ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been associated with several cutaneous inflammatory conditions. More investigation is needed to identify further presentations of cutaneous pathology associated with HPyVs. Our aim was to investigate the possible association of skin-tropic HPyVs with folliculitis, particularly eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF). METHODS: This study included 55 Japanese patients, comprising 13 patients with EPF and 42 patients with suppurative folliculitis. HPyV DNAs were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of viral antigen and geographically related viral genotypes were also assessed. RESULTS: Human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) DNA was found in 9 of 13 (69%) patients with EPF, a rate significantly higher than that found in suppurative folliculitis (1/42; 2%). Of the 7 HPyV6 DNA-positive EPF specimens analyzed, 4 were positive for HPyV6 small tumor antigen. All the HPyV6 strains detected in this study were of the Asian/Japanese genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant detection of HPyV6 DNA and the expression of viral antigen suggest a possible association between HPyV6 infection and EPF in a subset of patients. Worldwide studies are warranted to determine whether Asian/Japanese genotype HPyV6 is associated preferentially with the incidence and pathogenesis of this eosinophil-related skin disease that has an ethnic predilection for the East Asian population.
Subject(s)
Eosinophilia/virology , Folliculitis/virology , Polyomaviridae/isolation & purification , Polyomavirus Infections , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Antigens, Viral , DNA, Viral/genetics , Humans , Polyomavirus Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Patients with eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF), a sterile eosinophilic infiltration of hair follicles, often present with papulopustules that tend to form annular plaques. Histopathologic examination revealed eosinophilic infiltration around the pilosebaceous units and eosinophilic microabscess formation. Although the pathogenesis of EPF is unknown, T-helper type 2 immune responses were suggested to be important based on their stimulating effect on the sebaceous glands. Here, we report the first case of EPF associated with herpes zoster, indicating that herpes zoster and EPF are correlated with T-helper type 2 immune responses.
Subject(s)
Eosinophilia/pathology , Folliculitis/pathology , Herpes Zoster/pathology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Skin/pathology , Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Eosinophilia/immunology , Eosinophilia/virology , Female , Folliculitis/drug therapy , Folliculitis/immunology , Folliculitis/virology , Herpes Zoster/immunology , Herpes Zoster/virology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Humans , Skin/drug effects , Skin/immunology , Skin/virology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/immunology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Steroids/therapeutic use , Th2 Cells/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultSubject(s)
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Viral/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/pathology , Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nose/pathology , Nose/virology , Palate/pathology , Palate/virology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Skin Diseases, Viral/pathology , Skin Diseases, Viral/virologyABSTRACT
In the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, skin manifestations, if present, were not paid enough attention. Then, the focus moved toward the impact of the prolonged use of personal protective measures in both healthcare workers and patients. In the meantime, attention is increasingly paid to dermatology as a result of the concern for certain groups of dermatologic patients, including those whose condition may worsen by the thorough disinfection measures and those treated with immunosuppressants or immunomodulators. Following patients with psoriasis on biological therapy, as well as other inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, and skin cancer provoked the interest of dermatologists. Finally, an intriguing question to the dermatologic society was whether skin changes during COVID-19 infection exist and what could be their diagnostic or prognostic value. Here, we summarize skin conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, patient information, and expert recommendations and give an overview about the registries launched to document skin changes during COVID-19, as well as details about certain patient groups infected with SARS-CoV-2, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune bullous diseases.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/complications , Skin Diseases, Viral/virology , Chilblains/virology , Erythema/virology , Exanthema/virology , Humans , Livedo Reticularis , Patient Education as Topic , Purpura/virology , Registries , SARS-CoV-2 , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Skin Diseases, Viral/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Viral/etiology , Urticaria/virologyABSTRACT
A 9-month-old infant presentedwithvesicles on the arm in theeighthcervicaldermatomesinceseveraldays. PCR analysis of thefluid of thevesiclesrevealedthepresence of the varicella zoster virus (VZV). It turned out thatthe infant had been in contact withthis virus at theage of 5 months; bythenthechild was protectedbymaternal VZV-antibodies, whichprevented adequate development of immunityagainstthe virus. Therefore, herpes zoster coulddevelop a few months later.
Subject(s)
Herpes Zoster/virology , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Arm/virology , Female , Herpes Zoster/immunology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology , Humans , Infant , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/immunologySubject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/pathology , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , COVID-19 , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Administration, Intravenous , Adult , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Calciphylaxis/drug therapy , Calciphylaxis/virology , Chelating Agents/administration & dosage , Dermatitis/complications , Dermatitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis/drug therapy , Dermatitis/virology , Female , Herpes Simplex/complications , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/virology , Humans , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/complications , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Thiosulfates/administration & dosageABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Enterovirus (EV) A71 and coxsackievirus (CV) A16 were the most frequent serotypes involved in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks throughout Asia. In the past 5 years, however, CV-A6 has emerged as a new important pathogen worldwide, and more severe and extensive dermatologic presentations has been reported. OBJECTIVES: Identify the clinical spectrum for atypical HFMD and enterovirus serotypes in Belém, Pará, Amazon region of northern Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective ambulatory clinic-based surveillance conducted from January to June 2019, involving patients under 15 years with symptoms of HFMD. Stool, serum, oropharyngeal, and skin swab samples were analyzed. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect the viral genome of enteroviruses. Positive specimens were submitted to semi-nested PCR. Physical examinations and demographic data were recorded on a standardized form. RESULTS: 48 patients with symptoms of HFMD were included in the study and collected all samples according to protocol. Enteroviruses were detected in 83 % of patients. An atypical form of HFMD with vesiculobullous exanthema was present in 70 % (28/40); desquamation of the palms and soles detected in 90 % (36/40) and onychomadesis in 30 % (12/40) of patients. The serotype was identified in 22 patients, CV- A6 occurred in 81.8 % of them. CONCLUSION: This is the first ambulatory surveillance and virologic investigation involving HFMD performed in outpatients from Amazon region, Brazil. The detection of CV-A6 was related to atypical forms HFMD. Desquamation of the palms and soles and nail changes occurred with frequency, such as a late sequel in the HFMD disease.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus/classification , Enterovirus/genetics , Female , Genome, Viral , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Phylogeny , Prospective Studies , Serogroup , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virologyABSTRACT
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus whose transmission has already been reported in several countries. Although the majority of individuals acutely infected with CHIKV appear to become asymptomatic, reports showing the occurrence of atypical and severe forms of the disease are increasing. Among them, the neurological and skin manifestations require medical attention. Treatment of CHIKV infection is almost symptomatic. In this sense, we report the case of a 56-years-old man who presented fever, headaches, paresthesia and pain in the right arm with visible red spots on the skin starting 30 days before Hospital admission. Tests determined Chikungunya infection and excluded other co-morbidities. Disease evolved with edema in hands and feet and extensive hemorrhagic bullous lesions on the skin of upper and lower limbs. Variations in hematological counts associated with liver dysfunction determined this patient's admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Then, he received intravenous antibiotic and immunoglobulin therapy (400 mg/Kg/day for the period of 5 days) with total recovery from the lesions after 10 days of follow-up. A general improvement in blood cell count and successful wound healing was observed. After discharge, no other clinical sign of the disease was reported until nowadays. This case reports for the first time the successful administration of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to a patient with severe atypical dermatological form of Chikungunya Fever without any associated comorbidity.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use , Chikungunya Fever/therapy , Chikungunya virus/immunology , Immunization, Passive/methods , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/therapy , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We present the case of a 62-year-old African-American woman with medical history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia who presented to dermatology clinic for 'bug bites'. Skin examination showed resolving bullae on the shins and postinflammatory pigment changes. Histopathology showed eosinophilic spongiosis and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA and C3. After returning to clinic with recurrent severe bullous eruptions, the patient presented with anaemia, lymphocytosis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy and weight loss. An exuberant bite reaction in the setting of lymphoma was suspected. Further workup with haematology revealed elevated IgG level and total protein levels. Flow cytometry showed a B cell lymphoma subtype. Extensive imaging was positive for diffuse lymphadenopathy, with accompanying evidence of Ebstein-Barr virus infection. Our case highlights the importance of considering exuberant arthropod bite reaction in the setting of undiagnosed lymphoma in a patient with bullous eruption and negative DIF.
Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Insect Bites and Stings/complications , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/complications , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Insect Bites and Stings/virology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/virology , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virologySubject(s)
Facial Paralysis/etiology , Herpes Zoster Oticus/pathology , Herpes Zoster Oticus/virology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Administration, Oral , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Earache/etiology , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Herpes Zoster Oticus/drug therapy , Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Hypesthesia/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/virology , Valacyclovir/administration & dosage , Valacyclovir/therapeutic use , Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/complications , Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/virologyABSTRACT
We report the case of a male 22-month-old child, with atypical presentation of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome after infection with Epstein-Barr virus.
Subject(s)
Acrodermatitis/pathology , Acrodermatitis/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Humans , Infant , Male , Photography , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Abstract: We report the case of a male 22-month-old child, with atypical presentation of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome after infection with Epstein-Barr virus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Acrodermatitis/pathology , Acrodermatitis/virology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Remission, Spontaneous , PhotographyABSTRACT
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and severe variant of psoriasis. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman who presented with generalized pustular psoriasis and significant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viraemia. Serial measurements of EBV DNA showed a correlation with the deterioration in her clinical condition. We speculate that EBV reactivation triggered the development of GPP, and propose that further investigation is required into the association between EBV and GPP.
Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Psoriasis/virology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virology , Aged , Female , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , HumansSubject(s)
Herpes Zoster/therapy , Trigeminal Nerve Diseases/virology , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Herpes Zoster Vaccine , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Medical History Taking , Middle Aged , Neuralgia, Postherpetic/prevention & control , Pain Management/methods , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/virologyABSTRACT
Simultaneous involvement of herpes zoster in multiple dermatomes is uncommon, and even more so in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case wherein a healthy adolescent boy presented with herpes zoster in two distinct dermatomes, raising concern for immunodeficiency, but he was found to be immunocompetent on further testing. A 14-year-old boy with no significant past medical history developed painless vesicular eruptions in two distinct distributions. Varicella zoster virus polymerase chain reaction was positive from unroofed vesicles in both regions. Initial laboratory studies disclosed abnormalities of unknown significance in natural killer (NK) cell percentage and function. The patient was treated with appropriate antiviral therapy. Repeat studies while healthy were not suggestive of an underlying NK cell defect. There are few case reports describing herpes zoster in two or more dermatomes in children. Previously described presentations most commonly occurred in the context of primary immunodeficiency, acquired immunodeficiency, or immunosuppressive medications. Because of the rarity of this presentation in immunocompetent patients, the authors recommend a thorough immune evaluation of all children presenting with isolated multidermatomal zoster.