Profile of pharmaceutical interventions of a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up model for diabetic patients in a community pharmacy

Abstract The insertion of Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Health Care (PHC) improves patients' clinical outcomes and quality of life. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up can contribute to the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, promoting better glycemic control and adherence to therapy. This study aimed to assess the Drug-therapy Problems (DTPs) and Pharmacist Interventions (PIs) on the pharmacotherapeutic management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a community pharmacy. A quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted in a Pharmaceutical Care Program within the PHC in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Inclusion criteria were patients with T2DM above 18, who attended at least three pharmaceutical consultations between July 2016 and October 2018 and presented two or more glycated hemoglobin tests. The study group (n = 17) was largely composed of women (65%), elderly (76%), sedentary (72%), and obese people (52%). The resolution was achieved in 79% of the DTPs identified (n = 115). Most of DTPs were related to administration and adherence to pharmacotherapy (46%). 60% of the 437 PIs involved the provision of information and counseling. In other words, accessible interventions lead to high resolvability. Therefore, clinical actuation of pharmacists could improve the prognosis in diabetes treatment

Quality of referrals to a rheumatology service before and after implementation of a triage system with telemedicine support.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of referrals for a first Rheumatology consultation at a tertiary care center in a southern Brazilian capital (Porto Alegre, RS), having as background findings from a similar survey performed in 2007/2008. Since then, our state has implemented referral protocols and a triage system with teleconsulting support exclusively for referrals from locations outside the capital, permitting a comparison between patients screened and not screened by the new system. METHODS: Physicians of the Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição prospectively collected information regarding first visits over a 6-month period (Oct 2017 to March 2018). We recorded demographic characteristics, diagnostic hypotheses, date of referral, and the municipality of origin (within the state of Rio Grande do Sul). We considered adequate referrals from primary health care when a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease (SIRD) was suspected at first evaluation by the attending rheumatologist. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-seven patients/appointments were eligible for analysis (193 from the capital and 164 from small and medium towns). In 2007/2008, suspected SIRD occurred in 76/260 (29.2%) and 73/222 (32.9%) among patients from the capital and outside counties, respectively (P = 0.387). In 2017/2018, suspected SIRD occurred in 75/193 (38.9%) and 111/164 (67.7%) in patients from the capital and outside counties, respectively (difference: 28.8, 95% CI: 19.0 to 38.9, P < 0.001), indicating a marked improvement in referrals submitted to the new triage system. CONCLUSION: The quality of Rheumatology referrals in our state improved over the 10-year interval under study, particularly among patients from locations submitted to referral protocols and teleconsulting support.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care activities at a Uruguayan mastology unit.

PURPOSE: Health emergency due to COVID-19 started in Uruguay on March 13, 2020; our mastology unit tried to ensure adequate oncological care, and protect patients from the virus infection and complications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the health care activities in the "peak" of the pandemic during 3 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we collected data from the electronic health record. RESULTS: There were a total of 293 medical appointments from 131 patients (221 face-to-face), that decreased by 16.7% compared to the same period in 2019 (352 appointments). The medical appointments were scheduled to evaluate the continuity of systemic treatment or modifications (95 patients; 72.5%), follow-up (17; 12.9%), first-time consultation (12; 9.1%), and assess paraclinical studies (7; 5.3%). The patients were on hormone therapy (81 patients; 74%), chemotherapy (CT) (21; 19%), and anti-HER2 therapies (9; 8%). New twenty treatments were initiated. Of the 14 patients that were on adjuvant/neoadjuvant CT, 9 (64.3%) continued with the same regimen with the addition of prophylactic granulocyte-colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF), and 5 (35.7%), who were receiving weekly paclitaxel, continued the treatment with no changes. Of the seven patients that were on palliative CT, 2 (28.5%) continued the treatment with the addition of G-CSF, 3 (42.8%) continued with weekly capecitabine or paclitaxel with no treatment changes, and 2 (28.5%) changed their treatment regimen (a less myelosuppressive regimen was selected for one and due to progression of the disease in the other patient). The ninety patients who were receiving adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or palliative criteria hormone therapy and/or anti-HER2 therapies, continued the treatment with no changes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that, although medical appointments decreased by approximately 17%, we could maintain healthcare activities, continued most of the treatments while the most modified was CT with G-CSF to avoid myelosuppression.

Enfermedad de Scheuermann lumbar / Lumbar Scheuermann's disease

La osteocondrosis lumbar juvenil o enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann comparte características con la enfermedad de Scheuermann clásica, pero se localiza en la columna dorsal baja y lumbar (D10-L4), y es menos frecuente. La forma lumbar atípica consiste en la aparición de hernias de Schmorl en uno o dos cuerpos vertebrales con estrechamiento del espacio interdiscal y cambios en los platillos vertebrales. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 18 años que fue recibido en el Cuerpo de Guardia a causa de un accidente de tránsito, y refirió dolor lumbar. Se le indicaron estudios de imagen donde no se identificaron lesiones secundarias al trauma. Sin embargo, se evidenció una vértebra en limbo a nivel de L1, así como irregularidad de los platillos vertebrales de los segmentos lumbares altos, correspondientes con nódulos de Schmorl. Todos estos hallazgos son compatibles con enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann. El paciente se mantuvo en observación sin que presentara complicaciones y se remitió a la Consulta de Reumatología(AU)

Juvenile lumbar osteochondrosis or Scheuermann's lumbar disease shares characteristics with classical Scheuermann's disease but it is located in the lower and lumbar spine (D10-L4) and is less frequent. The atypical lumbar form consists of the appearance of Schmorl hernias in one or two vertebral bodies with narrowing of the intradiscal space and changes in the vertebral plates. The case is presented of an 18-year-old teenager who was received in emergency service because of a traffic accident, referring to low back pain. Imaging studies were indicated where no injuries secondary to trauma were identified. However, there was evidence of a limb vertebra at the level of L1 as well as irregularity of the vertebral plates of the corresponding upper lumbar segments with Schmorl nodules. All these findings are consistent with lumbar Scheuermann's disease(AU)

Qualitative Study of the Processes of Transgender-Men Identity Development.

OBJECTIVE: Describe and analyze the mental health service and medical needs of a group of transgender men from the point when they changed their gender identity to male. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Transgender men volunteers who attended a specialized care center in Mexico City answered a qualitative semi-structured interview to explore their needs as well as the adversities they unnecessarily face due to the lack of information and care for their condition. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. RESULTS: Respondents began to develop their transgender identity in childhood; however, during that time, almost none of them had any helpful contact with a health professional. Those who did receive some form of care received mistreatment rather than positive feedback. It was not until adulthood that they obtained facts about a specialized care center. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for health professionals to have information about sexual diversity and be trained to meet the needs of transgender children, in order to have information on places and professionals who accompany them and advise on available treatments such as hormone blockers or treatments. The study includes a small but important sample. However, the currently hostile, discriminatory environment, significantly exposes transgender people to developing mental health problems.

Availability of Diagnostic Services and their Impact on Patient Flow in Two Brazilian Referral Centres of Breast Cancer Treatment.

BACKGROUND: System delay (SD) is a leading cause of advanced stage of disease and poor prognosis among Brazilian breast cancer patients. METHODS: Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify variables that contributed to SD among 128 breast cancer patients. Time intervals between first medical consultation and treatment initiation were compared among patients of two referral centres: Patients of a referral centre with outsourced (FAP), respectively, integrated (HNL) diagnostic services. RESULTS: Women who used a specialized private clinic at the beginning of patient flow had an 2.32 fold increased chance (95% CI: 1.17 - 4.60; p = 0.016) of hospital admission within 90 days after first medical consultation, compared to women who used a public health care provider (HCP). Of 73 and 34 patients of the FAP hospital and the HNL, respectively, 10 (13.7%) and 11 (32.5%) used one HCP prior to hospital admission (p = 0.000). The median time between first medical consultation and treatment initiation was 150 days. The median time between first medical consultation and hospital admission was 136.0 and 52.0 days for patients of the FAP hospital, respectively the HNL (p < 0.050). The median time between first medical consultation and diagnostic mammography was 36.5 and 23.0 days for patients from the FAP hospital and the HNL (p < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Usage of public diagnostic services was associated with increased SD, whereas the usage of private diagnostic services diminished it. The usage of a lower number of HCPs accelerated patient flow.

[The interplay between isolation and precariousness, and hospitalization duration in French Guiana]. / Calcul de l'IP-DMS en Guyane : prendre en compte le poids réel de la précarité et de l'isolement.

BACKGROUND: French Guiana faces singular health challenges: poverty, isolation, structural lag, difficulties in attracting health professionals. Hospital stays exceed the recommended durations. The present study aimed to model the impact of precariousness and geographic isolation on the hospital duration performance indicator and to recalculate the indicator after incrementing severity by 1 unit when patients were socially precarious. METHODS: Cayenne hospital data for 2017 were used to model the hospital duration performance indicator (IP-DMS) using quantile regression to study the impact of geographic and social explanatory variables. This indicator was computed hypothesizing a 1 unit increment of severity for precarious patients and by excluding patients from isolated regions. RESULTS: Most excess hospitalization days were linked to precariousness: the sojourns of precarious patients represented 47% of activity but generated 71% of excess days in hospital. Quantile regression models showed that after adjustment for potential confounders, patients from western French Guiana and Eastern French Guiana, precarious patients and the interactions terms between residence location and precariousness were significantly associated with IP-DMS increases. Recalculating the IP-DMSafter exclusion of patients from the interior and after increasing severity by 1 notch if the patient was precarious led to IP-DMS levels close to 1. CONCLUSION: The results show the nonlinear relationship between the IP-DMS and geographical isolation, poverty, and their interaction. These contextual variables must be taken into account when choosing the target IP-DMS value for French Guiana, which conditions funding and number of hospital beds allowed in a context of rapid demographic growth.

Enabling Community Health Worker Recognition and Referral of Surgical Diseases: Pilot Study Results of a Pictorial Guide.

BACKGROUND: Access to surgical care is a pressing challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations. Informal and formal community health workers (CHWs), including lay people, increasingly function in pivotal roles in primary care, however, remain disconnected from surgical care in most environments. This study examined the degree to which CHW understanding of surgical conditions could be improved through the use of a pictorially based manual. METHODS: A manual and associated situational problem-solving questionnaire instrument were developed and contextualized through focus groups in Central America. A baseline assessment was obtained. In the program implementation, cohorts of formal and informal CHWs were introduced and trained to use the manual through a short curriculum. Assessment was repeated in program implementation, first with access to relevant manual content only, and then after the teaching session. Participants were also surveyed about manual scheme, usability, and utility. RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects (67% female) participated in baseline assessment, and 403 subjects (68% female) were assessed through the program implementation. Baseline problem-solving averaged 11.8 (SD 2.46) out of a possible 20 points. Mean score increased to 15.4 (SD 3.10) when participants had access to relevant surgical manual content and again to 15.9 (SD 3.09, p < 0.0001) following participation with an instructive curriculum. Participant score while utilizing the manual correlated with amount of education completed (r = 0.26), but baseline score did not. High readability 389 (96%) and high self-reported willingness for use 398 (96%) were noted. CONCLUSION: Baseline familiarity with surgically treatable conditions appears modest among rural Central American populations, and improves with access to a contextualized, pictorial manual focused on recognizing and appropriately referring surgical conditions.

Counter-referral in Emergency Care Units: discourse of the collective speech.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the facilities and difficulties of the counter-referral of an Emergency Care Unit in Santa Catarina State. METHOD: Descriptive, qualitative study, with the participation of three nurses and 17 physicians. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. For the theoretical basis, the Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências (National Policy of Emergency Care) and the Rede de Atenção às Urgências (Network of Care to the Emergencies) was used. RESULTS: The facilities of the counter-referral correspond to the strategies of communication with the Primary Care: embracement; good interpersonal relationships; and electronic medical record network. The difficulties are related to the deficiencies of Primary Care and specialized services, such as the insufficient number of physicians and the delay in scheduling consultations and more complex exams. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The difficulties highlighted indicate significant challenges of the local health system in the search for integration between emergency care points.

Patients participation in pharmaceutical care consultations in Brazil.

Background The effectiveness of pharmaceutical care has already been evidenced in several studies and scenarios; the lack of patient's consultation has been little explored in the literature. Unprovided care is a missed opportunity to offer care to another individual who needs attention to their health. The need for investigation of missed consultations in a Brazilian pharmaceutical care service arises. Objective To evaluate the participation and characteristics of patients in pharmaceutical care consultations in a university outpatient unit in the Brazilian city of Divinópolis. Methods A descriptive study was carried out from a secondary source of information. The socio-demographic profile of the patients who were absent from the pharmacy consultations from January to December 2017 was outlined. Results Of the 832 scheduled appointments from January to December 2017, 501 were not attended by patients, revealing 60.2% missed consultations. The female gender was predominant, corresponding to 67.8% of the patients. A total of 63.8% of the absentees were over 60 years of age. Most of the patients had two comorbidities (32.5%) and came from an active identification by the Outpatient unit pharmacists (86.60%). Furthermore, the patients who were more absent from the consultations had their primary health care units farther away from the outpatient unit, and this could be one of the causes of the high number of absent patients from the pharmaceutical consultations. Conclusion The lack of participation in patient's consultations is high. It is necessary to articulate new strategies aimed at reducing absences from consultations, since this is a source of waste of financial resources and opportunities to improve the patients' health and quality of life.

Counter-referral in Emergency Care Units: discourse of the collective speech / Contrarreferencia en Unidades de Atención de Urgencias: discurso del sujeto colectivo / Contrarreferência em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento: discurso do sujeito coletivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the facilities and difficulties of the counter-referral of an Emergency Care Unit in Santa Catarina State. Method: Descriptive, qualitative study, with the participation of three nurses and 17 physicians. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. For the theoretical basis, the Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências (National Policy of Emergency Care) and the Rede de Atenção às Urgências (Network of Care to the Emergencies) was used. Results: The facilities of the counter-referral correspond to the strategies of communication with the Primary Care: embracement; good interpersonal relationships; and electronic medical record network. The difficulties are related to the deficiencies of Primary Care and specialized services, such as the insufficient number of physicians and the delay in scheduling consultations and more complex exams. Final considerations: The difficulties highlighted indicate significant challenges of the local health system in the search for integration between emergency care points.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las facilidades y dificultades de la contrarreferencia de una Unidad de Atención de Urgencias del estado de Santa Catarina. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, con la participación de tres enfermeros y 17 médicos. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y analizados con la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Para el basamento teórico, se utilizó la Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências (Política Nacional de Atención a las Urgencias) y la Rede de Atenção às Urgências (Red de Atención a las Urgencias). Resultados: Las facilidades de la contrarreferencia corresponden a las estrategias de comunicación con la Atención Básica: acogida; buenas relaciones interpersonales; y el pronombre electrónico en red. Las dificultades están relacionadas con las deficiencias de la Atención Básica y de los servicios especializados, como el cuantitativo insuficiente de médicos y la demora en la programación de consultas y de exámenes más complejos. Consideraciones finales: Las dificultades evidenciadas indican expresivos desafíos del sistema de salud local en la búsqueda de la integración entre los puntos de atención a las urgencias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as facilidades e dificuldades da contrarreferência de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento do estado de Santa Catarina. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, com a participação de três enfermeiros e 17 médicos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Para o embasamento teórico, se utilizou a Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências e a Rede de Atenção às Urgências. Resultados: As facilidades da contrarreferência correspondem às estratégias de comunicação com a Atenção Básica: acolhimento; boas relações interpessoais; e prontuário eletrônico em rede. As dificuldades estão relacionadas às deficiências da Atenção Básica e dos serviços especializados, como o quantitativo insuficiente de médicos e a demora no agendamento de consultas e de exames mais complexos. Considerações finais: As dificuldades evidenciadas indicam expressivos desafios do sistema de saúde local na busca da integração entre os pontos de atenção às urgências.

The Effect of a Geriatric Oncology Clinic on Treatment Decisions in Mexican Older Adults With Cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Geriatric assessment and interventions improve the care of older adults with cancer, but their effect on treatment decision making in resource-limited settings is unknown. We studied the effect of recommendations made by a consultative geriatric oncology clinic on treatment decision making by oncologists in Mexico. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective chart review of 173 consecutive patients with solid tumors referred before treatment initiation to the geriatric oncology clinic at a third-level public hospital in Mexico City between March 2015 and October 2017. Patients were evaluated by a multidisciplinary geriatric oncology clinic, and treatment recommendations were issued to treating oncologists. MEASUREMENTS: We determined the overall proportion of agreement between geriatric oncology recommendations and oncologists' treatment decisions. We assessed whether agreement increased when geriatric oncology recommendations were acknowledged in the treating oncologist's clinic note. The homogeneity of agreement was tested using the Stuart-Maxwell test. RESULTS: Median age was 79 years (range = 64-97 years). "Standard treatment" was recommended in 48% of cases, followed by "less intensive treatment" in 32%, and "best supportive care" in 20%. The overall proportion of agreement for the entire population was 80% (κ = 0.69), although agreement was heterogeneous (X2 = 8.16, P = .02). Geriatric oncology recommendations were acknowledged in the treating oncologists' notes in 62% of cases. Overall agreement was higher when the evaluation was acknowledged (83%, κ = 0.74) than when it was not acknowledged (74%, κ = 0.60). Agreement was homogeneous only when recommendations were acknowledged in the oncologist's note (X2 = 3.0, P = .22). CONCLUSIONS: The overall proportion of agreement between geriatric oncology recommendations and final treatment decisions was high, particularly when recommendations were acknowledged in the treating oncologists' note. Including geriatric oncology evaluations in everyday clinical practice and fostering interdisciplinary communication between geriatric oncology and treating oncologists may provide valuable guidance for physicians caring for older patients with cancer in resource-limited settings. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:992-997, 2019.

Nursing consultation for people with diabetes mellitus: experience with an active methodology.

OBJECTIVE: to describe our experience with a methodology for teaching nursing consultation in support of people with diabetes mellitus at a Family Health Unit. METHOD: experience report with four moments-submission of the proposal to the team; theorizing; nursing care for people with diabetes mellitus at home and at the health unit, and evaluation of learning. RESULTS: the pedagogical process favored the integration between service and users, contributed to implement and apply the nursing process and strengthened professional training, based on the epidemiological profile of chronic diseases and its implications for nursing in primary care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the active methodology discussed here allowed for a resignification of knowledge and a qualification of nursing care, demonstrating to be an important instrument for integrating clinical practice and epidemiology in accordance to experienced reality.

Care coordination in Health Care for the child/adolescent in chronic condition.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the care coordination for the child and adolescent in chronic condition and users planning in the Health Care Network. METHOD: Qualitative study, conducted with 26 health professionals and managers through Focus Groups. Thematic content analysis was used. RESULTS: Care coordination is fragile, with lack of support from the management, and presence of high turnover of managers and professionals. The limits in the network planning are due to frequent changes in the careflow. Communication between levels of care and lack of counter-referral makes network care unfeasible. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There is a need for planning in the Health Care Network and establishment of careflow, as well as the construction of communication channels and tools of referral and counter-referral between professionals and services, for the constitution and integration of the network from the perspective of user-centered care.

Nursing consultation for people with diabetes mellitus: experience with an active methodology / Consulta de enfermería a las personas con diabetes mellitus: experiencia con metodología activa / Consulta de enfermagem às pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus: experiência com metodologia ativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe our experience with a methodology for teaching nursing consultation in support of people with diabetes mellitus at a Family Health Unit. Method: experience report with four moments—submission of the proposal to the team; theorizing; nursing care for people with diabetes mellitus at home and at the health unit, and evaluation of learning. Results: the pedagogical process favored the integration between service and users, contributed to implement and apply the nursing process and strengthened professional training, based on the epidemiological profile of chronic diseases and its implications for nursing in primary care. Final considerations: the active methodology discussed here allowed for a resignification of knowledge and a qualification of nursing care, demonstrating to be an important instrument for integrating clinical practice and epidemiology in accordance to experienced reality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con la metodología de la problematización para la enseñanza de la consulta de enfermería a las personas con diabetes mellitus en una Unidad de Salud de la Familia. Método: Relato de experiencia realizado en cuatro momentos -presentar la propuesta al equipo; teorizar; dar asistencia de enfermería a las personas con diabetes mellitus en los domicilios y en la unidad de salud; y evaluar el aprendizaje. Resultados: El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje favoreció la integración entre servicio y usuarios, contribuyó a implantar y aplicar el proceso de enfermería, y fortaleció la formación a partir del reconocimiento del perfil epidemiológico para el cuidado de enfermería a las enfermedades crónicas en la atención primaria. Consideraciones finales: La metodología activa propició la resignificación del conocimiento y la cualificación del cuidado de enfermería, constituyéndose como importante instrumento para unir la clínica a la epidemiología a partir de la realidad experimentada.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da utilização de metodologia da problematização para o ensino da Consulta de Enfermagem junto a pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Método: Relato de experiência realizado em quatro momentos: apresentação da proposta à equipe, teorização, aplicação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem às pessoas com diabetes mellitus no domicilio dos usuários e na Unidade de Saúde e avaliação da aprendizagem. Resultados: O processo ensino-aprendizagem favoreceu a integração do ensino com o serviço e usuários, contribuiu para a implantação e aplicação do processo de enfermagem e fortaleceu a formação a partir do reconhecimento do perfil epidemiológico para o cuidado de enfermagem às doenças crônicas na atenção primária. Considerações finais: A utilização da metodologia ativa propiciou a ressignificação do conhecimento e a qualificação do cuidado de enfermagem, constituindo-se como um importante instrumento para a união da clínica à epidemiologia a partir da realidade vivenciada.

Referral and counter-referral: repercussions of coronary artery bypass graft in the perspective of Primary Care.

OBJECTIVE: to understand how repercussions of the referral and counter-referral of patients with indication/submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in the context of Primary Health Care. METHOD: qualitative research with a theoretical-methodological contribution anchored in the Grounded Theory. Theoretical sampling was performed with 41 participants, divided into three sample groups (patients, health professionals and managers) in the Metropolitan Region and Western Region of Santa Catarina State. RESULTS: the need for improvement in the process of recording clinical data in the regulation system emerged to strengthen patient referral; and the absence of a formal process of counter-referral and adaptation of lifestyle with repercussion in the counter-referral. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the repercussions of the referral and counter-referral of patients with indication/submitted to the CABGS in the context of Primary Care are experienced through professional guidance and, in particular, by family support.

Referral and counter-referral: repercussions of coronary artery bypass graft in the perspective of Primary Care / Referencia y contrarreferencia: repercusiones de la revascularización miocárdica en la perspectiva de la Atención Primaria / Referência e contrarreferência: repercussões da revascularização miocárdica na perspectiva da Atenção Primária

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how repercussions of the referral and counter-referral of patients with indication/submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in the context of Primary Health Care. Method: qualitative research with a theoretical-methodological contribution anchored in the Grounded Theory. Theoretical sampling was performed with 41 participants, divided into three sample groups (patients, health professionals and managers) in the Metropolitan Region and Western Region of Santa Catarina State. Results: the need for improvement in the process of recording clinical data in the regulation system emerged to strengthen patient referral; and the absence of a formal process of counter-referral and adaptation of lifestyle with repercussion in the counter-referral. Final considerations: the repercussions of the referral and counter-referral of patients with indication/submitted to the CABGS in the context of Primary Care are experienced through professional guidance and, in particular, by family support.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo son vivenciadas las repercusiones del proceso de referencia y contrarreferencia del paciente con indicación o sometido a la Cirugía de Revascularización Miocárdica en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: investigación cualitativa con aporte teórico-metodológico anclado en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Se alcanzó el muestreo teórico con 41 participantes, divididos en tres grupos muestrales (pacientes, profesionales de salud y gestores) en la Región Metropolitana y Región Oeste de Santa Catarina. Resultados: surgió la necesidad de mejora en el proceso de registro de los datos clínicos en el sistema de regulación para fortalecer la referencia del paciente; y ausencia de un proceso formal de contrarreferencia y adaptación del estilo de vida con repercusión en la contrarreferencia. Consideraciones finales: las repercusiones del proceso de referencia y la contrarreferencia del paciente con indicación o sometido a la CRM en el contexto de la atención primaria son vivenciadas por medio de las orientaciones profesionales y, en especial, por el apoyo de la familia.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como são vivenciadas as repercussões do processo de referência e contrarreferência do paciente com indicação/submetido à Cirurgia de Revascularização Miocárdica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa com aporte teórico-metodológico ancorado na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Alcançou-se a amostragem teórica com 41 participantes, divididos em três grupos amostrais (pacientes, profissionais de saúde e gestores) na Região Metropolitana e Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Resultados: emergiu a necessidade de melhoria no processo de registro dos dados clínicos no sistema de regulação para fortalecimento da referência do paciente; e ausência de um processo formal de contrarreferência e adaptação do estilo de vida com repercussão na contrarreferência. Considerações finais: as repercussões do processo de referência e contrarreferência do paciente com indicação/submetido à CRM no contexto da Atenção Primária são vivenciadas por meio das orientações profissionais e, em especial, pelo apoio da família.

Dialogue between primary and secondary health care providers in a Brazilian hypertensive population

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and epidemiological profiles of patients with hypertension referred to a secondary care unit and to assess the adequacy of the referral criteria. METHOD This descriptive transversal study analysed 943 hypertensive patients referred to a secondary healthcare unit from September 2010 to August 2012. Clinical and sociodemographic data as well as data regarding the liaison between secondary and primary care services were collected. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 59±13.1 years, and 61.3% were female. Sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, and smoking were observed in 80.3%, 31.1%, and 18.1% of the patients, respectively. Uncontrolled blood pressure was observed in 72.5% of the sample, and 80.1% of individuals were overweight or obese. There was a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia (73.1%), cardiovascular disease (97.5%), and reduced glomerular filtration rate (49.9%). Thirty-eight percent of patients did not meet the referral criteria, of whom approximately 25% were not hypertensive. CONCLUSION Even in a universal-access healthcare system, poor control of hypertension and high prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases were observed. Inadequate referrals and the presence of clinical complications suggest low efficiency of the assistance provided in primary care and reinforce the need for sharing care with the secondary level.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os perfis clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes hipertensos encaminhados para uma unidade de atendimento secundário e avaliar a adequação dos critérios de referência. MÉTODO Estudo transversal que analisou 943 pacientes hipertensos encaminhados a uma unidade de atenção secundária à saúde de setembro de 2010 a agosto de 2012. Foram coletados dados clínicos e sociodemográficos, bem como dados de interlocução entre os serviços de atenção primária e secundária. RESULTADOS A idade média dos pacientes era de 59 ± 13,1 anos e 61,3% eram do sexo feminino. O estilo de vida sedentário, o consumo de álcool e o tabagismo foram observados em 80,3%, 31,1% e 18,1% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A pressão arterial descontrolada foi observada em 72,5% da amostra, e 80,1% dos indivíduos apresentavam excesso de peso. Houve uma alta prevalência de dislipidemia (73,1%), doença cardiovascular (97,5%) e taxa de filtração glomerular estimada reduzida (49,9%). Trinta e oito por cento dos pacientes não atendiam aos critérios de encaminhamento, dos quais aproximadamente 25% não eram hipertensos. CONCLUSÃO Mesmo em um sistema de saúde de acesso universal, observou-se um controle insuficiente da hipertensão e uma alta prevalência de obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares. Encaminhamentos inadequados e a presença de complicações clínicas sugerem uma baixa eficiência da assistência prestada na atenção primária e reforçam a necessidade de compartilhar cuidados com o nível secundário.