ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Close relationship between melanocytes and neural cells is accepted to reflect their common derivation from the neural crest and tumors combining both elements. We present a series of 10 patients with giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) in which a secondary proliferation (11 lesions) with schwannian and/or perineuriomatous differentiation developed in the course of the disease. The age of the patients (4 male and 6 female) at the time of surgery and histological assessment varied from 3 months to 57 years. Histopathologically, the following subgroups were delineated: (1) nodular/tumoriform "neurotization" in CMN, (2) diffuse neurofibroma-like proliferation within CMN, (3) plexiform neurofibroma-like proliferation within CMN, and (4) diffuse perineuriomatous (hybrid schwannomatous-perineuriomatous) differentiation in CMN. We review the pertinent literature, including the role of recently identified Schwann cell precursors which are believed to represent the nerve-associated state of neural crest-like cells that persists into later developmental stages.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Nevus, Pigmented , Schwann Cells , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Male , Female , Infant , Schwann Cells/pathology , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Child, Preschool , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are special types of moles. CMN happen when extra pigment-making cells (melanocytes) grow in a baby's skin while the baby is forming before birth. They are not caused by anything their parent did or didn't do during pregnancy. These moles are there when the baby is born, stay on the skin for life, and grow as the child grows.
Subject(s)
Moles , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Infant , Child , Humans , Animals , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Melanocytes , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnosis , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , SkinSubject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnostic imaging , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/economics , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , MaleSubject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnostic imaging , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Female , MaleSubject(s)
Dermatofibrosarcoma , Scalp , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Dermatofibrosarcoma/pathology , Dermatofibrosarcoma/congenital , Dermatofibrosarcoma/diagnosis , Dermatofibrosarcoma/surgery , Scalp/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/congenital , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , FemaleABSTRACT
As the relative shortage of healthy tissue obviates the option of local soft tissue coverage, reconstruction of circumferential giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) on the upper extremity remains particularly challenging. Here the authors report a 3-stage procedure involving pre-expanded pedicled flap from the torso for the reconstruction of upper extremity after circumferential GCMN excision in pediatric patients. The giant nevus was completely removed and the size of the excised nevus was 31 × 14.5 cm. The donor site was primarily closed. No major complication was encountered. Reconstruction with expanded pedicled flap achieved satisfactory results, both functionally and cosmetically.
Subject(s)
Nevus, Pigmented , Nevus , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Child , Tissue Expansion/methods , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Nevus, Pigmented/surgery , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Nevus/surgery , Upper Extremity/surgeryABSTRACT
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are rare, pigmented birthmarks that can predispose patients to melanoma of the central nervous system and skin. Data from non-CMN melanoma cohorts suggest that vitamin D levels may be connected to outcome, prompting this study of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in plasma samples from 40 children with CMN. While 27% were insufficient and 13% deficient, this was representative of European populations, and UK supplementation guidelines are already in place. Our data support routine vitamin D supplementation for all CMN patients during winter months, without routine serum measurement.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Child , Humans , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Nevus, Pigmented/congenital , Skin , Vitamin DSubject(s)
Hamartoma , Nevus , Skin Diseases , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Hamartoma/congenital , Muscle, Smooth , Skin Neoplasms/congenitalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is characterized by its large size and potential for transformation into melanoma. It can be associated with other neural cristopathies, including neurofibroma, however, it has not previously been described with a congenital neurofibroma. CASE REPORT: A newborn girl presented with a large congenital neurofibroma arising in a bathing trunk type of giant congenital melanocytic nevus. CONCLUSION: Congenital neurofibromas can be associated with (or a component of) a GCMN.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Neurofibroma , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnosis , Nevus, Pigmented/congenitalABSTRACT
El diagnóstico diferencial clínico entre los hemangiomas congénitos (HC) y los infantiles (HI) es complicado pero esencial para el tratamiento. El marcador inmunohistoquímico GLUT-1 ayuda a distinguirlos, sin embargo, la biopsia no es habitual. Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los HI y a los HC diagnosticados en un hospital terciario en un periodo de 3 años, con el objetivo de describir y comparar los principales aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Se incluyeron un total de 107 hemangiomas, 34 HC (NICH/PICH/RICH), 70 HI y 3 pendientes de clasificar. El HI superficial de cabeza y cuello fue el tumor más frecuente. El tronco fue la localización más frecuente de los HC. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de los HI. Para los HI, el tipo de respuesta obtenida fue independiente de las variables (sexo, fecundación in vitro, profundidad, localización y tipo de tratamiento) (AU)
Distinguishing between congenital and infantile hemangiomas is challenging, but essential for appropriate treatment. The immunohistochemical marker glucose transporter type 1 is helpful, but biopsies are uncommon in this setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and compare epidemiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics of congenital and infantile hemangiomas diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital over 3 years. We studied 107 hemangiomas: 34 congenital hemangiomas (rapidly involuting, partially involuting, and noninvoluting), 70 infantile hemangiomas, and 3 hemangiomas pending classification. Superficial infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck were the most prevalent tumors. Congenital hemangiomas were most often located on the trunk. Studied risk factors were more common in patients with infantile hemangiomas. In this group of patients, treatment response was independent of sex, in vitro fertilization, lesion depth and location, and type of treatment (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hemangioma/congenital , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Risk Factors , Hemangioma/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Distinguishing between congenital and infantile hemangiomas is challenging, but essential for appropriate treatment. The immunohistochemical marker glucose transporter type 1 is helpful, but biopsies are uncommon in this setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and compare epidemiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics of congenital and infantile hemangiomas diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital over 3 years. We studied 107 hemangiomas: 34 congenital hemangiomas (rapidly involuting, partially involuting, and noninvoluting), 70 infantile hemangiomas, and 3 hemangiomas pending classification. Superficial infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck were the most prevalent tumors. Congenital hemangiomas were most often located on the trunk. Studied risk factors were more common in patients with infantile hemangiomas. In this group of patients, treatment response was independent of sex, in vitro fertilization, lesion depth and location, and type of treatment (AU)
El diagnóstico diferencial clínico entre los hemangiomas congénitos (HC) y los infantiles (HI) es complicado pero esencial para el tratamiento. El marcador inmunohistoquímico GLUT-1 ayuda a distinguirlos, sin embargo, la biopsia no es habitual. Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los HI y a los HC diagnosticados en un hospital terciario en un periodo de 3 años, con el objetivo de describir y comparar los principales aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Se incluyeron un total de 107 hemangiomas, 34 HC (NICH/PICH/RICH), 70 HI y 3 pendientes de clasificar. El HI superficial de cabeza y cuello fue el tumor más frecuente. El tronco fue la localización más frecuente de los HC. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de los HI. Para los HI, el tipo de respuesta obtenida fue independiente de las variables (sexo, fecundación in vitro, profundidad, localización y tipo de tratamiento) (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hemangioma/congenital , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Risk Factors , Hemangioma/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapySubject(s)
Melanoma , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , S100 Proteins , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Melanoma/metabolism , Nevus, Pigmented/congenitalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The hemifacial congenital giant nevus impacts both physical and mental health of the patients. Excision is typically the most suitable option in these situations, but reconstructing the subsequent surgical defects is always a serious challenge. METHODS: Between February 2012 and January 2021, a retrospective review of 4 patients who suffered from hemifacial congenital giant nevus was conducted, and they were treated by pre-expanded scalp flap and deltopectoral flap simultaneously. All patients receive tissue expansion, nevus resection, expanded skin flap transfer, and pedicle division. RESULTS: Four patients with hemifacial congenital giant nevi were successfully treated with no major complications. One patient with a transferred deltopectoral flap experienced distal necrosis of the flap, and healed after dressing changes. No recurrence of the nevus was found during the follow-up period, and the transferred skin flaps match well with facial skin in contour and color. CONCLUSION: This modified pre-expanded scalp flap combined with a deltopectoral flap provides an easy and reliable way for hemifacial reconstruction in patients with a congenital giant nevus.