Gross morphology of the brain and some sense organs of subterranean pencil catfishes of the genus Ituglanis Costa and Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with a discussion on sensory compensation versus preadaptation in subterranean fishes.

Subterranean organisms provide excellent opportunities to investigate morphological evolution, especially of sensory organs and structures and their processing areas in the central nervous system. We describe the gross morphology of the brain and some cephalic sensory organs (olfactory organ, eye, semicircular canals of the inner ear) and the swim bladder (a non-sensory accessory structure) of subterranean species of pencil catfishes of the genus Ituglanis Costa and Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) and compare them with an epigean species of the genus, Ituglanis goya Datovo, Aquino and Langeani, 2016. We compared qualitatively the size of the different brain regions and sense organs of the subterranean species with those of the epigean one, searching for modifications possibly associated with living in the subterranean environment. Our findings suggest that species of Ituglanis exhibit sensory characteristics that are preadaptive for the subterranean life, as only slight modifications were observed in the brains and sense organs of the subterranean species of the genus when compared with the epigean one. Because most subterranean fish species belong to lineages putatively preadapted for subterranean life, our results, discussed in the context of available information on the brain and sense organs of other subterranean species, help identify general trends for the evolution of the brain and sensory organs of subterranean fishes in general.

Redes sociais significativas maternas: significados e movimentos diante do autismo / Maternal significant social networks: meanings and movements in the face of autism / Redes sociales significativas maternas: significados y movimientos frente al autismo

O diagnóstico de uma condição crônica na família tende a movimentar as relações intra e extrafamiliares. No caso do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), essa movimentação tende a ocorrer de forma significativa com os vínculos maternos, visto que as mães costumam ser as principais cuidadoras dos filhos com esse diagnóstico. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou investigar os impactos do diagnóstico de TEA nas redes sociais significativas maternas e como as mães lhes atribuíram sentido. Participaram 12 mães de filhos diagnosticados com TEA na infância, com as quais foram realizadas entrevistas reflexivas e construídos dois mapas de redes sociais significativas, um anterior e outro posterior ao TEA. A análise dos dados foi feita através da Grounded Theory . No momento inicial da entrevista, foi possível perceber que a maioria das participantes se referiu ao sentimento de não ter apoio, expressando desamparo. Todavia, ao longo do processo de construção dos mapas, percebeu-se relevante mudança no discurso das mães, que reconheceram e se surpreenderam com a presença de vínculos importantes nas suas redes sociais, embora, da sua perspectiva, eles não lhes proporcionem o apoio necessário. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da ativação das redes sociais significativas das mães, bem como a instrumentalização dessas redes para que possam estar presentes de maneira efetiva e fornecer apoio, salientando-se o importante papel de profissionais da saúde e da educação nesse cenário. Por fim, aponta-se o mapa de redes enquanto potente instrumento clínico e de pesquisa.(AU)

The diagnosis of a chronic condition in the family tends to move intra- and extra-family relationships. In the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) case, this movement tends to occur significantly with maternal bonds, since mothers are often referred as the main caregivers of children with this diagnosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of the ASD diagnosis on significant maternal social networks and how mothers signify these implications. Twelve mothers of children diagnosed with ASD in childhood participated, with whom reflective interviews were carried out and two maps of significant social networks, one before and one after the ASD, were constructed. Data analysis was performed by using Grounded Theory. At the beginning of the interview, it was possible to observe that most participants reported the feeling of having no support, expressing helplessness. However, throughout the mapping process, a relevant change was noticed in the mothers' discourse, who recognized and were surprised by the presence of important members in their social networks, although, in their perspective, they do not provide them the necessary support. Therefore, the importance of activating the mothers' significant social networks is highlighted, as well as the instrumentalization of these networks so that they can be effectively present and provide support, emphasizing the important role of health and education professionals in this scenario. Finally, the network map is pointed out as a powerful clinical and research tool.(AU)

El diagnóstico de una enfermedad crónica en la familia tiende a trasformar las relaciones intra y extrafamiliares. En el caso del trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA), este movimiento tiende a ocurrir de manera significativa con los vínculos maternos, ya que las madres son referidas como las principales cuidadoras de los niños con este diagnóstico. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar el impacto del diagnóstico de TEA en las redes sociales maternas significativas y cómo las madres dieron sentido a estas implicaciones. Participaron en este estudio doce madres de niños diagnosticados con TEA en la infancia, y se utilizaron entrevistas reflexivas y mapas de redes sociales significativas, uno para antes y otro para después del TEA. El análisis de datos se basó en la teoría fundamentada. Al inicio de la entrevista, la mayoría de las participantes refirieron sentir que no tenían apoyo. Sin embargo, en el proceso de construcción de los mapas se vio un cambio en el discurso de las madres, quienes comenzaron a reconocer y sorprenderse por la presencia de vínculos importantes en sus redes sociales, aunque estos no les brindaran el apoyo necesario. Se resalta la importancia de activar las redes sociales significativas de las madres, así como la instrumentalización de estas redes para que puedan estar efectivamente presentes y brindar apoyo, enfatizando el papel de los profesionales de la salud y la educación. Además, se señala el mapa de la red como una poderosa herramienta clínica e investigativa.(AU)

Sensory remapping: a possible therapy option / Remapeamento sensorial: uma possível opção de terapia

The human sensory receptors are morphologically specialized to transduce specific stimuli into the brain. However, when an injury occurs, mainly in the spinal cord, which can be of traumatic or non-traumatic origin, it provokes various degrees of sensory deficits, autonomic, motor and sphincter dysfunction below the level of the injury. Based on this, a new therapeutic modality is being proposed by neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis, which is based on the brain-machine interface, that is, using other pathways so that the information can reach the cerebral cortex and thus be consciously processed (AU).

Os receptores sensoriais humanos são morfologicamente especializados para realizar a transdução de estímulos específicos para o encéfalo. Entretanto, quando ocorre uma lesão, principalmente, na medula espinal, que pode ser de origem traumática e não traumática, provocam diversos graus de déficits sensoriais, disfunção autônoma, motora e esfincteriana, abaixo do nível da lesão. Com base nisso, uma nova modalidade terapêutica está sendo proposto pelo neurocientista Miguel Nicolelis, que tem como base a interface cérebro máquina, isto é, utilizar-se de outras vias para que as informações possam chegar no córtex cerebral e assim serem processadas conscientemente.Palavras-chave: Interfaces cérebro-computador, Neurociências, Órgãos dos sentidos (AU).

Characterization of fillets of Amazon and real hybrid sorubins / Caracterización de filetes de sorubinas híbridas amazónica y real

Background: Many fish hybrids (i.e., obtained by crossing two species) are produced rather than pure species because of their better growth rate and/or acceptance of formulated feed. However, few studies evaluate and compare their meats and acceptance, including, e.g., for the Amazon hybrid sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus) and the real hybrid sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x L. marmoratus). Objective: Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of fillets from the Amazon and real hybrid sorubins. Method:Proximate composition, instrumental color, water holding capacity, cooking losses, and shear force were measured.Microbiological analyses of the fillets were carried out for Salmonellasp. and Staphylococcusaureus to ensure food safety during sensory analysis. Results: Fillets presented excellent quality, classified in category A (lipids below 5% and proteins between 15 and 20%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the evaluated fillets for several parameters: the average water holding capacities were 33.72 and 34.67%, the cooking losses were 14.93 and 13.41%, the shear forces were 2.21 and 1.74 kgf, and the luminosities were 49.61 and 45.04 for the fillets of Amazonian hybrid sorubim and real hybrid sorubim, respectively. Discussion: There was an evident relationship between water-holding capacities and shear forces. Amazonian hybrid sorubim fillets presented lower intensity of red. However, there was no sensory difference between the hybrids, and both had an acceptance rate above 80%. Conclusion: The hybridization does not alter the characteristics of the fish fillets

Antecedentes: Muchos híbridos de peces (i.e., obtenidos al cruzar dos especies) se producen en lugar de especies puras debido a su mejor tasa de crecimiento y/o aceptación de alimentos formulados. Sin embargo, pocos estudios evalúan y comparan sus carnes y aceptación, incluyendo, p. ej., para lo surubí híbrido amazónico (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus) y lo surubí híbrido real (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x L. marmoratus). Objetivo: Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características físicas, químicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales de filetes sorubines híbridos amazónico y real. Método: Se midió composición proximal, color instrumental, capacidad de retención de agua, pierdas por cocción y fuerza de corte. Se realizaron análisis microbiológicos de los filetes para Salmonella sp. y Staphylococcus aureus para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria durante el análisis sensorial. Resultados: Los filetes presentaron una excelente calidad, siendo clasificados en la categoría A (lípidos por debajo del 5% y proteínas entre 15 y 20%). No hubo diferencia significativa (p>0.05) entre los filetes evaluados para varios parámetros: las capacidades de retención de agua fueron 33.72 y 34.67%, las pierdas por cocción fueron 14.93 y 13.41%, las fuerzas de corte fueron 2.21 y 1.74 kgf y las luminosidades fueron 49.61 y 45.04 para los filetes de sorubim híbrido amazónico y sorubim híbrido real, respectivamente. Discusión: Hubo una relación evidente entre las capacidades de retención de agua y las fuerzas de corte. Los filetes de sorubim híbridos amazónicos presentaron menor intensidad de rojo. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia sensorial entre los híbridos, y ambos tuvieron una tasa de aceptación superior al 80%. Conclusión: La hibridación no altera las características de los filetes de pescado

Effects of the Interference of Sensory Systems on Postural Control in Congenitally Blind Subjects.

The postural system requires the sensory systems to maintain postural control (PC). Blind subjects use the somatosensory system to keep PC whereas sighted subjects use the visual system. So what happens to PC when challenging the sensory systems? We analyzed the center of pressure (COP) in ten blind and 10 sighted subjects under conditions: eyes open/closed (interference of visual system) and on firm/foam surfaces (interference of somatosensory system). We found that under the condition of eyes open on a firm surface, the blind subjects relied on the somatosensory system, whereas sighted subjects relied on the visual system. However, when eyes closed and on foam surface, similar behavior was found in both groups for all COP variables. In general blind subjects use their somatosensory system as the main sensory input to maintain PC.

Influência do estímulo visual e posição dos membros superiores no controle postural ortostático de crianças e adolescentes / Influence of visual stimulus and upper limbs' position in the orthostatic postural control of children and adolescents

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influência do estímulo visual e posicionamento dos membros superiores no controle postural ortostático e avaliar o efeito do sexo e idade nas respostas posturais de crianças e adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com amostra de 84 participantes com idade entre 11 e 14 anos, ambos os sexos (55 meninas), de escola pública de Goiânia (GO). Além do exame físico, o controle postural foi avaliado na posição ortostática pela baropodometria computadorizada em três condições: olhos abertos, olhos fechados e olhos abertos com ombros a 90° de abdução. A ausência do estímulo visual gerou maior instabilidade postural em comparação à condição de olhos abertos. Em relação as diferenças existentes entre os sexos, foi observado que as meninas tiveram menores valores de deslocamento anteroposterior e área da elipse que os meninos. Comparando-se os olhos abertos e fechados, as meninas apresentaram maiores valores na área da elipse e os meninos nos deslocamentos anteroposterior e látero-lateral. Ao analisar o efeito da idade foi observado que o grupo com 13 e 14 anos apresentou maiores valores em todas as variáveis analisadas. A ausência do estímulo visual aumentou os valores da área da elipse no grupo com 11 e 12 e dos deslocamentos no grupo com 13 e 14 anos. Não foi verificado efeito interativo entre sexo e idade. Na condição de abdução dos membros superiores não houve diferença no controle postural. Conclui-se que a ausência do estímulo visual foi mais impactante na manutenção do controle postural ortostático em crianças e adolescentes em relação as outras condições avaliadas, existindo diferença entre os sexos e a idade, em que os meninos e o grupo com 13 e 14 anos realizaram mais ajustes para manter o controle postural. (AU)

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of visual stimulus and positioning of the upper limbs in the orthostatic postural control, and to assess the effects of gender and age in the postural responses of children and adolescents. This was a transversal study involving 84 participants (of which 55 were girls) from public schools in Goiania (GO - Brazil) with age between 11 and 14 years. Besides physical examination, the participants' postural control was assessed in the orthostatic position by computerized baropodometry in three different conditions: eyes-open, eyes-closed, and eyes-open with shoulders at 90º abduction. The absence of visual stimulus generated more postural instability in relation to the eyes-open condition. Regarding gender differences, the girls had lower anteroposterior and ellipse area displacement than boys. Comparing the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, the girls presented higher values in the ellipse area and the boys presented higher values in the anteroposterior and laterolateral displacements. Analyzing the effect of age, the participants between 13 and 14 years old presented higher values in all variables. The absence of visual stimulus increased the values of the ellipse area in the participants between 11 and 12 years of age and the values of displacements in the participants between 13 and 14 years of age. Interactive effect between genders and age has not been verified. There were no postural control differences in the upper limbs abduction condition. Conclusion: The absence of visual stimulus was more impacting in the support of orthostatic postural control in children and adolescents than the other conditions assessed; the boys and the participants between 13 and 14 years of age made more adjustments in order to maintain postural control. (AU)

Distinct subpopulations of mechanosensory chordotonal organ neurons elicit grooming of the fruit fly antennae.

Diverse mechanosensory neurons detect different mechanical forces that can impact animal behavior. Yet our understanding of the anatomical and physiological diversity of these neurons and the behaviors that they influence is limited. We previously discovered that grooming of the Drosophila melanogaster antennae is elicited by an antennal mechanosensory chordotonal organ, the Johnston's organ (JO) (Hampel et al., 2015). Here, we describe anatomically and physiologically distinct JO mechanosensory neuron subpopulations that each elicit antennal grooming. We show that the subpopulations project to different, discrete zones in the brain and differ in their responses to mechanical stimulation of the antennae. Although activation of each subpopulation elicits antennal grooming, distinct subpopulations also elicit the additional behaviors of wing flapping or backward locomotion. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the diversity of mechanosensory neurons in the JO, and reveal that distinct JO subpopulations can elicit both common and distinct behavioral responses.

Microscopic aspects of electrosensory system on the partially euryhaline lesser guitarfish

ABSTRACT The electrosensory system on elasmobranchs consists of subcutaneous electroreceptor organs known as ampullae of Lorenzini. The present study investigated the ampullae of Lorenzini morphology of the lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pore number found in the ventral skin surface is much higher than that found in the dorsal portion, characteristic of species that inhabit the euphotic zone. Under light microscopy it was possible to observe that the wall canal consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. The canal features distal expansion, where the ampullae are located with up to six alveoli. The sensory epithelium of ampullae is composed by cubic cells, with oval nucleus, restricted to the interior of the alveoli. With analysis the clusters under scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe the structure and the random arrangement of individual ampullae, canals and nerves. The distribution of dorsal and ventral pores and ampullae in Z. brevirostris resembled those of the same family. The number of alveoli per ampullae was similar to that found in euryhaline elasmobranchs species, suggesting that the morphological organization in Z. brevirostris is linked to its possible evolutionary transitory position among batoids.

Ontogenetic variation in the sensory structures on the pedipalps of cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores).

In arachnids, pedipalps are highly variable appendages that may be used in feeding, courtship, defense, and agonistic encounters. In cosmetid harvestmen, adults have pedipalps that feature flattened femora, spoon-shaped tibiae, and robust tarsal claws. In contrast, the pedipalps of nymphs are elongate with cylindrical podomeres and are adorned with delicate pretarsi. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the distribution of cuticular structures (e.g., sensilla chaetica, pores) on the elements of the pedipalps of adults and nymphs of three species of cosmetid harvestmen. Our results indicate that there is considerable ontogenetic variation in the morphology of the trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, and tarsus. The pretarsus of the nymph has a ventral patch of setae that is absent from the adult tarsal claw. We observed this structure on all three cosmetid species as well as on the pedipalps of an additional seven morphospecies of nymphs collected in Belize and Costa Rica. This structure may represent a previously unrecognized autapomorphy for Cosmetidae. Examinations of the pedipalps of antepenultimate nymphs of additional gonyleptoidean harvestmen representing the families Ampycidae, Cranaidae, Manaosbiidae, and Stygnidae revealed the occurrence of unusual, plumose tarsal setae, but no setal patches on the tarsal claw.

Microscopic aspects of electrosensory system on the partially euryhaline lesser guitarfish.

The electrosensory system on elasmobranchs consists of subcutaneous electroreceptor organs known as ampullae of Lorenzini. The present study investigated the ampullae of Lorenzini morphology of the lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pore number found in the ventral skin surface is much higher than that found in the dorsal portion, characteristic of species that inhabit the euphotic zone. Under light microscopy it was possible to observe that the wall canal consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. The canal features distal expansion, where the ampullae are located with up to six alveoli. The sensory epithelium of ampullae is composed by cubic cells, with oval nucleus, restricted to the interior of the alveoli. With analysis the clusters under scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe the structure and the random arrangement of individual ampullae, canals and nerves. The distribution of dorsal and ventral pores and ampullae in Z. brevirostris resembled those of the same family. The number of alveoli per ampullae was similar to that found in euryhaline elasmobranchs species, suggesting that the morphological organization in Z. brevirostris is linked to its possible evolutionary transitory position among batoids.

Aspectos do Comportamento felino

Na história da sociedade humana,o interesse pelos animais surgiu, inicialmente,pela necessidade de se obteralimento, e mais tarde pela companhia.Entender e prever a conduta dos outrosseres era, para o ser humano, uma questãode sobrevivência. Para que a domesticaçãodos animais fosse bem-sucedida,houve a necessidade de se conhecer ocomportamento dessas espécies. Assim,o interesse, a observação, o registro e oestudo do comportamento animal seiniciam antes do desenvolvimento daetologia como ciência (Souto, 2005).

Aspectos do Comportamento felino

Na história da sociedade humana,o interesse pelos animais surgiu, inicialmente,pela necessidade de se obteralimento, e mais tarde pela companhia.Entender e prever a conduta dos outrosseres era, para o ser humano, uma questãode sobrevivência. Para que a domesticaçãodos animais fosse bem-sucedida,houve a necessidade de se conhecer ocomportamento dessas espécies. Assim,o interesse, a observação, o registro e oestudo do comportamento animal seiniciam antes do desenvolvimento daetologia como ciência (Souto, 2005).

Percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca da acessibilidade física e de comunicação de pessoas com deficiência visual / Perception of nursing staff about physical accessibility and communication of people with visual impairment

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, cujo objetivo foi de compreender a percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca da acessibilidade física e de comunicação de pessoas com deficiência visual. Foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas, com dezoito enfermeiros e dezesseis técnicos de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário localizado no município de João Pessoa (PB) em janeiro de 2012. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que a equipe de enfermagem tem dificuldades para se comunicar com pessoas com deficiência visual. No entanto, identificaram-se algumas estratégias utilizadas para facilitar a comunicação com esses pacientes, como linguagem não verbal, através do tato, e envolvimento do familiar. Esses profissionais também sugerem capacitação e qualificação para lidar com essas pessoas, assim como a implantação da linguagem em braille. Outro ponto relevante foi a falta de acessibilidade física para essa população no ambiente hospitalar. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para que as organizações educacionais incluam conteúdos referentes à assistência de pessoas com deficiência em seus currículos e que os serviços de saúde estimulem seus profissionais a participarem de capacitações e adéquem a estrutura física para que as necessidades dessa clientela sejam atendidas.

This is a descriptive study whose objective was to understand the perception of the nursing team about the physical accessibility and communication of people with visual impairment. Interviews with eighteen nurses and sixteen nursing technicians were recorded at a university hospital located in João Pessoa (PB), in January 2012. The data were analyzed qualitatively by means of content analysis. It was observed that the nursing staff has difficulty in communicating with people with visual impairments. However, some strategies used to facilitate communication with these patients were identified, as non-verbal language, through touch, and involvement of the family. These professionals also suggest training and qualification to deal with these people, as well as the implementation of language in braille. Another important point was the lack of physical accessibility for this population in the hospital. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the educational organizations include content related to assistance for people with disabilities in their curricula and health services encourage its employees to participate in training and the physical structure to be suited so that these clients' needs are met.

Efecto de la aplicación de la estimulación multisensorial auditiva táctil vestibular visual (ATVV) realizada por las madres en el modo adaptativo fisiológico del recién nacido pretérmino / Effect of the application of multisensory auditory tactile vestibular visual stimulation (ATVV) performed by mothers on the physiological adaptive mode of the preterm newborn

Enfermería tiene como eje central el cuidado de la salud de las personas, se preocupa por contribuir en el bienestar y en la satisfacción de las necesidades. La responsabilidad radica en actuar bajo un código de ética con el objeto de brindar una atención con calidad. El cuidado de enfermería basado en el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy permite ofrecer un cuidado individualizado e integral al vincular a la familia. La inestabilidad hemodinámica del recién nacido pretérmino se debe principalmente a la inmadurez fisiológica. Para favorecer su estabilidad se han implementado intervenciones en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Por lo anterior, a través de la presente investigación se propuso que las madre de los recién nacidos pretérmino realizaran la intervención estimulación multisensorial auditiva, táctil, vestibular y visual (ATVV) para favorecer la estabilidad hemodinámica, evidente a través de los episodios de taquicardia y desaturación, la ganancia de peso y la estancia hospitalaria. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la aplicación de la estimulación multisensorial ATVV realizada por las madres en el modo adaptativo fisiológico del recién nacido pretérmino. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio con diseño pre-experimental con un esquema unifactorial, el factor con tres niveles, cero, uno y dos estimulaciones al día con intervención preprueba y posprueba en 36 recién nacidos pretérmino y sus madres entre las 29 y 34 semanas de edad gestacional, hemodinámicamente estables; con mediciones repetitivas para examinar los efectos de la estimulación multisensorial ATVV (causa) dada por las madres en la adaptación en el modo fisiológico (efecto) del recién nacido pretérmino. Resultados: Se encontró un efecto benéfico de las dos intervenciones en relación a la reducción en la ganancia de peso, reducción de los episodios de taquicardia y desaturación antes, durante y después de aplicada la estimulación multisensorial y en reducción del número de días de estancia hospitalaria. No se presentaron eventos adversos durante la investigación, por lo tanto no fue necesario algún tratamiento adicional para ninguno de los prematuros que participaron en el estudio. Conclusión: La aplicación de la estimulación en diferentes dosis ha mostrado un comportamiento seguro en los prematuros. Por lo cual, la estimulación multisensorial ATVV es vista como una gran oportunidad para demostrar la capacidad del recién nacido pretérmino para adaptarse efectivamente.

Nursing has as its centerpiece the health care of people care about contributing to the welfare and satisfaction of needs. The responsibility is to act under a code of ethics in order to provide quality care. Nursing care based on the adaptation model of Roy can offer a personalized and comprehensive linking family care. Hemodynamic instability in the preterm newborn is mainly due to physiological immaturity. To promote stability interventions have been implemented in the neonatal intensive care units. Therefore, through this research suggested that the mother of preterm infants to undertake the intervention auditory multisensory stimulation, tactile, vestibular and visual (ATVV) to promote hemodynamic apparent stability through episodes of tachycardia and desaturation, weight gain, and hospital stay. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the implementation of multisensory stimulation ATVV by mothers in the physiological adaptive mode the preterm newborn. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a univariate framework, the factor with three levels, zero, one and two stimulations up with pretest intervention and posttest in 36 preterm infants and their mothers between 29 and 34 weeks was performed gestational age, hemodynamically stable; repetitive to examine the effects of multisensory stimulation ATVV (cause) given by mothers in the adaptation in the physiological mode (effect) of preterm infants measurements. Results: a beneficial effect of the two interventions in relation to the reduction in weight gain, reduce episodes of tachycardia and desaturation before, was found during and after application of multisensory stimulation and reducing the number of hospital days . No adverse events occurred during the investigation, therefore any additional treatment for premature participating in the study was not necessary. Conclusion: The application of stimulation at different doses has been shown safe behavior in preterm infants. Wherefore ATVV multisensory stimulation is seen as a great opportunity to demonstrate the ability of preterm infants to adapt effectively.

Filosofía del cuerpo de Jean-Luc Nancy y bioética de la trasplantología / Jean-Luc Nancy body philosophy and bioethics of transplantation / Filosofia do corpo de Jean-Luc Nancy e bioética da transplantología

El artículo presenta un análisis ético de la donación y trasplante de órganos a partir de la filosofía del cuerpo de Jean-Luc Nancy comprendida como ontología narrativa, considerando la noción antropológica que subyace en la historia de la trasplantología...

This article presents an ethical analysis of organ donation and transplantation, based on the philosophy of the body, stated by Jean-Luc Nancy, and known as narrative ontology, considering the anthropological notion that underlies the history of transplantology...

O artigo apresenta uma análise ética da doação e transplante de órgãos a partir da filosofia do corpo de Jean-Luc Nancy, compreendida como ontologia narrativa, considerando a noção antropológica que subjaz na história da transplantologia...

Impacto en la salud y el medio ambiente por exposición a plaguicidas e implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo de tomate, Colombia, 2011 / Impact on health and environment of exposure to pesticides and implementation of best agricultural practices in tomato production, Colombia, 2011

Objetivo: describir los posibles efectos adversos en salud y medio ambiente por el uso de plaguicidas en zonas productoras de Colombia e implementar las buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA) en el cultivo de tomate. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el municipio de La Merced-Caldas con tres fases: una de diagnóstico, donde se seleccionaron 132 trabajadores del sector agrícola y se recolectaron muestras biológicas y ambientales. Una segunda fase de intervención en la cual se incluyeron 5 parcelas, en estas se implementaron las (BPA) y una fase de evaluación de estas parcelas. Se llevó a cabo análisis simple de las variables y se exploraron posibles asociaciones. Resultados: el tiempo de exposición a plaguicidas en promedio fue de nueve años. Con mayor frecuencia el sistema nervioso central (95,5 por ciento) fue el más afectado; seguido por órganos de los sentidos (46,2 por ciento); sistema digestivo (33,3 por ciento ); piel (21,2 por ciento) y otros (19,7 por ciento). Se encontraron niveles de organoclorados en el 97,0 por ciento (128), inhibición de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa en el 34,1 por ciento (45) de los participantes y ningún nivel del metabolito etilentiourea. En las muestras ambientales se hallaron niveles de organofosforados en tomate y suelo. En el agua y lodo se detectaron niveles de organoclorados. La producción de tomate, mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las parcelas con BPA y las tradicionales (p=0,020). Conclusiones: se evidenciaron los riesgos por uso de plaguicidas y la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia sobre los potenciales efectos para la salud que pueden producir los plaguicidas y mediante el empleo de las BPA.

Objective: Describe the possible adverse effects on population health and environment due to pesticide use in agricultural zones in Colombia, and implement the best agricultural practices (BAP) in tomato production. Materials and methods: A descript intoxicative study was carried out in the municipality of Merced-Caldas, consisting in three phases: a diagnostic phase, in which environmental and biological samples were collected, using a sample of 132 agricultural workers. In a second phase, BAP were implemented, and in the third phase, the results were evaluated. A univariate analysis was completed and posible associations were explored. Results: Average length of exposure to pesticides was 9 years. The central nervous system was the most affected (95.5 percent), followed by sensory organs (46.2 percent ), the digestive system (33.3 percent ), skin (21.2 percent) and others (19.7 percent). Organoclorides were found in 97.0 percent (128), inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme was found in 43.1 percent (45); no metabolite ethylenethiourea was found. In the environmental samples, presence of organophosphates was found in tomatoes and soil. In water and mud samples, organochlorides were found. There was a statistically significant difference between BPA farms and traditional farms. (p=0,020). Conclusions: Risks due to pesticide use were demonstrated, and the need to strengthen vigilance on the potential effects of pesticide use.

Make sense of your senses

You open your eyes in the morning and squint as you catch a glimpse of rays of sunlight trespassing on your sleep haven. You hear the sound of birds singing, or the din of traffic, depending on where you live. your legs come into contact with an unfamiliar mushy substance under the blanket, and you recoil at the touch. You shriek and are just about to jump out of the bed, when you get a whiff of the delightful scent that immediately reminds you of the chocolate muffin you were eating just before you dozed off last night. Every day, from the moment we wake up, we are using our five senses; sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch - and most of them even when we sleep. But do we know how these senses work?

Orientation mechanisms and sensory organs involved in host location in a dipteran parasitoid larva.

The robber fly Mallophora ruficauda is one of the principal pests of apiculture in the Pampas region of Argentina. Larvae are solitary ectoparasitoids of third-instar scarab beetle larvae. Females of M. ruficauda do not lay eggs on or near the hosts, but on tall grasses. After hatching, larvae are dispersed by the wind and drop to the ground, where they dig and search for potential hosts. It is known that second-instar larvae of M. ruficauda exhibit active host-searching behaviour towards their preferred hosts, i.e., third-instar larvae of Cyclocephala signaticollis. Although host-location seems to be mediated by chemical cues, the mechanism of orientation and the sensory organs involved in host location remain unknown. We carried out behavioural experiments in the laboratory to address these questions. We also tested whether the orientation behaviour is exclusively based on the use of chemical cues. We found that larvae of M. ruficauda detect the chemicals with chemosensilla on the maxillary palps. Only one maxillary palp suffices for orientation, but their bilateral ablation abolishes orientation. Besides, an hexane extract of the host body was as attractive as a live host. Our results support that M. ruficauda larvae find their hosts underground by means of chemoklinotaxis.

Desconstruir para problematizar matrizes identitárias / Deconstruct to problematize identity matrices / Deconstruir para problematizar las matrices de identidad

A rede social contemporânea encontra-se marcada pela construção e pela disseminação de matrizes identitárias configuradas por binarismos, hierarquias e atribuição de específicos sentidos às configurações subjetivas. Com este estudo, objetiva-se problematizar as possibilidades de desconstrução dessas matrizes concomitantemente ao deslocamento de sentidos a elas agregados. Os aportes teóricos de Butler e Derrida possibilitam compreender que as referências identitárias fundamentadas na tradição filosófica ocidental da metafísica da presença engendram o enunciado da subjetividade e os sentidos agregados ao masculino e ao feminino. A construção do enunciado do gênero como identidade possibilita aos sujeitos se reconhecerem em referência às suas práticas de sexualidade e à heteronormatividade, que estabelece tanto as oposições masculino/feminino, heterossexual/homossexual quanto a hierarquia entre esses pares. Entende-se que o deslocamento dos sentidos atribuídos aos pares binarios pode ocorrer a partir da desconstrução dos pressupostos que organizam as matrizes identitárias dominantes na rede social.(AU)

The contemporary social network is marked by the construction and dissemination of identity matrices set by binaries, hierarchies and the assigning of specific meanings to subjective configurations. This study aims to discuss the possibilities of avoiding these matrices concomitantly to the displacement of the meanings they aggregate. The theoretical contributions of Butler and Derrida make possible to understand that identity reference based on the western philosophical tradition of metaphysics of presence engendered the utterance of subjectivity and the sense assigned to male and female. The construction of gender as a statement of identity enables individuals to recognize themselves in reference to their practice of sexuality and heterosexuality that establishes both the oppositions male/female, heterosexual/homosexual as the hierarchy between these pairs. It is understood that shifting meanings attributed to the binari pairs can take place from the deconstruction of the assumptions that organize the identity matrices in the dominant social network.(AU)

La red social contemporánea se encuentra marcada por la construcción y diseminación de matrices de identidad configuradas por binarismos, jerarquías y atribución de específicos sentidos a las configuraciones subjetivas. Con este estudio se tiene como objetivo demostrar los problemas de las posibilidades de destrucción de esas matrices concomitantemente al desplazamiento de sentidos a ellas agregados. Los aportes teóricos de Butler y Derrida posibilitan comprender que las referencias de identidad fundamentadas en la tradición filosófica occidental de la metafísica de la presencia engendran el enunciado de la subjetividad y los sentidos agregados a lo masculino y a lo femenino. La construcción del enunciado del género como identidad posibilita a los sujetos reconocerse en referencia a sus prácticas de sexualidad y la heteronormatividad que establece tanto las oposiciones masculino/femenino, heterosexual/homosexual, como la jerarquía entre esos pares. Se entiendo que el desplazamiento de los sentidos atribuidos a los pares binarios puede suceder a partir de la destrucción de los presupuestos que organizan las matrices de identidad dominantes en la red social.(AU)