multilated and periodontally compromised dentition

Introdução / Atualmente, na Odontologia, vem ocorrendo um aumento no número de pacientes adultos, com dentição mutilada ou periodontalmente comprometida, que estão à procura de tratamento ortodôntico. Uma adequada combinação entre o tratamento periodontal e o ortodôntico permite que uma dentição saudável e com função adequada seja restabelecida. / Objetivo / Apresentar o tratamento, combinando o retratamento ortodôntico e o tratamento periodontal, de uma paciente de 27 anos de idade, com: incisivos superiores e inferiores vestibularizados; ausência do primeiro e do terceiro molares superiores esquerdos, primeiro e terceiro molares inferiores direitos, e primeiro molar inferior esquerdo; presença de mobilidade dentária grau III nos incisivos centrais inferiores, em decorrência de doença periodontal; e perda óssea horizontal moderada e generalizada. / Resultados / A saúde periodontal foi restabelecida por meio de raspagem e alisamento radicular, realizados antes do tratamento ortodôntico. O tratamento ortodôntico ativo com sistema MBT foi finalizado em um período de 18 meses. / Conclusão / Com esse estudo, demonstramos que a combinação do tratamento ortodôntico e do tratamento periodontal, por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, pode melhorar a função mastigatória do paciente, assim como sua estética, oclusão e a condição periodontal.

Accuracy of linear measurements in cone beam computed tomography with different voxel sizes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements on dry mandible specimens using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired with different voxel sizes. METHODOLOGY: Eight human dry mandibles were submitted to CBCT examination, using the i-CAT (Imaging Sciences, Inc. Hatfield, PA) device and four protocols with different voxel sizes. Tomographic slices with a more central view of the markers, placed on six sites on each mandible, were selected to perform measurements. Values obtained from direct measurements on the dry mandible after sectioning them on the preestablished sites were compared with measurements from the tomographic images and the measurement error. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the measurement error of the protocols (P = 0.606). The mean value of the difference between the values obtained in the images and the dry mandible was smaller than 1 mm for all the protocols. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of vertical and horizontal measurements, using CBCT (i-CAT) for the four protocols, was shown to be comparable with the measurements performed on the dry mandible.

Strategies to develop the nursing process and nursing care plans in the health system in Bolivia.

BACKGROUND: Care plans provide guidelines to offer all patients the same quality assistance. Care plans constitute a base where every stage of the nursing process can be recorded, which will save time when handling documentation. Bolivian nurses are very keen to participate in this global trend in order to grasp the opportunity offered by the international cooperation programmes carried out between Spain and South America. AIMS: To identify obstacles and enablers encountered when implementing the nursing process and to set clear strategies and actions so as to develop the nursing process and care plans in Santa Cruz department (Bolivia) both in hospitals and universities. METHODS: The participatory action research was conducted between the Autonomous University of Gabriel René Moreno (Bolivia) and the University of Almería (Spain). The procedure for data collection included meetings with key informants, interviews, observation and workshops. Data were analysed using the constant comparison and categorized by common themes. RESULTS: Lack of time and instruments, shortage of resources and the need for continuous training came up as obstacles, whereas enablers were the nurses' involvement, the university-hospital coordination and the support given by institutions. Actions taken were the creation of a care plan unit, the implementation of a training programme, design of instruments and meetings held with authorities and institutional representatives. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting action research schemes within international cooperation programmes signifies an excellent opportunity for the nursing system in less-developed countries to be included in international plans with the aim of standardizing the nursing practice.