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1.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 80(8): 779-785, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36252585

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although febrile seizure (FS) is generally considered benign and self-limiting, there are differences regarding the risk factors, the prognosis, and the development of epilepsy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with FS, and to determine the risks of recurrence and the development of epilepsy. METHODS: Between 2015 and 2019, we performed a retrospective evaluation of 300 patients with FS followed for at least 24 months. RESULTS: The first episode of FS was simple in 72.7% of the patients and complex in 27.3%, and it recurred in 40%. Age under 12 months in the first FS, complex FS, and neurodevelopmental delay were found to statistically increase the risk of recurrence (p < 0.05). A total of 7% of the patients developed epilepsy, and this rate was found to be higher in patients with neurodevelopmental delay and long-term use of antiepileptic drugs (p < 0.001). The development of epilepsy was also observed in 77.8% of the patients with abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Epilepsy developed more frequently in those with abnormal EEG (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopmental delay was an important risk factor for FS recurrence and the development of epilepsy. Abnormality in the EEG is an important risk factor for the development of epilepsy. We found that the long-term prophylactic treatment did not cause decreases in the recurrence of FS nor in the development of epilepsy.


ANTECEDENTES: Embora a convulsão febril (CF) seja geralmente considerada benigna e autolimitada, existem diferenças nos fatores de risco, prognóstico e desenvolvimento de epilepsia. OBJETIVO: O objetivo foi examinar as características clínicas e sociodemográficas de pacientes diagnosticados com CF e determinar os riscos de recorrência e desenvolvimento de epilepsia. MéTODOS: Trezentos pacientes com CF, acompanhados por pelo menos 24 meses, foram avaliados retrospectivamente entre 2015 e 2020. RESULTADOS: A primeira CF foi simples em 72,7% dos pacientes e complexa em 27,3%. CS foi recorrente em 40% dos pacientes. Encontrou-se que a idade da primeira CF inferior a 12 meses, CF complexa e atraso no neurodesenvolvimento aumentaram estatisticamente o risco de recorrência (p < 0,05). Epilepsia se desenvolveu em 7% dos pacientes. A epilepsia foi maior em pacientes com atraso no desenvolvimento neurológico e uso prolongado de drogas antiepilépticas (p < 0,001). A epilepsia se desenvolveu em 77,8% dos pacientes com eletroencefalograma (EEG) anormal. Uma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi determinada em pacientes com EEG anormal em risco de epilepsia (p < 0,001). CONCLUSõES: O atraso no neurodesenvolvimento foi um importante fator de risco para recorrência de CF e epilepsia. A anormalidade do EEG é um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de epilepsia. O tratamento de profilaxia a longo prazo não diminuiu a recorrência de CS e o desenvolvimento de epilepsia.


Subject(s)
Epilepsy , Seizures, Febrile , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seizures, Febrile/complications , Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy
2.
Med. infant ; 26(3): 267-271, sept. 2019. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023724

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El estado epiléptico (EE) es la emergencia neurológica más frecuente en pediatría. Los pacientes que no responden al tratamiento estándar con dosis adecuadas de benzodiacepinas seguido de una droga antiepiléptica aceptable son definidos como Estado epiléptico Refractario (ER). Objetivo: caracterizar la población de niños con EE que ingresan a UCIP y determinar qué factores son predictores de refractariedad en esta población. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, retrospectivo. Población: niños con EE internados en UCIP desde Febrero 2015 a Febrero 2017. Casos: Estado epiléptico Refractario (ER). Controles: Estado epiléptico No Refractario (ENR). Se calculó el Odds Ratio (OR) individual para las distintas variables en Med Calc. Resultados: Se internaron 35 pacientes de los cuales 12 fueron casos y 23 controles. Hubo fiebre en 77% de los pacientes. En el total de niños estudiados hubo 11% con antecedente de convulsión febril, 11% con antecedente de epilepsia y 9% con antecedente de malformación del SNC. Los niños con antecedente de convulsión febril tuvieron 2,5 veces mayor riesgo de ER (OR: 2,58; IC 95%: 1,17-5,68). Los niños con EE que tenían antecedentes de enfermedad neurológica previa presentaron riesgo de ER 2,6 veces mayor que el grupo control (OR 2,60; IC 95%: 1,24-5,42). Discusión: Dado el aumento en la mortalidad de los pacientes con ER sería importante disponer de más herramientas para predecir este desenlace e iniciar tratamiento oportuno. Resultaría útil entrenar a los padres de niños con antecedente de convulsión febril en la aplicación de medicación antiepiléptica prehospitalaria, esto podría prevenir la farmacorresistencia, el daño neurológico y las complicaciones que acarrea el ingreso a UCIP. (AU)


Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurologic emergency in children. Patients that do not respond to standard treatment with adequate doses of benzodiazepines followed by an acceptable antiepileptic drug are defined as having refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Objective: To characterize the population of children with SE admitted to the PICU and to determine predictive factors for refractoriness in this population. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Population: Children with SE admitted to the PICU between February 2015 and February 2017. Cases: Refractory status pilepticus (RSE). Controls: Non-refractory status epilepticus (NRSE). Individual Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated for different variables using Med Calc. Results: 35 patients were admitted of whom 12 were cases and 23 controls. Overall, 77% of the patients had fever. Of all the children, 11% had a history of febrile seizures, 11% had history of epilepsy and 9% had a CNS malformation. Children with a history of febrile seizures had a 2.5-fold higher risk of developing RSE (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.68). Children with SE that had a history of neurologic disease had a 2.6-fold higher risk of developing RSE than controls (OR 2.60; 95% CI: 1.24-5.42). Discussion: Given the increased mortality in children with RSE, availability of tools to predict this outcome in order to initiate early treatment is important. It would be useful to train the parents of children with a history of febrile seizures in the prehospital administration of antiepileptic drugs as this may prevent pharmaco-resistance, neurologic damage, and complication related to PICU admission (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Status Epilepticus/complications , Status Epilepticus/etiology , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , Drug Resistance , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/therapy , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies
4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 78 Suppl 2: 18-24, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30199360

ABSTRACT

A febrile seizure occurs in association with fever in a child aged 6 to 60 months, without central nervous system infection or other known cause of acute seizures in a child without a prior history of afebrile seizures. Febrile seizures occur in about 2-5% of children. Central nervous system infections should be considered in patients with febrile seizures, even though the frequency of this possibility is low, especially when patients do not return to baseline. Simple febrile seizures are considered benign events and there are clear guidelines about evaluation and management, but the evaluation of complex febrile seizures is controversial. They are associated with a small increased risk of epilepsy which cannot be prevented. The role of electroencephalography is controversial. We analyzed the data of many studies and concluded that epileptiform discharges have poor positive predictive value. Neuroimaging is recommended to look for acute or pre-existing hippocampal abnormalities following febrile status or focal febrile seizures that could be associated to the risk of developing mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. The relationship between these disorders and febrile seizures remains a controversial issue. An abnormal electroencephalography or magnetic resonance imaging studies will not change the clinical management and could contribute to overdiagnosis.


Subject(s)
Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/etiology , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);78(supl.2): 18-24, set. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-955009

ABSTRACT

Las crisis febriles están asociadas a fiebre en niños entre 6 y 60 meses de edad, sin infección del sistema nervioso central u otras causas de crisis sintomáticas agudas y sin historia de crisis afebriles previas. Ocurren en aproximadamente el 2-5% de los niños. Se debe considerar la posibilidad de una infección del sistema nervioso, a pesar de que la frecuencia es extremadamente baja cuando el examen físico posterior a la crisis no es orientador. Mientras que el manejo clínico de los niños con crisis febriles simples está bien definido, considerándolas como eventos benignos auto-limitados, la conducta en los niños con crisis febriles complejas es controvertida. Se asocian con un aumento relativamente pequeño del riesgo de epilepsia, el cual no puede ser prevenido mediante ninguna forma de tratamiento. El rol del electroencefalograma también es controvertido. Analizamos los datos de varios estudios y concluimos que las descargas epileptiformes tienen valores predictivos positivos bajos e implican pequeñas variaciones entre la probabilidad pre y post-prueba para el desarrollo de epilepsia posterior. Se ha propuesto realizar resonancias magnéticas encefálicas para detectar cambios a nivel hipocampal previos, agudos o posteriores a crisis focales o estatus febriles que pudieran relacionarse con el riesgo de esclerosis mesial temporal y de epilepsia temporal. La relación etiológica entre estas entidades continúa siendo un tema controvertido. En cualquier caso, los estudios alterados no van a cambiar el manejo clínico de las crisis febriles y pueden contribuir al sobre-diagnóstico.


A febrile seizure occurs in association with fever in a child aged 6 to 60 months, without central nervous system infection or other known cause of acute seizures in a child without a prior history of afebrile seizures. Febrile seizures occur in about 2-5% of children. Central nervous system infections should be considered in patients with febrile seizures, even though the frequency of this possibility is low, especially when patients do not return to baseline. Simple febrile seizures are considered benign events and there are clear guidelines about evaluation and management, but the evaluation of complex febrile seizures is controversial. They are associated with a small increased risk of epilepsy which cannot be prevented. The role of electroencephalography is controversial. We analyzed the data of many studies and concluded that epileptiform discharges have poor positive predictive value. Neuroimaging is recommended to look for acute or pre-existing hippocampal abnormalities following febrile status or focal febrile seizures that could be associated to the risk of developing mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. The relationship between these disorders and febrile seizures remains a controversial issue. An abnormal electroencephalography or magnetic resonance imaging studies will not change the clinical management and could contribute to overdiagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Prognosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Risk Factors , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/etiology
6.
Med. infant ; 24(3): 262-267, Sept.2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-877983

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las convulsiones febriles son el trastorno convulsivo más común en niños menores de 5 años. Después de una primera convulsión febril, alrededor del 33% de los niños experimentan una o más recurrencias, y alrededor del 9% tienen 3 o más. Debido a que los riesgos asociados con las convulsiones febriles simples son poco frecuentes, excepto la recurrencia, y porque el número de niños que tienen convulsiones febriles en los primeros años de vida es muy alto, una terapia propuesta tendría que ser extremadamente baja en riesgos, efectos adversos, de bajo costo y altamente efectiva. Objetivo primario: Identificar y analizar la bibliografía relevante y disponible a la actualidad para evaluar si existe evidencia científica que indique que el uso de ácido valproico es superior a otros anticonvulsivantes para prevenir recurrencias de episodios de convulsiones febriles en niños entre 6 y 60 meses. Objetivo secundario: evaluar la seguridad de la administración de las distintas medicaciones evaluadas, así como también los efectos adversos presentados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando bases de datos de Medline, LILACS, Cochrane y Google académico. Se analizaron mediante las guías de J.A.M.A. los ECAs y metaanálisis que evalúen la eficacia del uso del ácido valproico vs otros anticonvulsivantes o el no tratamiento hasta diciembre 2012 en idiomas inglés español. Se incluyeron pacientes de 0 a 60 meses con un primer episodio de convulsión febril simple. Resultados: De 40 artículos encontrados, 20 se descartaron por no responder a la pregunta, 6 por ser estudios de baja calidad metodológica, 7 fueron descartados por inaccesibilidad al texto original completo, 1 se descartó por no ser la población humana. Por lo que solo quedaron 4 ECAs y 3 metaanálisis que compararon la eficacia del uso de ácido valproico vs. otros anticonvulsivantes o no tratamiento. Los resultados arrojaron iscrepancias; en algunos estudios el ácido valproico disminuyó el índice de recurrencia de convulsiones febriles comparado con el no tratamiento, no se encontró mayor eficacia frente a otras drogas anticonvulsivantes, como diazepam o fenobarbital, mientras que en otros no se encontró beneficio alguno. Conclusión: Si bien en algunos estudios el ácido valproico disminuyó el índice de recurrencias, se observó en otros que las recurrencias fueron mayores. Al comparar la eficacia contra la de otras drogas anticonvulsivantes las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Por lo tanto, no existe evidencia suficiente que permita recomendar o no recomendar el uso de ácido valproico para la prevención de las recurrencias de convulsiones febriles en niños con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo posterior de epilepsia


Introduction: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children younger than 5 years. After the first febrile seizure, around 33% of children have one or more recurrences, and around 9% have three or more. Ask the risks associated with febrile seizures are not common, except recurrences, and because the number of children that have febrile seizures in the first years of life is high, a treatment protocol should have extremely low risks, have very few adverse effects, and should be low cost and highly effective. Main aim: To identify and analyze the relevant currently available literature to evaluate if there is scientific evidence that shows that the use of valproic acid is superior to other antiepileptic drugs to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures in children between 6 and 60 months of age. Secondary aim: To assess the safety of different medications used as well as the adverse effects observed. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature using the data bases of LILACS, Cochrane, and Google scholar. The analysis was conducted using guidelines of the J.A.M.A., RCTs, and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of valproic acid vs other antiepileptic drugs or no treatment up to December 2012 in English and Spanish. Patients 0 to 60 months with a first simple febrile seizure were included. Results: Of 40 articles identified, 20 were excluded as they did not answer the question, 6 because of inadequate methodology, 7 because the complete original text could not be accessed, and 1 because of a non-human study population. Therefore, only 4 RCTs and 3 meta-analysis that compared the efficacy of valproic acid vs other antiepileptic drugs or no treatment were included. The results showed discrepancies: In some studies valproic acid diminished recurrences of febrile seizures compared to no treatment, no improved efficacy compared to other antiepileptic drugs, such as diazepam or phenobarbital was found, while in other studies no benefit whatsoever was found. Conclusion: Although in some studies valproic acid decreased the recurrence rate, others found that recurrences increased. When comparing efficacy with other antiepileptic drugs, the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, there is not enough evidence that justifies recommending or not recommending valproic acid to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures in children with risk factors to subsequently develop epilepsy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Seizures, Febrile/prevention & control , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Recurrence
9.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 84(1): 18-25, mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-722858

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las convulsiones febriles (CF) son un motivo frecuente de consulta en los servicios de emergencia. Frecuentemente estos niños son hospitalizados, se les realiza diversos estudios complementarios y pueden motivar interconsultas con especialistas. A pesar de su carácter benigno, provocan gran ansiedad familiar.Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, los estudios paraclínicos y la evolución de los pacientes que consultaron en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Británico entre el 1º de enero de 2001 al 31 de diciembre de 2008 con una primera CF.Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de tipo cohorte histórica a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas. Se describieron las características clínicas de los pacientes al ingreso y en la evolución se valoró recurrencia de la crisis en el mismo o en otro episodio febril, tratamiento antiepiléptico a largo plazo y crisis en apirexia posteriores a la primera CF. Resultados: se incluyeron 113 niños, media de edad 23 meses. En 84% la etiología de la fiebre fue una infección respiratoria alta. Se realizó relevo infeccioso en 78% de los niños, relevo metabólico en 15% y punción lumbar en 8%.Las convulsiones se reiteraron en 25% de los pacientes. Se realizó electroencefalograma en 53% de los pacientes,estudios de neuroimagen a cuatro pacientes e interconsulta con neuropediatra en 21. El 7% de los pacientes recibieron anticonvulsivantes en la primera crisis. Presentaron crisis enapirexia posteriores a la CF 4% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: en términos generales, los resultados coinciden con los datos reportados por los estudios realizados en otros países.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Emergency Medicine , Epilepsy/prevention & control
10.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 84(1): 18-25, mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | BVSNACUY | ID: bnu-17187

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las convulsiones febriles (CF) son un motivo frecuente de consulta en los servicios de emergencia. Frecuentemente estos niños son hospitalizados, se les realiza diversos estudios complementarios y pueden motivar interconsultas con especialistas. A pesar de su carácter benigno, provocan gran ansiedad familiar.Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, los estudios paraclínicos y la evolución de los pacientes que consultaron en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Británico entre el 1º de enero de 2001 al 31 de diciembre de 2008 con una primera CF.Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de tipo cohorte histórica a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas. Se describieron las características clínicas de los pacientes al ingreso y en la evolución se valoró recurrencia de la crisis en el mismo o en otro episodio febril, tratamiento antiepiléptico a largo plazo y crisis en apirexia posteriores a la primera CF. Resultados: se incluyeron 113 niños, media de edad 23 meses. En 84% la etiología de la fiebre fue una infección respiratoria alta. Se realizó relevo infeccioso en 78% de los niños, relevo metabólico en 15% y punción lumbar en 8%.Las convulsiones se reiteraron en 25% de los pacientes. Se realizó electroencefalograma en 53% de los pacientes,estudios de neuroimagen a cuatro pacientes e interconsulta con neuropediatra en 21. El 7% de los pacientes recibieron anticonvulsivantes en la primera crisis. Presentaron crisis enapirexia posteriores a la CF 4% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: en términos generales, los resultados coinciden con los datos reportados por los estudios realizados en otros países.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Emergency Medicine , Epilepsy/prevention & control
11.
Rev Neurol ; 55(1): 20-5, 2012 Jul 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22718405

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Super-refractory status epilepticus is that which persists despite suitable treatment with multiple anti-convulsive schemes, including prolonged coma with general anaesthetic. Different pharmacological treatment schemes have been proposed in these patients, including the use of a ketogenic diet. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of five patient records of children between 1 and 14 years of age, three of whom were diagnosed with FIRES (febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome) and two with a diagnosis of refractory symptomatic partial epilepsy. The mean age was six years and the mean duration of the status epilepticus was 32 days. RESULTS: All the patients were given multiple therapeutic schemes; in all was obtained pharmacological coma with barbiturates to reach paroxysm-suppression pattern on electroencephalogram. Since the results of these strategies were not successful, a classical ketogenic diet was indicated. After starting the ketogenic diet, the clinical and electroencephalographic status epilepticus ceased in four patients with good tolerance. One patient did not respond and died. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with super-refractory status epilepticus, when different anticonvulsive schemes are unsuccessful, the ketogenic diet would be a good option. The ketogenic diet in this severe clinical situation is highly effective and safe.


Subject(s)
Diet, Ketogenic , Status Epilepticus/diet therapy , Adolescent , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance , Epilepsies, Partial/complications , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Fasting , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Seizures, Febrile/complications , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Status Epilepticus/etiology , Treatment Outcome
12.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 56(4): 489-92, 2010.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20835650

ABSTRACT

Febrile seizures are a benign condition of childhood, and most children will have only one episode in their lifetime. Nevertheless, any seizure is a cause of major concern in the patient's family, and there is much discussion in the literature on when and whether to treat febrile seizures, as well as on what constitutes the best therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the current evidence and recommendations for diagnosis and management of patients with febrile seizures.


Subject(s)
Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Analgesics/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Humans , Recurrence , Seizures, Febrile/prevention & control
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);56(4): 489-492, 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557333

ABSTRACT

As crises epilépticas febris são uma entidade benigna da infância e a maioria das crianças que a apresenta terá apenas um episódio na vida. Apesar disso, as crises geram grande apreensão nos familiares e há grande discussão na literatura sobre quando estes pacientes devem ser tratados e qual a melhor opção terapêutica. Esta revisão traz uma síntese dos dados e recomendações atuais para diagnóstico e tratamento dos pacientes que apresentem crises febris.


Febrile seizures are a benign condition of childhood and most children will have only one episode in their lifetime. Nevertheless, a crisis generates major concern in the family and there is much discussion in literature about when to treat as well as which is the best therapeutic approach. This review summarizes data and current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of patients with febrile seizures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Analgesics/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Recurrence , Seizures, Febrile/prevention & control
14.
In. Delfino, Aurora; Scavone Mauro, Cristina L; González Rabelino, Gabriel Alejandro. Temas y pautas de neurología infantil. Montevideo, BiblioMédica, 2006. p.117-124.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1292615
15.
J Pediatr ; 138(4): 548-52, 2001 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11295719

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine in a randomized, double-blind, clinical drug trial in children whether parental "blindness" is maintained. STUDY DESIGN: Oral diazepam or placebo was given for fevers to 406 children with at least one previous febrile seizure. Later, 192 of these families (102 diazepam, 90 placebo) were contacted and asked: (1) Did you give your child the study medicine for fevers? (2) Do you think you knew your child's treatment group (diazepam or placebo)? (3) If you think you knew, why? RESULTS: In the group of children randomly assigned to receive diazepam, 69% of their parents guessed correctly. In the group assigned to receive placebo, only 19% of parents guessed correctly. Parental opinion was influenced mostly by the presence or absence of side effects, and treatment efficacy or failure was the next most important factor. CONCLUSION: Because in a double-blind clinical trial, many parents can correctly guess that their child is receiving active drug, this may influence compliance with the protocol. Thus safeguards are needed to reduce parental bias that can invalidate the results of double-blind clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Diazepam/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Child, Preschool , Diazepam/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Patient Compliance , Treatment Outcome
20.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 54(2): 197-201, 1996 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8984974

ABSTRACT

We present our results of intermittent prophylaxis with oral diazepam in febrile seizures. We treated 82 patients aged between 3 months and 5 years. They have had simple or complex febrile seizures. Recurrence occurred in 22 patients (26%), none had a long-lasting febrile convulsion. Transient side effects occurred in 21.95% of the cases. We conclude that diazepam is a safe and effective drug for prophylaxis of febrile seizures when used as soon as any sign of illness appears. We suggest, however, that the administration of the drug should be indicated if the child presents at least one consistent predictor of risk of recurrent febrile seizures.


Subject(s)
Diazepam/therapeutic use , Seizures, Febrile/drug therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Respite Care , Risk Factors
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