Overweight in Sateré-Mawé indigenous residents of an urban area in Parintins, Amazonas / Sobrepeso em indígenas Sateré-Mawé residentes em área urbana de Parintins, Amazonas

ABSTRACT Objective To verify overweight prevalence in the Sateré-Mawé indigenous population over 18 years of age, residing in the city of Parintins (AM), Brazil, and to assess its associated variables. Methods Household survey performed in the urban area of Parintins in 2017, visiting new households in each interview, completing the census universe. Self-declared Sateré-Mawé, over 18 years of age, residing in the city for a period longer than one year were considered eligible. Overweight was considered for body mass index values ≥ 25 kg/m2 or ≥ 27 kg/m2, for those over 60 years of age. Household information on social assistance, as well as individual information such as speaking the indigenous language, years living in the city and also in the indigenous territory, income, work, schooling, marital status, leisure and transport physical activity level, and time watching television per week were retrieved. The hierarchical logistic model analysis was carried out, calculating the odds ratio and confidence interval (95%). Results A total of 174 subjects participated in the survey, 42% being overweight. Those who spoke the Sateré-Mawé language, number of years living in the city, working outside home and being married had a positive effect on the outcome, but lost significance in the final model. Only transport insufficient physical activity (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.01-4.98) and being in the age group from 30 to 59 years (OR=8.79, 95% CI=3.41-22.64) maintained statistical significance. Conclusion Efforts to provide visibility to the health situation of urban indigenous populations in Brazil are necessary. Poor transport infrastructure in the city seems to favor transport physical activity levels as a necessity, in addition to age, which is commonly associated with overweight.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso em indígenas Sateré-Mawé maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes na cidade de Parintins (AM), Brasil, identificando as variáveis associadas. Métodos Um inquérito domiciliar foi realizado em 2017 na cidade de Parintins e identificou novos domicílios em cada entrevista, alcançando o universo censitário. Foram elegíveis os autodeclarados Sateré-Mawé maiores de 18 anos e residentes há mais de um ano na cidade. O sobrepeso foi considerado para valores de índice de massa corporal ≥25 kg/m2 ou ≥27 kg/m2 para os maiores de 60 anos de idade. Coletou-se informações domiciliares sobre bolsa família, bem como individuais como falar a língua indígena, anos morando na cidade e na terra indígena, renda, trabalho, escolaridade, estado civil, nível de atividade física no lazer e no deslocamento e tempo assistindo televisão na semana. Foi utilizado o modelo logístico hierarquizado, calculando a razão de chances e intervalo de confiança (95%). Resultados Participaram do estudo 174 pessoas no total, sendo que 42% deles estavam com sobrepeso. Falar a língua Sateré-Mawé, a quantidade de anos residindo na cidade, trabalhar fora de casa e ser casado tiveram efeito positivo no desfecho, porém perderam significância no modelo final. Somente atividade física insuficiente no deslocamento (OR=2,24 IC 95%=1,01-4,98) e a faixa etária dos 30 a 59 anos (OR=8,79 IC 95%=3,41-22,64) mantiveram-se significativas. Conclusão Esforços para dar visibilidade à situação de saúde das populações indígenas urbanas no Brasil são necessários. A fraca infraestrutura de transporte na cidade parece favorecer a atividade física no deslocamento como necessidade, além da idade, já comumente associada ao sobrepeso.

Prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases according to sociodemographic characteristics among adults Chilean residents.

To examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Chilean residents. A cross-sectional study based on data from 5995 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey. The lifestyle risk factors included were physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight/obesity. The most frequent risk factor was overweight/obesity (75.6%), followed by alcohol consumption (74.8%), low fruits and vegetable consumption (51.7%), physical inactivity (36.3%), and tobacco consumption (27.9%). Only 1.0% of the participants did not present any risk factor, while 9.6%, 30.4%, 34.0%, 20.3%, and 4.7% accumulated one, two, three, four, and five risk factors. Men (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18; 2.04), people who have secondary education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20; 2.10), and those with lower household income (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09; 1.59) had higher odds of three or more risk factors. Associations were inverse for older adults (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41; 0.79) and rural geographic areas (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67; 0.89). The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is fairly high in Chilean residents. Interventions may need to target these co-occurrences rather than emphasizing individual risk factors for NCDs. Interventions could further consider these co-occurrences as a potential target for population stratification.

Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior: Results from over 200,000 Latin-American children and adolescents.

More physical activity and less sedentary behavior is beneficial for children and adolescents. Worldwide, gender differences are >8% favorable for men and the Latin-American region presents an even higher level of insufficient physical activity among women, with a lack of information in young population. Thus, the aim of the current study was to describe the gender differences in physical activity and recreational sedentary behavior in children and adolescents from Latin-American countries. The targeted age range was 5 to 17 years and included 219,803 participants (106,698 boys and 113,105 girls) from 33 out of 47 Latin-American countries identified. Physical activity guidelines from the World Health Organization (≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seven days of the week) and <3 hours recreational sedentary behavior daily were the references. In general, boys showed a higher prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines in comparison with girls. A higher proportion of girls met the <3 hours recreational sedentary behavior cut-point in only ten countries. Thirty percent of the identified countries had no available data. The majority had data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey with data principally on adolescents and only 11/33 countries reported data in the last 5-year period. In conclusion, gender differences in the compliance with physical activity guidelines and the <3 hours recreational sedentary behavior cut-point are evident among children and adolescents from Latin-American countries, with boys being more active than girls.

Riesgo cardiometabólico del sedentarismo / Cardiometabolic risk of sedentary lifestyle

Sedentary behavior is spreading among society, especially since the rise of technology and progress. The sedentary lifestyle habits are being transmitted to young people, who increase the time they spend in sedentary activities like video games or TV. It has been demonstrated that both sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have negative cardiometabolic consequences for the health, and they become a serious problem for public health, as it has been claimed in several studies and by scientific statements. This review intent to make a call of attention to this problem that will have profound impact in the near future in many countries in Latin America. (AU)

Relationship between sleep duration and TV time with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between sleep duration and television time with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age, gender, and skin color/ethnicity in this relationship among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 1411 adolescents (800 girls) aged 10 to 17 years. Television time, sleep duration, age, gender, and skin color/ethnicity were obtained by self-reported questionnaire. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated using the continuous metabolic risk score, by the sum of the standard z-score values for each risk factor: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS: There was an association between television time and cardiometabolic risk (ß, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.003). Short sleep duration (ß, 0.422; 95% CI, 0.012; 0.833) was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Additionally, age moderated the relationship between television time and cardiometabolic risk (ß, - 0.009; 95% CI, - 0.002; - 0.001), suggesting that this relationship was stronger at ages 11 and 13 years (ß, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.006) compared to 13 to 15 years (ß, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.004). No association was found in older adolescents (ß, 0.001; 95% CI, - 0.002; 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Television time and sleep duration are associated with cardiometabolic risk; adolescents with short sleep have higher cardiometabolic risk. In addition, age plays a moderating role in the relationship between TV time and cardiometabolic risk, indicating that in younger adolescents the relationship is stronger compared to older ones.

Estudio correlacional sobre la actividad física y conducta sedentaria en senderistas de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Correlational Study about Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Hikers from Bucaramanga, Colombia

Introducción: La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo comportamental que se define como la realización de menos de 150 minutos de actividad física a la semana de intensidad moderada, por otra parte, la conducta sedentaria hace referencia al tiempo que se permanece sentado o acostado en reposo. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación existente entre los niveles de actividad física, en cada uno de los dominios, y la conducta sedentaria de los senderistas de Bucaramanga, y área metropolitana. Métodos: Estudio correlacional realizado en 170 senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables categorías y continúas de interés. Se calculó coeficiente de Pearson para establecer una posible correlación en las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se registró una prevalencia nula de inactividad física en la población de estudio. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al analizar las medianas de actividad física en cada uno de los dominios según sexo. El dominio de mayor realización de actividad física fue el del tiempo libre. Se estableció una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal. Conclusiones: La totalidad de los senderistas encuestados son físicamente activos y cumplen ampliamente con las recomendaciones de actividad física para la salud de la OMS, además de registrar bajos niveles de conducta sedentaria. Se determinó una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal(AU)

Introduction: physical inactivity is a behavioral risk factor that is defined as the realization of less than 150 moderate intensity physical activity per week, oh the other hand, sedentary behavior has to do with the time a person spend sitting or lying down. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between physical activity levels, in each domain, and the sedentary behavior of hikers from Bucaramanga, and its metropolitan area. Methods: correlational study carried out in 170 hikers from Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Variables were analyzed using central tendencies measures or frequencies according to its nature. U - Mann-Whitney test was utilized to establish differences statistically significant between categorical and continuous variables of interest. Pearson coefficient was calculated to establish a possible correlation between variables of interest. Significant level was of p ≤ 0.05 Results: a non-existent prevalence of physical inactivity was registered in hikers. No differences statistically significant were found when analyzing physical activity medians in each domain according to sex. Free time was the domain in which participants reported more physical activity. A negative correlation was established between sedentary behavior and the quantity of physical activity and weekly energy expenditure. Conclusions: All hikers interviewed are physically active and widely fulfill WHO recommendations on physical activity for health, besides, participants reported low levels of sedentary behavior. A negative correlation was stablished between sedentary behavior and the quantity of physical activity and weekly energy expenditure(AU)

Effect of Moderate- Versus High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Inactive Latin-American Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Ramírez-Vélez, R, Tordecilla-Sanders, A, Téllez-T, LA, Camelo-Prieto, D, Hernández-Quiñonez, PA, Correa-Bautista, JE, Garcia-Hermoso, A, Ramírez-Campillo, R, and Izquierdo, M. Effect of moderate- versus high-intensity interval exercise training on heart rate variability parameters in inactive Latin-American adults: a randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3403-3415, 2020-We investigated the effect of moderate versus high-intensity interval exercise training on the heart rate variability (HRV) indices in physically inactive adults. Twenty inactive adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity training (MCT group) or high-intensity interval training (HIT group). The MCT group performed aerobic training at an intensity of 55-75%, which consisted of walking on a treadmill at 60-80% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) until the expenditure of 300 kcal. The HIT group ran on a treadmill for 4 minutes at 85-95% peak HRmax and had a recovery of 4 minutes at 65% peak HRmax until the expenditure of 300 kcal. Supine resting HRV indices (time domain: SDNN = SD of normal-to-normal intervals; rMSSD = root mean square successive difference of R-R intervals and frequency domain: HFLn = high-frequency spectral power; LF = low-frequency spectral power and HF/LF ratio) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks thereafter. The SDNN changes were 3.4 (8.9) milliseconds in the MCT group and 29.1 (7.6) milliseconds in the HIT group {difference between groups 32.6 (95% confidence interval, 24.9 to 40.4 [p = 0.01])}. The LF/HFLn ratio changes were 0.19 (0.03) milliseconds in the MCT group and 0.13 (0.01) milliseconds in the HIT group (p between groups = 0.016). No significant group differences were observed for the rMSSD, HF, and LF parameters. In inactive adults, this study showed that a 12-week HIT training program could increase short-term HRV, mostly in vagally mediated indices such as SDNN and HF/LFLn ratio power. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01796275, registered on March 23, 2016.

Body Image, Physical Activity and Cultural Variables Underlying Race and Ethnicity among Latino Men.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity is a significant public health concern among Latino men. Common correlates of obesity that have been examined in previous studies are diet, physical activity, and body image. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine whether or not there are differences in body image, physical activity and cultural variables between Mexican and Puerto Rican men. METHODS: Participants completed a health and culture interview, anthropometric measures, a dietary assessment, and an objective measure of physical activity. The results are from the 203 participants who completed the health and culture interview. RESULTS: Mexicans and Puerto Ricans did not differ in their current and ideal body image, body image discrepancy, body satisfaction or how they described their weight. Puerto Ricans watched a greater number of hours of television per day than Mexicans (p < .01). There were no significant differences in their participation in any regular activity designed to improve or maintain their physical fitness, the number of times or length they engaged in this activity, or in their perceived exertion during this activity. Puerto Ricans reported a higher level of familism (p < .01) and machismo (p < .05) than Mexicans. There were no ethnic differences in folk illness beliefs, fatalism or personalism, acculturation level, acculturative stress, or ethnic identity. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed in relation to the development of healthy eating, physical activity and body image interventions for Puerto Rican and Mexican men.

Physical activity change after a promotora-led intervention in low-income Mexican American women residing in South Texas.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine physical activity (PA) preferences associated with increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease in sedentary time in Mexican American (MA) women participating in a Promotora (community health worker)-led intervention on the U.S.-Mexico border. METHODS: Enlace ('to link' in Spanish) was a randomized clinical trial to increase PA in low-income, MA women living in South Texas on the U.S.-Mexico border. A total of 620 participants were recruited into the study. The primary outcome was increase in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the Actigraph GT3X 16 Mb accelerometer. A modified version of the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors Physical Activity (CHAMPS) instrument was used to predict MVPA. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models predicted change in MVPA by change in CHAMPS activities. ANOVA analysis determined the variance explained in change in MVPA by change in time engaged in activity. Individual effect sizes were then calculated for significant activity type change on MVPA increase. RESULTS: There were significant increases in all CHAMPS activities except aerobic machines and errand walking. An increase in leisure walking (O.R. = 2.76, p = .046), errand (O.R. = 3.53, p = .051), and brisk walking (O.R. = 4.74, p = .011), dance (O.R. = 8.22, p = .003), aerobics class (O.R. = 32.7, p = .001), and light housework (O.R. = 6.75, p = .000), were associated with a decrease in sedentary time. Significant effect sizes for MVPA were observed for jogging (1.2, p = .050), general exercise (1.6, p = .024), and other exercise not specified (2.6, p = .003). Significant effect sizes for sedentary time were detected for leisure time (.031, p = .036), errands (.017, p = .022), brisk walking (.022, p = .003), dance (.042, p = .005), and aerobics class (.013, p = .009). DISCUSSION: Participants who engaged in walking and aerobic activities through this intervention significantly increased their engagement in MVPA and decreased their sedentary time. These findings are novel, since preferences have not been examined in relation to MVPA or sedentary time in MA women. CONCLUSION: PA preferences need to be considered when aiming to promote activities that reduce sedentary time and increase PA participation among marginalized groups, such as MA women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02046343 .

Association of physical inactivity with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in Amerindian schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVES: There is a wealth of published data on blood pressure (BP) and physical activity in adults of European descent, but less information is available for Amerindian schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BP and other cardiometabolic risk factors differ by physical activity levels in schoolchildren from different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 540 schoolchildren (6-13 years) from two ethnic backgrounds (n = 119 Mapuche Amerindians and n = 421 of European descent). Physical activity was measured using international physical activity recommendations and a standard questionnaire, and ethnicity was classified according to previous methods using surnames. The population was divided into the following four groups: (a) physically active Mapuches (n = 45) and of European descent (n = 101); and (b) physically inactive Mapuches (n = 74) and of European descent (n = 320). RESULTS: In physically inactive schoolchildren, significant differences were found between schoolchildren of Mapuche and European descent in systolic (134 ± 3 mmHg vs 130 ± 5 mmHg, respectively, P = .034) and diastolic BP (85 ± 13 mmHg vs 81 ± 3 mmHg, P = .029). For other cardiometabolic risk factors, schoolchildren with Mapuche surnames were significantly less likely to be classified with normal weight (5 [6.8%] vs 85 [26.6%]), and more likely to be obese (30 [40.5%] vs 76 [26.6%]) at P < .0001 than European peers. Additionally, significant differences were found between Mapuche schoolchildren vs European peers in the outcomes body mass (51.2 ± 18 kg vs 47.0 ± 15), z score of body mass index (2.16 vs 1.70), fat-to-muscle mass ratio (1.68 vs 0.96), resting heart rate (81.7 ± 10 vs 86.8 ± 16), waist circumference (89.3 ± 5 cm vs 76.3 ± 2 cm), muscle mass (18.2 ± 3 kg vs 16.2 ± 2 kg), and handgrip strength normalized by body mass (0.68 vs 0.57 kg). CONCLUSION: Under conditions of similar physical inactivity, Mapuche schoolchildren have a more adverse cardiovascular and adiposity profile than their counterparts of European descent.

Temporal associations between circadian sleep and activity patterns in Mexican American children.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between circadian sleep and activity behaviors (sedentary time [SED], light-intensity physical activity [LPA], and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA]) across 3 consecutive days. METHODS: This study included 308 Mexican American children aged 8-10 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. Minutes of sleep duration, SED, LPA, and MVPA were estimated using hip-worn accelerometers from Wednesday night to Saturday night. A cross-lagged panel model was used to estimate paths between sleep duration the prior night and subsequent behaviors, and paths between behaviors to subsequent sleep duration across the 3 days. We adjusted for child age, sex, body mass index, and household income. RESULTS: Overall, children were 8.9 (SD 0.8) years old; the weighted average for weekday and weekend combined was 9.6 (SD 0.7) hours per night in sleep duration, 483 (SD 74) min/d SED, 288 (SD 61) min/d LPA, and 63 (SD 38) min/d MVPA. Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that, over 3 days, for every 1-hour increase in sleep duration, there were an expected 0.66-hour (40-minute) decrease in SED, 0.37-hour (22-minute) decrease in LPA, and 0.06-hour (4-minute) decrease in MVPA. For every 1-hour increase in LPA, there was an expected 0.25-hour (15-minute) decrease in sleep duration. CONCLUSION: An additional hour of sleep the night before corresponded to an hour decrease in combined SED and LPA the next day in Mexican American children. For every hour of LPA, there was an associated 15-minute decrease in sleep. Encouraging longer sleep may help to reduce SED and LPA, and help offset LPA's negative predictive effect on sleep.

Association between migration and physical activity among medical students from a university located in Lima, Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between migration and physical activity among medical students from a university located in Lima, Peru. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among second-year medical students from a Peruvian university. Data on moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and migration features were obtained through a self-report questionnaire. To assess the associations of interest, prevalence ratios (PR) along with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variances. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 312 students (54.5% were women, mean age: 19.0 years, standard deviation: 1.4 years), 90 (28.9%) students performed MVPA for ≥150 minutes/week, 118 (37.8%) performed MVPA for ≤30 minutes/week, and 114 (36.7%) were migrants. Being a migrant was not associated with performing MVPA for ≤30 nor ≥150 minutes/week. However, adjusted analysis showed that the frequency of performing MVPA for ≤30 minutes/week was greater among those who migrated less than five years ago (PR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05-1.93) and among those who migrated to continue their studies (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06-1.94), compared to non-migrants. CONCLUSION: In our population, being a migrant was not associated with physical activity. However, low physical activity was more prevalent among recent migrants and among those who had migrated to study, compared to non-migrants.

The combined effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on subclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study among Mexican Americans.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sedentary behavior are considered independent risk factors for chronic disease. However, we do not fully understand their interrelation with key health outcomes such as subclinical atherosclerosis. This study examines the combined effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and presence of carotid plaque in a Mexican American population on the Texas-Mexico border. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data from a sample (n = 612) of participants from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. Carotid ultrasound was used to measure cIMT and presence of carotid plaque. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess leisure time physical activity and sedentary behavior (TV/movie sitting and total sitting). A series of multivariable regression models were used to assess study aims. An interaction term between physical activity and sedentary behavior was included in models for each respective outcome. Models were controlled for demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS: There were no significant associations found between physical activity, sedentary behavior and mean cIMT, or cIMT thickness ≥ 75th percentile for age and gender. However, there was a significant interaction between physical activity and TV/movie sitting with presence of carotid plaque. Participants who reported moderate levels of physical activity had significantly lower odds for presence of plaque compared to participants with no activity when TV/movie sitting time was ≤3 h per day. However, there was no significant difference in odds for presence of plaque between physical activity groups when TV/movie sitting exceeded 3 h/day. These results were consistent with models examining total sitting time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that for Mexican Americans, there is a combined effect of sedentary behavior and physical activity on presence of carotid plaque. Participating in moderate physical activity is optimal for having lower levels of carotid plaque in addition to avoiding excessive levels of TV/movie sitting (≥3 h/day) and/or total sitting (≥8.5 h/day).

Sibship, physical activity, and sedentary behavior: a longitudinal, observational study among Mexican-heritage sibling dyads.

BACKGROUND: Shared genetic and environmental factors suggest that family relationships are important predictors of obesity-related behaviors, yet little is known about how siblings influence physical activity and sedentary behaviors. This study examined physical activity and sedentary behavior between sibling dyads across summer and fall time points and determined if birth order and gender modify the relationship between sibling behaviors. METHODS: Mexican-heritage families residing in colonias along the United States-Mexico border were recruited using promotoras de salud to participate in summer and school year surveys. Eighty-seven sibling dyads had complete data for the physical activity sub-study: 21 older brother-younger brother, 21 older brother-younger sister, 23 older sister-younger brother, and 22 older sister-younger sister dyads. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using a validated 7-day recall instrument to create summary measures of weekly active, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) metabolic equivalents (MET), sitting, and screen time minutes. We used linear regression analyses to examine changes over time and the association between older and younger sibling behavior. RESULTS: During summer, older siblings (mean age = 11.2 years) reported 1069 active minutes and 1244 sitting minutes per week; younger siblings (mean age = 8.3 years) reported 1201 active minutes and 1368 sitting minutes per week. Younger brothers reported fewer active minutes (mean = - 459.6; p = 0.01) and fewer MVPA MET-minutes (mean = - 2261.7; p = 0.02) of physical activity during the fall. Within all 87 dyads, older sibling physical activity was significantly associated with younger sibling active minutes (B = 0.45;p = 0.004) and MET-minutes (B = 0.45;p = 0.003) during summer but not fall; older sibling sedentary behavior was significantly associated with younger sibling sitting (B = 0.23;p = 0.01) and screen time minutes (B = 0.23;p = 0.004) during fall but not summer. After stratifying by gender dyad groups, younger brother behavior was strongly associated with older brother behavior at both time points. CONCLUSION: Younger siblings appear to emulate the physical activity behaviors of their older siblings during non-school summer months and sedentary behaviors of older siblings during school-time fall months, especially older brother-younger brother dyads. Family-based interventions to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior are growing in popularity, but more work is needed to understand the role of sibling influences.

Influencias de alimentos, sedentarismo y estrés en la prevención del cáncer colorrectal / Influências alimentares, sedentarismo e estresse na prevenção do cancer colorrectal / Influence of foods, sedentary life and stress in the prevention of colorectal cancer

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal se encuentra entre las principales causas de muerte en muchos países, aunque se acepta que puede prevenirse con una vigilancia oportuna y la adopción de estilos de vida saludable. Objetivo: analizar informaciones científicas sobre el papel de la alimentación, la actividad física y el estrés en la prevención del cáncer colorrectal. Método: revisión de publicaciones científicas, en español e inglés, de artículos consultados en pubmed, Redalyc, Scielo y BVsalud, hasta agosto del 2018 sobre la alimentación, la actividad física y el dominio del estrés en relación con la prevención del cáncer colorrectal. Resultados: existen informaciones sobre componentes, con capacidad para inhibir la iniciación, proliferación y metástasis del cáncer colorrectal, en alimentos como vegetales, frutas, miel y lácteos además de reportes sobre productos cárnicos y carne roja que pueden aportar sustancias asociadas con la presentación y desarrollo de este tipo de cáncer mientras las publicaciones sobre actividad física y el dominio del estrés soportan, de forma unánime, que la disminución del sedentarismo y del estrés ayudan a la prevención de la ocurrencia y la mortalidad del cáncer colorrectal. Conclusiones: en la literatura científica se identifica a la promoción de la alimentación saludable, a la actividad física y al dominio del estrés como medidas de prevención contribuyentes de la disminución del cáncer colorrectal. Las faltas de explicaciones, con evidencias suficientes sobre estos factores de protección o de riesgo, expresan la necesidad de aportes científicos para mejorar la prevención del cáncer colorrectal.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of death in many countries, although it is accepted that it can be prevented with timely control and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To analyze scientific information regarding the role of eating habits, physical activity and stress in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Method: Review of scientific articles, written in English and Spanish, published in pubmed, Redalyc, Scielo and BVsalud, up to August 2018 about eating habits, physical activity and stress control in relation to colorectal cancer prevention. Results: There is information about components with the ability to inhibit the onset, spread and metastasis of colorectal cancer in food such as certain vegetables, fruit, honey and dairy products; and there are also reports indicating that some kinds of meat and red meat in particular can provide substances associated with the appearance and development of this type of cancer whereas all publications about physical activity and stress control state that the reduction of sedentary life and stress help the prevention or colorectal cancer presentation and mortality. Conclusions: In scientific literature, the promotion of healthy eating habits, physical activity and stress control is identified as preventive measures contributing to the reduction of colorectal cancer The lack of explanations, with enough evidence on these protection or risk factors, expresses the need for scientific contributions to improve the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Introdução: O câncer colorretal encontra-se entre as principais causas de morte em muitos países, embora se aceite que pode ser evitado com monitoramento oportuno e adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Objetivo: analisar informações científicas sobre o papel da nutrição, atividade física e estresse na prevenção do câncer colorretal. Método: revisão de publicações científicas, em español e inglês, de artigos consultados em pubmed, Redalyc, Scielo e BVsalud, até agosto de 2018, sobre nutrição, atividade física e domínio do estresse em relação à prevenção do câncer colorectal. Resultados: há informações sobre componentes, com capacidade para inibir a iniciação, proliferação e metástase de câncer colorretal, em alimentos como legumes, frutas, mel e laticínios, ademais dos relatórios sobre produtos de carne e carne vermelha que pode fornecer substâncias associadas com a apresentação e desenvolvimento deste tipo de câncer, enquanto publicações sobre atividade física e apoio de domínio stress, por unanimidade, que a diminuição do sedentarismo e do estresse contribuem na prevenção da ocorrência e mortalidade do câncer colorretal. Conclusões: Na literatura científica identifica-se a promoção da alimentação saudável, atividade física e domínio do estresse como medidas contribuintes para a diminuição do câncer colorretal. A falta de explicações , com evidências suficientes sobre esses fatores de proteção ou de risco, expressam a necessidade de contribuições científicas para melhorar a prevenção do câncer colorectal.

Sedentary time and perceived neighborhood environment in adolescents aged 12-17 years / Tempo sedentário e ambiente percebido sobre o bairro em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos

Abstract The environment around the residence could contribute to attenuate or increase time spent in sedentary activities, and in low energy expenditure activities (1.5 METS) in adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sedentary time and perceived neighborhood environment in adolescents aged 12-17 years living in southern Brazil. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted from August 2013 to May 2014, with a sample of adolescents (12-17 years), recruited from 32 census tracts in Curitiba, Brazil. All census tracts were selected according to walkability and income characteristics. Perceived environment was assessed through the NEWS-Y questionnaire, and sedentary time along seven days was obtained through accelerometers (GT1M, GT3x and GT3x+). Linear regression models were used to test the associations, and included age, nutritional status, socioeconomic level and education level as confounding variables. All analyses were performed considering p-value <0.05 through SPSS software 20.0. The analytical sample included 364 adolescents (girls=50.5%; mean age=14.7, SD=1.7) with valid accelerometry data, showing on 489.6 minutes/day (SD=99.5) spent in sedentary time activities. After adjusting for confounding variables, only the perception of places for walking and cycling remained associated with sedentary time for both boys (B=-23.402, p=0.016) and girls (B=-15.572; p=0.079). Perception of places for walking and cycling has an inverse relationship with sedentary time among adolescents living in places with extremes of walkability and income.

Resumo O ambiente no entrono da residência pode contribuir para atenuar ou acentuar o tempo em atividades sedentárias em adolescentes. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre o tempo sedentário e a percepção do ambiente sobre o bairro em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos residentes no sul do Brasil. Este foi um estudo transversal realizado entre os meses Agosto, 2013 e Maio, 2014, em uma amostra de adolescentes, recrutados em 32 setores censitários da cidade de Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Os setores foram selecionados de acordo com as características de walkability e renda. O ambiente percebido foi avaliado com o questionário NEWS-Y. O tempo sedentário foi avaliado de maneira objetiva por meio de acelerômetros (GT1M, GT3x e GT3x+) durante sete dias consecutivos. Modelos de regressão linear foram empregados para testar as associações, sendo consideradas como variáveis de confundimento a idade, o estado nutricional, o nível socioeconômico e a escolaridade. As análises foram realizadas considerando o valor de p<0,05 através do software SPSS 20,0. A amostra analítica contou com 364 adolescentes com dados válidos de acelerômetros (meninas=50,5%; idade média=14,7 anos, DP=1,7 anos), tendo apresentando 489,6 minutos/dia (DP=99,5 minutos/dia) de tempo em atividades sedentárias. Após ajuste para as variáveis de confundimento apenas a percepção de lugares para caminhar e para pedalar manteve-se associada com tempo sedentário tanto para meninos (B=23,402; p=0,016) quanto para meninas (B=-15,572; p=0,079). A percepção de locais para caminhar e pedalar tem relação inversa com tempo sedentário entre adolescentes residentes em locais com extremos de walkability nível socioeconômico.

Patterns of Screen Time Among Rural Mexican-American Children on the New Mexico-Mexico Border.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity is 26% among Hispanic children and teenagers and 47% among Hispanic adults. One contributor to obesity is sedentary behavior, such as using electronic screen devices (ie, screens). Low-income and Hispanic youths spend more time using such devices than other youths. METHODS: We interviewed 202 parents of Mexican-origin children aged 6 to 10 years in 2 rural communities near the US-Mexico border to determine screen use among children. We tested for associations between covariates and heavy screen use (≥4 hours/day) and calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to identify independent, modifiable risk factors for such use. RESULTS: More than two-thirds (68.3%) of households had an annual income of less than $24,000, 89.1% spoke primarily Spanish, and 92.1% had internet access. The percentage of children with heavy screen use was 14.9% on weekdays and 25.2% on weekends. Smartphones were used by 62.4% of children, desktops or laptops by 60.9%; homework was the most common reason for use of these devices. One in 3 children used them for social media. Increased odds of heavy screen use were associated with having a television on while the child ate (weekday AOR = 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-8.45 and weekend AOR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.04-5.40) and using electronics to entertain (weekend AOR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.15-7.51). More than 3 family meals per week (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.94 compared with ≤3 meals) and 2 or 3 family activities per week (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.87 compared with ≤1 activity) were associated with decreased odds of heavy weekend use. CONCLUSION: Even in low-income, Spanish-speaking communities, children have access to electronic devices, social media, and the internet, and a substantial fraction of them are heavy users. Efforts to reduce screen time might focus on understanding and changing the social norms that promote it.

Niveles de sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado en Colombia / Sedentary lifestyles among Health Sciences undergraduate students of Colombia

Introducción: En la actualidad, el sedentarismo es un comportamiento relacionado con múltiples enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este comportamiento cada día se hace más prevalentes entre adolescentes y personas jóvenes como consecuencia del estilo de vida moderno. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en estudiantes pertenecientes a la facultad de salud de la Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, con matrícula activa durante el primer periodo académico de 2016. Participaron 346 alumnos que aceptaron de forma voluntaria responder el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física para Adultos versión corta, aparentemente sanos y sin diagnóstico de enfermedad o discapacidad que le impidiera realizar actividad física regular. La edad promedio del grupo era de 18,9 años Resultados: La prevalencia de sedentarismo en la muestra fue de 42,77 por ciento. Los estudiantes del departamento de medicina fueron los más activos físicamente y los estudiantes de enfermería los más sedentarios. No se observó diferencia entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El nivel de sedentarismo encontrado en este estudio es alto. Es necesario implementar nuevas estrategias que animen a las personas a desarrollar estilos de vida más saludables(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, sedentarism is a behavior related to multiple non-transmissible chronic and cardiovascular diseases. This behavior every day is getting more prevalence among adolescent and young people due to modern lifestyles. Objective: This study aims to determine the levels of sedentarism among undergraduate university students. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in students of the Health Sciences Faculty at Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, and these students were active roll during the first academic period of 2016. 346 students participated and they accepted voluntarily to answer the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adults (IPAQ-A) short version. They were apparently healthy and without a diagnosis of any condition or disability that hamper them to do regular physical activity. The average age of this group was 18,9 years old. Results: The prevalence of sedentarism in the sample was 42,77 percent, being the students of Medicine Department the most physically active, and the students of Nursing Department the most sedentary. There were not any differences among males and females. Conclusions: Sedentarism levels found in undergraduate university students is high, therefore it is necessary to implement new strategies that encourage people to develop healthier lifestyles(AU)

Associação entre nível de autoestima e tempo de atividades sedentárias em adolescentes / Association between self-esteem level and time of sedentary activities in teenagers / Asociación entre niveles de autoestima y tiempo de actividades sedentarias en adolescentes

Objetivou-se associar o nível de autoestima com o tempo de atividades sedentárias em adolescentes. A amostra foi composta por 98 sujeitos, com média de 16,7±1,2 anos. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e o questionário IPAQ. Empregaramse medidas de tendência central, de dispersão e o modelo de regressão linear, construído através da Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), com α de 0,05. A ANCOVA obteve ajuste significativo (F(4,777); p=0,003; R2 ajustado=0,105), indicando que a autoestima baixa elevou o sedentarismo em relação à autoestima elevada (p=0,04; ß=87,54(IC95%=0,30­174,77) min./dia). Conclui-se que a autoestima se associou ao sedentarismo, portanto, ações de saúde integradas poderão ser mais eficientes.

The article aimed to associate the self-esteem level with the time of sedentary activities among teenagers. The sample consisted of 98 individuals, with an average age of 16.7±1.2 years. Two instruments were used: Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the IPAQ questionnaire. The research employed measurement of central tendency, of dispersion and also the model of lineal regression, built through the Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA), with α of 0.05. The ANCOVA obtained significant adjustment (F(4.777); p=0.003; adjusted R2=0.105), indicating that the low self-esteem elevated the sedentarism ­ in comparison with high self-esteem (p=0.04; ß=87.54(CI95%=0.30­174.77) min./day). It was concluded that the self-esteem was associated to sedentarism, therefore, integrated health actions would be more efficient.

Se objetivó asociar el nivel de autoestima con el tiempo de actividades sedentarias en adolescentes. La muestra fue compuesta por 98 sujetos, con medio de 16,7±1,2 años. Se utilizó dos instrumentos: Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y cuestionario IPAQ. Se usó medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión y el modelo de regresión linear, construido a través del Análisis de Covarianza (ANCOVA), con α de 0,05. El ANCOVA obtuvo ayuste significativo (F(4,777); p=0,003; R2 ajustado=0,105), indicando que la autoestima baja elevó el sedentarismo en relación a la autoestima elevada (p=0,04; ß=87,54(IC95%=0,30­174,77) min./día). Se concluyó que, la autoestima se asoció con el tiempo de actividades sedentarias, por lo tanto, acciones de salud integradas podrán ser más eficientes.

A US/Mexico Study of Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Anthropometric Indicators, Migration Status, Country of Birth and Country of Residence.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the influence of migration status, nativity and country of residence on joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in anthropometric indicators of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans living in the US and in Mexico. METHODS: We examined data from two large national surveys, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the US (NHANES, 2011⁻2012) and Mexico (ENSANUT, 2012). Using self-reported minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and SB, we calculated four categories for analyses. Anthropometric measures consisted of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used data of migration status, nativity and country of residence. Linear regression models examined how joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC according to migration status, nativity and country of residence, controlling for health risk behaviors. RESULTS: Analyses showed that even among those in the category with the lowest risk behavior, “physically active and low sedentary”, there were differences in BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence. Within this lower risk category, Mexican immigrants living in the US had the greatest association with high BMI, while US-born Mexican-Americans living in the US had the highest WC values when compared with the group of Mexicans living in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence among populations with Mexican ethnicity.