ABSTRACT
O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)
The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)
Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Societies , Burnout, Professional , Self Efficacy , Emotional Intelligence , Burnout, Psychological , Psychotherapists , Organizational Innovation , Anxiety , Pathologic Processes , Patient Participation , Permissiveness , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Personnel Turnover , Poverty , Professional Practice , Psychology , Psychology, Clinical , Quality of Life , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Signs and Symptoms , Achievement , Social Behavior , Social Class , Psychological Distance , Social Justice , Social Mobility , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Unemployment , Women, Working , Behavior , Health Services Administration , Adaptation, Psychological , Cardiovascular Diseases , Organizational Culture , Attitude , Indicators of Quality of Life , Mental Health , Family Health , Liability, Legal , Occupational Health , Mental Competency , Practice Guideline , Health Personnel , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Time Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Comprehensive Health Care , Conflict, Psychological , Community Participation , Counseling , Health Management , Creativity , Credentialing , Defense Mechanisms , Depersonalization , Depression , Efficiency , Emotions , Empathy , Employee Grievances , Employee Incentive Plans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Workforce , Job Market , Ethics, Institutional , Mental Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Pleasure , Capacity Building , Social Networking , Hope , Karoshi Death , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Occupational Stress , Frustration , Economic Status , Sadness , Emotional Regulation , Psychological Distress , Social Factors , Caregiver Burden , Financial Stress , Induced Demand , Community Support , Sociodemographic Factors , Psychological Well-Being , Collective Efficacy , Working Conditions , Group Dynamics , Overtraining Syndrome , Workforce Diversity , Psychological Growth , Coping Skills , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Income , Intelligence , Job Satisfaction , Labor Unions , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health ServicesABSTRACT
Conjugative plasmids play a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across bacterial pathogens. AMR plasmids are widespread in clinical settings, but their distribution is not random, and certain associations between plasmids and bacterial clones are particularly successful. For example, the globally spread carbapenem resistance plasmid pOXA-48 can use a wide range of enterobacterial species as hosts, but it is usually associated with a small number of specific Klebsiella pneumoniae clones. These successful associations represent an important threat for hospitalized patients. However, knowledge remains limited about the factors determining AMR plasmid distribution in clinically relevant bacteria. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to analyze pOXA-48-associated AMR levels and conjugation dynamics in a collection of wild-type enterobacterial strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Our results revealed significant variability in these traits across different bacterial hosts, with Klebsiella spp. strains showing higher pOXA-48-mediated AMR and conjugation frequencies than Escherichia coli strains. Using experimentally determined parameters, we developed a simple mathematical model to interrogate the contribution of AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness to plasmid distribution in bacterial communities. The simulations revealed that a small subset of clones, combining high AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness, play a critical role in stabilizing the plasmid in different polyclonal microbial communities. These results help to explain the preferential association of plasmid pOXA-48 with K. pneumoniae clones in clinical settings. More generally, our study reveals that species- and strain-specific variability in plasmid-associated phenotypes shape AMR evolution in clinically relevant bacterial communities.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Permissiveness , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Plasmids/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Klebsiella/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Bacteria/geneticsABSTRACT
Background: Both trait and state mindfulness are associated with less depression and anxiety, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Distress tolerance, an important transdiagnostic factor of emotional disorders, may mediate the relationship between mindfulness and depression/anxiety. Method: Study 1 examined the mediation model at the between-person level in a large cross-sectional sample (n = 905). In Study 2, a daily diary study (n = 110) was conducted to examine within-person changes. Participants were invited to complete daily diaries measuring daily mindfulness, distress tolerance, depression and anxiety for 14 consecutive days. Results: In Study 1, results of simple mediation analyses indicated that distress tolerance mediated the relationship between mindfulness and depression/anxiety at the between-person level. In Study 2, results of multilevel mediation analyses indicated that, in both the concurrent model and time-lagged model, daily distress tolerance mediated the effects of daily mindfulness on daily depression/anxiety at both the within- and between-person level. Conclusions: Distress tolerance is a mechanism underlying the relationship between mindfulness and depression/anxiety. Individuals with high or fluctuating depression and anxiety may benefit from short-term or long-term mindfulness training to increase distress tolerance. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Mindfulness , Depression , Anxiety , Emotions , Cross-Sectional Studies , PermissivenessABSTRACT
MOTIVATION: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor a dense and diverse microbial community. They constantly receive antimicrobial residues and resistant strains, and therefore provide conditions for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. This facilitates the transmission of clinically important genes between, e.g. enteric and environmental bacteria, and vice versa. Despite the clinical importance, tools for predicting HGT remain underdeveloped. RESULTS: In this study, we examined to which extent water cycle microbial community composition, as inferred by partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, can predict plasmid permissiveness, i.e. the ability of cells to receive a plasmid through conjugation, based on data from standardized filter mating assays using fluorescent bio-reporter plasmids. We leveraged a range of machine learning models for predicting the permissiveness for each taxon in the community, representing the range of hosts a plasmid is able to transfer to, for three broad host-range resistance IncP plasmids (pKJK5, pB10, and RP4). Our results indicate that the predicted permissiveness from the best performing model (random forest) showed a moderate-to-strong average correlation of 0.49 for pB10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-0.55], 0.43 for pKJK5 (0.95% CI: 0.41-0.49), and 0.53 for RP4 (0.95% CI: 0.48-0.57) with the experimental permissiveness in the unseen test dataset. Predictive phylogenetic signals occurred despite the broad host-range nature of these plasmids. Our results provide a framework that contributes to the assessment of the risk of AMR pollution in wastewater systems. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The predictive tool is available as an application at https://github.com/DaneshMoradigaravand/PlasmidPerm.
Subject(s)
Microbiota , Wastewater , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Phylogeny , Permissiveness , Plasmids/genetics , Gene Transfer, HorizontalABSTRACT
A multinucleate syncytium is a common growth form in filamentous fungi. Comprehensive functions of the syncytial state remain unknown, but it likely allows for a wide range of adaptations to enable filamentous fungi to coordinate growth, reproduction, responses to the environment, and to distribute nuclear and cytoplasmic elements across a colony. Indeed, the underlying mechanistic details of how syncytia regulate cellular and molecular processes spatiotemporally across a colony are largely unexplored. Here, we implemented a strategy to analyze the relative fitness of different nuclear populations in syncytia of Neurospora crassa, including nuclei with loss-of-function mutations in essential genes, based on production of multinucleate asexual spores using flow cytometry of pairings between strains with differentially fluorescently tagged nuclear histones. The distribution of homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores in pairings was assessed between different auxotrophic and morphological mutants, as well as with strains that were defective in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible. Mutant nuclei were compartmentalized into both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores, a type of bet hedging for maintenance and evolution of mutational events, despite disadvantages to the syncytium. However, in pairings between strains that were blocked in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible, we observed a "winner-takes-all" phenotype, where asexual spores originating from paired strains were predominantly one genotype. These data indicate that syncytial fungal cells are permissive and tolerate a wide array of nuclear functionality, but that cells/colonies that are unable to cooperate via syncytia formation actively compete for resources.
Subject(s)
Neurospora crassa , Neurospora , Neurospora crassa/genetics , Neurospora crassa/metabolism , Genes, Fungal , Permissiveness , Phenotype , Giant Cells/metabolism , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Neurospora/geneticsABSTRACT
Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the major receptor enabling host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with Spike. The murine ACE2 does not interact efficiently with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and therefore the laboratory mouse strains are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we generated new hACE2 transgenic mice, which harbor the hACE2 gene under the human keratin 18 promoter, in "HHD-DR1" background. HHD-DR1 mice are fully devoid of murine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of class-I and -II and express only MHC molecules from Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) HLA 02.01, DRA01.01, DRB1.01.01 alleles, widely expressed in human populations. We selected three transgenic strains, with various hACE2 mRNA expression levels and distinctive profiles of lung and/or brain permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 replication. These new hACE2 transgenic strains display high permissiveness to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants, while the previously available B6.K18-ACE22Prlmn/JAX mice have been reported to be poorly susceptible to infection with Omicron. As a first application, one of these MHC- and ACE2-humanized strains was successfully used to show the efficacy of a lentiviral-based COVID-19 vaccine.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , COVID-19 , Animals , Mice , Humans , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19 Vaccines , Permissiveness , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Mice, TransgenicABSTRACT
A disrupted "dysbiotic" gut microbiome engenders susceptibility to the diarrheal pathogen Clostridioides difficile by impacting the metabolic milieu of the gut. Diet, in particular the microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) found in dietary fiber, is one of the most powerful ways to affect the composition and metabolic output of the gut microbiome. As such, diet is a powerful tool for understanding the biology of C. difficile and for developing alternative approaches for coping with this pathogen. One prominent class of metabolites produced by the gut microbiome is short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major metabolic end products of MAC metabolism. SCFAs are known to decrease the fitness of C. difficile in vitro, and high intestinal SCFA concentrations are associated with reduced fitness of C. difficile in animal models of C. difficile infection (CDI). Here, we use controlled dietary conditions (8 diets that differ only by MAC composition) to show that C. difficile fitness is most consistently impacted by butyrate, rather than the other two prominent SCFAs (acetate and propionate), during murine model CDI. We similarly show that butyrate concentrations are lower in fecal samples from humans with CDI than in those from healthy controls. Finally, we demonstrate that butyrate impacts growth in diverse C. difficile isolates. These findings provide a foundation for future work which will dissect how butyrate directly impacts C. difficile fitness and will lead to the development of diverse approaches distinct from antibiotics or fecal transplant, such as dietary interventions, for mitigating CDI in at-risk human populations. IMPORTANCE Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in humans, and it imposes a tremendous burden on the health care system. Current treatments for C. difficile infection (CDI) include antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplant, which contribute to recurrent CDIs and face major regulatory hurdles, respectively. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new ways to cope with CDI. Notably, a disrupted "dysbiotic" gut microbiota is the primary risk factor for CDI, but we incompletely understand how a healthy microbiota resists CDI. Here, we show that a specific molecule produced by the gut microbiota, butyrate, is negatively associated with C. difficile burdens in humans and in a mouse model of CDI and that butyrate impedes the growth of diverse C. difficile strains in pure culture. These findings help to build a foundation for designing alternative, possibly diet-based, strategies for mitigating CDI in humans.
Subject(s)
Clostridioides difficile , Clostridium Infections , Humans , Animals , Mice , Butyrates , Permissiveness , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, VolatileABSTRACT
A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52-60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
Subject(s)
Arbovirus Infections , Culex , Culicidae , Animals , Permissiveness , Cell LineABSTRACT
Abstract Parenting styles and parental self-efficacy are major factors that affect the overall adjustment of children. The current study examined parenting styles and maternal self-efficacy and their association with social-emotional adjustment among Arab preschool children living in Israel. Parenting Styles Questionnaire , Maternal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire , and Adjustment Questionnaire were administered to 420 Arabic-speaking mothers of 3- to 4-year-old children. After employing multiple regression analyses, the results indicated that parenting styles and the overall adjustment of children were significantly correlated. More precisely, a significant association between authoritative parenting style and higher levels of social-emotional adjustment among preschool children was found. Furthermore, maternal self-efficacy was significantly correlated to the overall adjustment of children. In this regard, higher maternal self-efficacy is associated with increased social-emotional adjustment among preschool children. The findings of our study show the applicability of these constructs found relevant across numerous cultures in a unique sample of Arab children living in Israel. Lastly, this study supports intervention programs that promote authoritative parenting style and parental self-efficacy in Arab communities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Parent-Child Relations , Permissiveness , Authoritarianism , Social Adjustment , Self Efficacy , Child Rearing/psychology , Cultural Diversity , Arabs , Emotional Adjustment , Israel , Mothers/psychologyABSTRACT
Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar traços da mentalidade potencialmente autoritária a partir do discurso de usuários do Facebook vinculados a páginas de cunho político autodeclarado de direita e de esquerda no Brasil. A Netnografia é utilizada como aporte metodológico para imersão on-line nas páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" e "Jovens de Esquerda", selecionadas por meio do Facebook Audience Insights, ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Facebook. Delas, foram extraídas oito postagens com maior engajamento (número de comentários, curtidas e compartilhamentos), identificadas pelo Netvizz. Foram coletados 3.489 comentários, os quais foram organizados em um corpus textual submetido ao software IRAMUTEQ e analisados sob a perspectiva da análise crítica imanente da teoria crítica. Como resultado, apresenta-se a forma como o pensamento autoritário se manifesta na racionalização da sociedade contemporânea e nas práticas discursivas em redes sociais on-line, enraizada no âmbito sociopolítico brasileiro, ameaçando o processo democrático e a construção de uma sociedade plural e liberta.(AU)
This study aims to analyze traits of the potentially authoritarian mentality from the speech of Facebook users linked to political pages self-declared as rightist and leftist in Brazil. Netnography is used as a methodological contribution for online immersion in the pages "Eu era Direita e não sabia" and "Jovens de Esquerda" selected via Facebook Audience Insights, a tool provided by Facebook. From these, eight posts with greater engagement (number of comments, likes and shares), identified by Netvizz, were extracted. We collected 3,489 comments, which were organized in a textual corpus submitted to IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the perspective of immanent critical analysis of Critical Theory. As a result, we present the way in which authoritarian thinking manifests itself in the rationalization of contemporary society and in discursive practices in online social networks, rooted in the Brazilian socio-political sphere, threatening the democratic process and the construction of a plural and free society.(AU)
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las huellas de la mentalidad potencialmente autoritaria a partir de los discursos de usuarios en Facebook vinculados a páginas políticas autodeclaradas de derecha y de izquierda en Brasil. La netnografía se utiliza como marco metodológico para la inmersión en línea en las páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" y "Jovens de Esquerda", seleccionadas por Facebook Audience Insights, herramienta proporcionada por Facebook. Se extrajeron las ocho publicaciones con mayor compromiso (número de comentarios, gustos y compartidas), identificadas por Netvizz. Se recogieron 3.489 comentarios, los cuales fueron organizados en un corpus textual sometido al software IRAMUTEQ y analizado bajo la perspectiva del análisis crítico inmanente de la teoría crítica. Los resultados presentan la forma en que el pensamiento autoritario se manifiesta en la racionalización de la sociedad contemporánea y en prácticas discursivas en redes sociales en línea, arraigada en el ámbito sociopolítico brasileño, que amenazan el proceso democrático y la construcción de una sociedad plural y liberada.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Politics , Authoritarianism , Social Networking , Permissiveness , Persuasive Communication , Policy Making , Prejudice , Psychology , Scapegoating , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Conformity , Social Desirability , Psychological Distance , Social Dominance , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Support , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stereotyping , Unemployment , Social Control Policies , Attitude , Character , Conflict of Interest , Congress , Civil Rights , Civilization , Computer Security , Competitive Behavior , Community Participation , Cultural Diversity , Feminism , Internet , Journalism , Modernization of the Public Sector , Crime , Cybernetics , Legislative , Democracy , Whistleblowing , Dehumanization , Dissent and Disputes , Aggression , Racial Groups , Economics , Research Policy Evaluation , Information Society Indicators , Ethics , Altruism , Social Media , Sexism , Social Discrimination , External Debt , Social Skills , Self-Control , Diplomacy , Defamation , Censorship, Research , Health Governance , Harassment, Non-Sexual , Incivility , Political Activism , Cultural Rights , Freedom , Sustainable Development , Cyberbullying , Egocentrism , Corruption , Civil Society , Empowerment , Social Evolution , Social Defeat , Social Representation , Disinformation , Intersectional Framework , Social Cohesion , Citizenship , Psychological Well-Being , Government , Hate , Human Rights , Interpersonal Relations , Lobbying , Deception , Mass Behavior , Mass Media , Anonyms and Pseudonyms , NegativismABSTRACT
No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)
In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)
A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Religion , Medicine, African Traditional , Evidence-Based Practice , Pastoral Care , Permissiveness , Prejudice , Psychology , Rationalization , Religion and Medicine , Self Care , Social Adjustment , Social Class , Social Identification , Social Values , Societies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spiritualism , Stereotyping , Taboo , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Black or African American , Complementary Therapies , Ethnicity , Ceremonial Behavior , Homeopathic Philosophy , Lachnanthes tinctoria , Health-Disease Process , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Efficacy , Coercion , Comprehensive Health Care , Knowledge , Life , Culture , Africa , Mind-Body Therapies , Spiritual Therapies , Faith Healing , Spirituality , Dancing , Dehumanization , Vulnerable Populations , Biodiversity , Racial Groups , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Population Studies in Public Health , Ethnology , Emotional Intelligence , Horticultural Therapy , Social Stigma , Ageism , Racism , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Social Norms , Teas, Herbal , Folklore , Cultural Rights , Ethnocentrism , Freedom , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Empowerment , Social Inclusion , Freedom of Religion , Citizenship , Quilombola Communities , African-American Traditional Medicine , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , History , Human Rights , Individuality , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Magic , Mental Healing , Anthropology , Anthroposophy , Minority Groups , Morale , Music , Mysticism , Mythology , OccultismABSTRACT
Mast cells (MCs) are classically associated with allergic asthma but their role in antiviral immunity is unclear. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a major cause of asthma exacerbations and can infect and replicate within MCs. The primary site of HRV infection is the airway epithelium and MCs localise to this site with increasing asthma severity. The asthma susceptibility gene, IL-33, encodes an epithelial-derived cytokine released following HRV infection but its impact on MC antiviral responses has yet to be determined. In this study we investigated the global response of LAD2 MCs to IL-33 stimulation using RNA sequencing and identified genes involved in antiviral immunity. In spite of this, IL-33 treatment increased permissiveness of MCs to HRV16 infection which, from the RNA-Seq data, we attributed to upregulation of ICAM1. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed an IL-33-dependent increase in ICAM1 surface expression as well as LDLR, the receptors used by major and minor group HRVs for cellular entry. Neutralisation of ICAM1 reduced the IL-33-dependent enhancement in HRV16 replication and release in both LAD2 MCs and cord blood derived MCs. These findings demonstrate that although IL-33 induces an antiviral signature in MCs, it also upregulates the receptors for HRV entry to enhance infection. This highlights the potential for a gene-environment interaction involving IL33 and HRV in MCs to contribute to virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
Subject(s)
Asthma , Picornaviridae Infections , Humans , Rhinovirus/physiology , Interleukin-33/pharmacology , Mast Cells/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Permissiveness , Virus Replication , Epithelial CellsABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can integrate viral DNA into host cell chromosomes to establish a long-term stable latent reservoir, which is a major obstacle to cure HIV-1 infection. The characteristics of the HIV-1 latent reservoir have not been fully understood. Here, we identified 126 upregulated plasma membrane proteins in HIV-1 latently infected cells by a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The higher levels of CD98 expression in multiple HIV-1 latently infected cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells compared to uninfected cells were further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry analyses. In addition, CD98high CD4+ T cells displayed hyper-permissiveness to HIV-1 infection and possessed distinct immune phenotypic profiles associated with Th17 and peripheral follicular T helper (pTFH) characteristics. Notably, the CD98high resting memory CD4+ T cells harbored significantly higher cell-associated viral RNA and intact provirus than CD98low counterparts in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, CD98high CD4+ T cells exhibited a robust proliferative capacity and significantly contributed to the clonal expansion of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Our study demonstrates that CD98 can be used as a novel biomarker of HIV-1 latently infected cells to indicate the effect of various strategies to reduce the viral reservoir. IMPORTANCE Identification of cellular biomarkers is the crucial challenge to eradicate the HIV-1 latent reservoir. In our study, we identified CD98 as a novel plasma membrane biomarker for HIV-1 permissiveness and latent infection. Importantly, CD98high CD4+ T cells exhibited a hyper-permissiveness to HIV-1 infection and significantly contributed to the clonal expansion of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. CD98 could be targeted to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce the HIV-1 latent reservoir in further research.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , HIV-1 , Latent Infection , Humans , Biomarkers/analysis , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , HIV-1/genetics , Permissiveness , Virus Latency , Virus Replication , Fusion Regulatory Protein-1/analysisSubject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , Permissiveness , Lung , Inflammation , MacrophagesABSTRACT
Objective: Whether dietary carbohydrate (CHO) or fat is more involved in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) induction uncomplicated by dietary fiber was addressed in a spontaneous diabetic model, the diurnal Nile rat that mimics the human condition. Methods: A total of 138 male Nile rats were fed plant-based and animal-based saturated fat where 10% energy as CHO and fat were exchanged across 5 diets keeping protein constant, from 70:10:20 to 20:60:20 as CHO:fat:protein %energy. Diabetes induction was analyzed by: 1. diet composition, i.e., CHO:fat ratio, to study the impact of diet; 2. quintiles of average caloric intake per day to study the impact of calories; 3. quintiles of diabetes severity to study the epigenetic impact on diabetes resistance. Results: High glycemic load (GLoad) was most problematic if coupled with high caloric consumption. Diabetes severity highlighted rapid growth and caloric intake as likely epigenetic factors distorting glucose metabolism. The largest weanling rats ate more, grew faster, and developed more diabetes when the dietary GLoad exceeded their gene-based metabolic capacity for glucose disposal. Diabetes risk increased for susceptible rats when energy intake exceeded 26 kcal/day and the GLoad was >175/2000 kcal of diet and when the diet provided >57% energy as CHO. Most resistant rats ate <25 kcal/day independent of the CHO:fat diet ratio or the GLoad adjusted to body size. Conclusion: Beyond the CHO:fat ratio and GLoad, neither the type of fat nor the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio had a significant impact, suggesting genetic permissiveness affecting caloric and glucose intake and glucose disposition were key to modulating Nile rat diabetes. Fat became protective by limiting GLoad when it contributed >40% energy and displaced CHO to <50% energy, thereby decreasing the number of diabetic rats and diabetes severity.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Glycemic Load , Metabolic Syndrome , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Energy Intake , Glucose , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/genetics , Murinae/metabolism , PermissivenessABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of 3-week progressive overloading and 1-week tapering during a preseason on performance, internal training load, stress tolerance, and heart rate variability in under-19 Brazilian badminton players. Material and method: Eight male under-19 badminton players (age 16.1 ± 0.6 years; height 1.68 ± 7.7 m; body mass 57.2 ± 5.8 kg; body mass index 20.3 ± 2.5 kg∙m-2; body fat 8.0 ± 2.7 %), competing at the state level had physical and physiological monitored over four weeks during pre-season. Players underwent a badminton-specific movement agility test, 5-m multiple shuttle test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1, and performed vertical jumps before and after the pre-season. During the training, the heart rate variability and internal training load were monitored daily, and weekly were stress tolerance was recorded by psychometric responses. Results: The players showed significant improvements in all performance variables assessed after the training period. The internal training load during overloading was higher (1635 ± 109.9; 2490 ± 124; 2850 ± 210 AU) compared to tapering (1335 ± 100 AU). The stress tolerance decreased during overloading (4.0 ± 0.7; 8.2 ± 1.3; 10.1 ± 1.4) and increased during tapering (5.5 ± 1.5). In addition, higher internal training load during overloading resulted in a greater reduction in root-mean-square difference of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSDmean) (4.2 ± 0.2; 4.1 ± 0.1; 4.0 ± 0.1 ms) and a smaller coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDcv) (4.5 ± 2.6; 2.1 ± 1.2; 1.4 ± 0.9 %), and the significant reduction in the internal training load during tapering led to a decrease in lnRMSSDmean (1.3 ± 0.5 ms).(AU)
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la sobrecarga progresiva de 3 semanas y la reducción gradual de 1 semana durante una pretemporada sobre el rendimiento, la carga de entrenamiento interno, la tolerancia al estrés y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en jugadores de bádminton brasileños menores de 19 años. Material y método: Ocho jugadores masculinos de bádminton sub-19 (edad 16,1 ± 0,6 años; altura 1,68 ± 7,7 m; masa corporal 57,2 ± 5,8 kg; índice de masa corporal 20,3 ± 2,5 kg∙m-2; grasa corporal 8,0 ± 2,7 %), que competían a nivel estatal fueron monitoreados en sus aspectos físicos y fisiológicos durante cuatro semanas en la pretemporada. Los jugadores realizaron un test de agilidad específico de bádminton, el test 5-m multiple shuttle test, el test Yo-Yo y realizaron saltos verticales antes y después de la pretemporada. Durante el entrenamiento, se monitoreó diariamente la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la carga interna de entrenamiento. Además, semanalmente se registró la tolerancia al estrés mediante respuestas psicométricas. Resultados: Los jugadores mostraron mejoras significativas en todas las variables de rendimiento evaluadas después del período de entrenamiento. La carga de entrenamiento interna durante la sobrecarga fue más grande (1.635 ± 109,9; 2.490 ± 124; 2.850 ± 210 AU) en comparación con la última semana de cargas reducidas (1.335 ± 100 AU). La tolerancia al estrés disminuyó durante la sobrecarga (4,0 ± 0,7; 8,2 ± 1,3; 10,1 ± 1,4) y aumentó durante la última semana (5,5 ± 1,5). Además, las altas cargas del entrenamiento interno durante la sobrecarga resultaron en una gran reducción en la diferencia de la raíz cuadrada media de intervalos R-R sucesivos (lnRMSSDmean) (4,2 ± 0,2; 4,1 ± 0,1; 4,0 ± 0,1 ms) y un coeficiente de variación más pequeño (lnRMSSDcv) (4,5 ± 2,6; 2,1 ± 1,2; 1,4 ± 0,9 %), y la reducción significativa en la carga de entrenamiento interno durante la última semana(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Permissiveness , Stress, Psychological , Exercise , Heart Rate , Sports , Racquet Sports , Athletic Performance , Athletes , Sports Medicine , BrazilABSTRACT
Prions are infectious agents that replicate through the autocatalytic misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into infectious aggregates (PrPSc) causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, which are encoded by conformational variants of PrPSc. The transmissibility of prions depends on the PrPC sequence of the recipient host and on the incoming prion strain, so that some animal prion strains are more contagious than others or are transmissible to new species, including humans. Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS) is a prion disease of sheep and goats reported in several countries worldwide. At variance with classical scrapie (CS), AS is considered poorly contagious and is supposed to be spontaneous in origin. The zoonotic potential of AS, its strain variability and the relationships with the more contagious CS strains remain largely unknown. We characterized AS isolates from sheep and goats by transmission in ovinised transgenic mice (tg338) and in two genetic lines of bank voles, carrying either methionine (BvM) or isoleucine (BvI) at PrP residue 109. All AS isolates induced the same pathological phenotype in tg338 mice, thus proving that they encoded the same strain, irrespective of their geographical origin or source species. In bank voles, we found that the M109I polymorphism dictates the susceptibility to AS. BvI were susceptible and faithfully reproduced the AS strain, while the transmission in BvM was highly inefficient and was characterized by a conformational change towards a CS-like prion strain. Sub-passaging experiments revealed that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible animals. These findings add new clues for a better comprehension of strain selection dynamics in prion infections and have wider implications for understanding the origin of contagious prion strains, such as CS.
Subject(s)
Prions , Scrapie , Amino Acids , Animals , Arvicolinae/genetics , Arvicolinae/metabolism , Disease Susceptibility , Goats/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Permissiveness , Prion Proteins/genetics , Prions/metabolism , Scrapie/genetics , SheepABSTRACT
Public perceptions of the severity of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) incidents are an important factor that has been linked to key issues regarding this type of violence, such as acceptability or tolerance, personal sense of responsibility, attitudes toward intervention, and the publics, professionals, and victims responses to IPVAW. The aim of the present study was to provide further validity evidence for the perceived severity of IPVAW scale (PS-IPVAW), by assessing its measurement invariance between gender and age groups, and between men from the general population and male IPVAW offenders. Item response theory was also used to assess the discrimination of the items and their position on the measured latent trait continuum (i.e., perceived severity of IPVAW). To this end, the psychometric properties of the scale were examined in four different samples from the general population (N = 2,627) and in one clinical sample of male IPVAW offenders (N = 200). Our findings showed that the PS-IPVAW scale has excellent internal consistency (α = .89-.90) and a clear one-factor latent structure (CFI = .91-.96, RMSEA = .055-.086), and that partial strict invariance holds across different gender and age groups. We also found that IPVAW offenders perceptions of the severity of IPVAW may follow a different pattern to that of men from the general population. The PS-IPVAW scale is able to yield accurate assessments of the perceived severity of this type of violence among the general population and IPVAW offenders. (AU)
La percepción pública de la gravedad de los incidentes de violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (VMP) es un factor importante relacionado con aspectos clave de este tipo de violencia, como su aceptabilidad o tolerancia, el sentido de responsabilidad personal, las actitudes hacia la intervención y las respuestas a la VMP de la población general, los profesionales y las víctimas. El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar nuevas evidencias de validez de la escala PS-IPVAW [Perceived Severity of Intimate Partner Violence against Women], analizando su invarianza factorial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad y entre hombres de la población general y hombres agresores de pareja. También se utilizó la teoría de respuesta al ítem para evaluar la discriminación de los ítems y su posición en el continuo del rasgo latente evaluado (i.e., la gravedad percibida de la VMP). Se examinaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en cuatro muestras de la población general (N = 2,627) y en una muestra clínica de hombres agresores de pareja (N = 200). Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tuvo una excelente consistencia interna (α = .89-.90), una estructura latente unifactorial (CFI = .91-.96, RMSEA = .055-.086) y que se puede mantener el nivel de invarianza factorial estricta parcial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad. Se encontró también que los hombres agresores de pareja mostraban un patrón diferencial en la evaluación de la gravedad percibida de la VMP en comparación con hombres de la población general. La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento capaz de evaluar de forma precisa la gravedad percibida de la VMP en la población general y en hombres agresores de pareja. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Violence Against Women , Permissiveness , Liability, Legal , ViolenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the number of adolescents engaging in premarital sex has increased, and an increasing number of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases have been reported in China. Many studies have indicated that CSA has a well-established association with risky sexual activities. However, only a limited number of studies have explored possible reasons for this association among middle school students, a population that may engage in premarital sex, which is critical for the development of interventions to prevent risky sexual behavior. Based on random samples of middle school students from a Chinese city, this article investigated the relationship between CSA and students' premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Luzhou, China, 2292 middle school and high school students aged 12-18 years were recruited by multistage random sampling. All students were administered anonymous questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between CSA and PSP. RESULTS: The prevalence of CSA was 15.4% (354/2292; 95% CI: 14-16.9%). A higher percentage of male respondents (18.2%) than female respondents (12.9%) had experienced CSA. A positive association between CSA and PSP was found among students. Respondents who had suffered CSA exhibited greater PSP, and this relationship was observed in the male sample, female sample and the total student sample in Luzhou (ß = - 3.76, P < 0.05; ß = - 2.79, P < 0.05; and ß = - 2.84, P < 0.05, respectively). Respondents who had suffered CSA were also more likely to express a double standard about premarital sex (odds ratio [OR] =1.41, P < 0.05), especially among male students (odds ratio [OR] =1.63, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in CSA and the relationship between CSA and PSP were significant among this large sample of middle school students in Luzhou (China). The findings suggest that experiencing CSA may be closely related to youth attitudes toward premarital sex, especially among males. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the prevention of CSA and provide adolescent reproductive health programs to reduce the impact of CSA on sexual cognition and attitude, prevent premarital sex and promote positive attitudes toward sexual equality for middle school students.