"Moms and babies first"-A historical overview of the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.

Professional nursing bodies have had a well-established, collective history of advancing the nursing profession through career development, advocacy, and continuing education. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a historical overview of these entities, leading up to the formation of specialty nursing associations and the emergence of the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). The Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses is a leader in research, education, and advocacy in the field of women's health, obstetric, and neonatal nursing that has focused on promoting the health and well-being of women, newborns, and their families for the past fifty years.

Margretta Madden Styles.

In recognition of the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife initiative, AJN will periodically highlight the works of key nursing leaders. Sometimes it will be in the form of articles from our archives, at other times it will be excerpts from or summaries of nurses' work with related commentary. Here, courtesy of Margretta Madden Styles's daughter, we've reprinted Styles's "Declaration of Belief About the Nature and Purpose of Nursing," originally published in her book, On Nursing: Toward a New Endowment (C.V. Mosby Company, 1982). We hope it will inspire you.

La formación de las enfermeras en urología en los manuales de la titulación de Enfermera de 1915 / No disponible

En España, la titulación oficial de Enfermera se crea en el año 1915 (Real Orden 7-V-1915), tras la aprobación por el Ministerio correspondiente de la instancia presentada por la Congregación Siervas de María Ministras de los Enfermos. La titulación aprobada habilitaba de enfermeras a las que lo solicitasen, pertenecientes o no a comunidades religiosas. A raíz de ello se confeccionan manuales enfermeros. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son: 1. Conocer los contenidos en materia de enfermería urológica exigidos a la enfermera según la normativa vigente (1915). 2. Conocer en base a la documentación oficial publicada lo referente a la figura de la enfermera y la enfermería urológica. Como fuente documental se ha utilizado el Manual de la Carrera de Enfermeras para uso de las Hijas de la Caridad españolas (Madrid, 1917), que conoció varias ediciones, además de documentación legislativa y referencias a otros tratados enfermeros. Se ha seguido la metodología propia de la investigación histórica. Se muestran los contenidos relacionados con la urología presentes en la obra estudiada (definiciones, patologías, términos anatómicos, técnicas, cuidados). La figura de la enfermera ha sido clave en la conformación del actual profesional de enfermería. Los estudios realizados sobre estas profesionales en relación con la materia urológica son escasos, siendo necesario investigaciones de carácter histórico para conocer la verdadera dimensión de sus aportaciones. Entre las conclusiones alcanzadas, destacar que hasta llegar a la creación de la Especialidad de Urología y Nefrología para ATS (1975) (Decreto 2233/1975, de 24 de julio), encontramos en los textos un interés creciente por la materia de enfermería urológica. La obra analizada nos muestra el nivel de conocimientos sobre enfermería urológica de hace un siglo y el grado de autonomía alcanzado por las enfermeras. La investigación histórica se convierte en un pilar básico para conocer y comprender el desarrollo de esta especialidad en España

Sovereign ordinance of 7 May 1915 formally established an official nursing degree upon request by The Servants of Mary, Sisters to the Sick which was approved by the corresponding ministry. This nursing degree provided official recognition at the request of applicants, independently of religious creed. As a result, nursing manuals were created. The aims of the present study are: 1. To learn subject content connected with urologic nursing in compliance with current legislation (1915). 2. Learn what nurses and urologic nurses do on the basis of official documentation published. The textbook Manual de la Carrera de Enfermeras para uso de las Hijas de la Caridad españolas (Madrid, 1917), legislative documentation and references to teatrises on nursing have been use as a source of information. The methodology used has been historic research. Contents addressing urology are shown (definitions, pathologies, anatomical terms, techniques, care). Nursing had a key role in the formation of the present nursing profession. Studies conducted on these professionals with relation to urologic matter are scarce, stressing the importance of historical research in order to know the scope of their contribution. On the conclusions reached, it is important to emphasize that until the creation of the Urology and Nephrology for ATS (1975) (Decree 2233/1975, 24 July), an increasing interest in urology was observed. Work analysis shows the level of knowledge on urologic nursing from a century ago and the levels of nurse autonomy. Historical research becomes an essential foundation in order to know and understand the development of this specialty in Spain

O processo de criação do curso de especialização em Enfermagem Obstétrica, modalidade de residência, na rede municipal de saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / El proceso de creación del curso de especialización en Enfermería Obstétrica, modalidad de residencia, en la red municipal de salud de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / The creation process of the specialization course in Obstetric Nursing, residency modality, in the municipal health network of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o processo de criação do curso de especialização em Enfermagem Obstétrica, modalidade de residência, na rede municipal de saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo, de natureza histórica social. O corpus de análise desta pesquisa foram fontes primárias que se constituíram de documentos escritos e depoimentos orais que foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com o grupo de profissionais da SMS-RJ e docentes da ENF/UERJ que atuaram diretamente na concepção e execução da proposta do curso, no período de 2003 a 2005. Os resultados indicam que a política de saúde no país buscava a qualificação da assistência à saúde da mulher, a redução da mortalidade materna e neonatal e a mudança do modelo assistencial em direção à humanização do parto e nascimento. Devido à carência de enfermeiras obstétricas na rede municipal de saúde, houve a parceria da SMS-RJ e da ENF/UERJ para a formação dessas profissionais como uma oportunidade de ampliação da atuação delas. Conclui-se que o processo de criação deste modelo de especialização na rede municipal do Rio de janeiro apresentou desafios para os gestores e docentes durante sua implementação

El objetivo de este estudio es describir el proceso de creación del curso de especialización en Enfermería Obstetricia, modalidad de residencia, en la red municipal de salud municipal de Río de Janeiro. Se trata de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo, histórico social. El corpus de análisis de esta investigación fueron fuentes primarias que consistieron en documentos escritos y testimonios orales que se han producido a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con el grupo profesional de SMS-RJ y los maestros de la ENF / UERJ, que actuaron directamente en la concepción y ejecución de la propuesta del curso de 2003 a 2005. Los resultados mostraron que la política de salud en el país buscaba la calificación del cuidado de la salud de la mujer, la reducción de la mortalidad materna y neonatal y el cambio del modelo asistencial en dirección a la humanización del parto y nacimiento. Debido a la escasez de enfermeras obstétricas en la red municipal de salud, hubo una parcería de SMS-RJ y ENF / UERJ para la formación de estas profesionales como una oportunidad para la expansión de sus actividades. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el proceso de creación de este modelo de especialización en la red municipal de Río de Janeiro presentó desafíos para los directores y maestros durante su implementación

The aim of this study is to describe the creation process of the specialization course in Obstetric Nursing, residence modality, in the municipal health network of Rio de Janeiro. This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, of social historical nature. The analysis corpus of this research were primary sources that consisted of written documents and oral testimony that have been produced using semi-structured interviews with the professional group SMS-RJ and teachers of ENF/UERJ, who worked directly in the design and implementation the proposal of the course from 2003 to 2005. The results showed that the health policy in the country looked for the qualification of health care of women, reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and changing the care model toward the humanization of childbirth and birth. Due to shortage of obstetric nurses in the municipal health network, there was a partnership of SMS-RJ and ENF / UERJ for the formation of these professionals as an opportunity for expansion of their activities. We conclude that the process of creation of this specialization model in the municipal health of Rio de Janeiro had challenges for managers and teachers for its implementation

District nursing renascent as Wales adopts safe staffing levels.

This article reflects on the history of the NHS in Wales and how this has led to its current structure. How this structure supports integrated working across primary, community and secondary care and how further integration with social care is moving forward and its direct effects on district nursing are explored. This article describes how district nursing is meeting these challenges. Support for district nurses as part of integrated multiprofessional teams is being developed to promote appropriately staffed teams centred on meeting the requirements of people within a designated area and ensuring that home is the best and first place of care.

"Formar enfermeras, no empleadas domésticas". Profesionalización del cuidado sanitario en Chile, 1930-1950 / No disponible

Este artículo identifica y describe una serie de procesos históricos que contribuyeron, junto a la formación académica, a la profesionalización de la enfermería entre las décadas de 1930 y 1950 en Chile, alejando gradualmente la asociación de este oficio con el ejercido por el servicio doméstico. A través de la revisión de fuentes documentales como monografías y publicaciones periódicas de naturaleza médico-asistencial, el artículo examina los debates públicos respecto de los vínculos que las enfermeras establecieron con la comunidad médica y otros oficios paramédicos; el impacto de la formación fuertemente influenciada por la experiencia norteamericana; su gradual especialización sanitaria y su papel en las políticas materno-infantiles. En el marco de la profesionalización de oficios sanitarios ejercidos casi exclusivamente por la población femenina, sustentada en las clásicas atribuciones a dicho género, el artículo explora algunos efectos de estos procesos en la formación de las enfermeras que posibilitaron la conformación de una identidad profesional que progresivamente experimentaba el reconocimiento de la comunidad médica, y que alcanzaba mayores niveles de autonomía en el ejercicio de sus tareas específicas hacia mediados del siglo XX chileno (AU)

No disponible

Reflections on nurse education: past, present and future.

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, reflects on the changes in nursing that she has seen since beginning her nursing career 40 years ago.

Brazilian nursing history on the shoulders of giants.

BACKGROUND: This study describes the route followed by nursing in Brazil, through the foundation of nursing organizations and the emergence of nursing leaders and pioneers. AIM: To present the origins of modern nursing in Brazil, identifying the main nurse-leaders and analysing their performance for the creation and consolidation of the nursing organizations. METHODS: It is a historical and social study with descriptive approach, to describe the process of Brazilian nursing professionalization and leadership through a literature review. RESULTS: The oldest nursing organization is the Brazilian Nursing Association that holds scientific and cultural activities. There are also nurses' unions and nursing specialty associations, such as the Brazilian Academy for the History of Nursing, and the Federal Nursing Council. The latter has compulsory membership for controlling nursing services according to the qualifications of the personnel. The very first school for nurses in the Nightingale system was created in São Paulo, 1894, at the Samaritan Hospital, and by the government in 1923, in Rio de Janeiro, for which American nurses, led by Ethel Parsons, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, were essential for the creation of the Anna Nery Nursing School, still in operation within a federal university. Some nurses pioneered these works such as Edith Fraenkel, Maria Rosa Pinheiro, Amalia Carvalho and others. CONCLUSION: The work done by nursing leaders has brought to the profession a better status and made it more recognized by the society.

Cultures of control: A historical analysis of the development of infection control nursing in Ireland.

Responses to the rise of antimicrobial resistance in Europe and North America included establishment of special hospital infection control teams of a microbiologist and a nurse. Based on the testimonies of seven infection control nurses in Irish hospitals appointed during 1979-1990, this article examines the early development and expressions of their disciplinary practice. Fairman's model of collaborative practice was used to examine the context in which the role emerged, the places practice was negotiated and mutually constructed, and exemplars of collaborative practice. Aspects of the relationship between theory and method in Wengraf's biographical narrative interpretive method (BNIM) used to generate the nurses' accounts of their early experiences in the role are highlighted. Practice was contingent on effective negotiation of places of practice, and disciplinary practice bore hallmarks of collaborative practice. The infection control nurse transitioned from conspicuous outsider and object of suspicion to valued resource for patients and staff. Infection control nursing came to be a prototype for new specialist nursing roles in hospitals.

Fire in the belly and the professionalization of nurses: a historical analysis of Crohn disease care.

Today, professional nurses around the world are stepping up to meet the needs of individuals with Crohn disease, using their specialized knowledge and skills that demonstrate areas of expertise that have not always existed. The gastrointestinal-specific knowledge being used by these 21st-century nurses exists today because progressive efforts of nurses in previous decades moved the profession of nursing forward. The purpose of this article was to describe and analyze the development of the role of nurses in responding to new challenges patients with Crohn disease face since the emergence of the disease in the early 20th century. The authors used traditional historic research methods to conduct the study. Primary sources include nursing journals and textbooks published in the 20th and 21st centuries and documents archived at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, where Burrill B. Crohn conducted his seminal work. The significance of the findings is that the changing role of nurses in caring for patients with Crohn disease mirrors the professionalization of nursing during the 20th and early 21st centuries.

Breaking barriers.

Johanne Tomlinson detected connections between high anxiety levels, confrontational behaviour and self-harm in offenders in her care at a men's prison. Her observations led to the launch of an anxiety management service, which she now runs alongside her regular nursing work. Her commitment has resulted in her being named Nursing Standard's nurse of the year 2012.

Nursing care of service members with head injury during the Vietnam war.

The purpose of this article was to describe and analyze the nursing management of head-injured soldiers by military nurses serving in the Vietnam War. This study used traditional historical methods and a military history framework. Primary sources included original military reports, letters, and policies from the Vietnam War period (located in the archives of the Army Medical Department, Office of Medical History in Falls Church, VA); journal articles of the time period; and autobiographical texts. Secondary sources consisted of biographical and historical texts and Web sites of historical societies. Findings supported that advances in medicine, nursing, and technology throughout the 1960s have an overall positive impact on patient care in a combat zone. The Vietnam War was a time when new theories in the management of head injuries led directly to overall improvements in survival. In conclusion, nurses were professionally and emotionally challenged on a near daily basis but were able to directly apply new nursing science in a combat environment to help improve survivability for those who may not have previously survived off the battlefield.